CN201656768U - Coupled inductor realizing high-gain double voltage boost converter - Google Patents
Coupled inductor realizing high-gain double voltage boost converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
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技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种直流-直流变换器及应用，具体说是耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器。The invention relates to a DC-DC converter and its application, in particular to a high-gain voltage-doubling and step-up converter realized by coupled inductance.
背景技术Background technique
在可再生能源发电系统中，由于许多可再生能源发出的电能都是电压较低的直流电，而并网发电系统需要电压较高的直流母线，因此需要直流-直流变换器把低电压直流电转换为适合并网的高电压直流电。低输入电流纹波、高增益、高效率的非隔离型变换器在可再生能源并网发电领域里有着重要的作用。In the renewable energy power generation system, since the electric energy generated by many renewable energy sources is low-voltage DC, and the grid-connected power generation system requires a high-voltage DC bus, a DC-DC converter is required to convert the low-voltage DC to High voltage direct current suitable for grid connection. Non-isolated converters with low input current ripple, high gain, and high efficiency play an important role in the field of renewable energy grid-connected power generation.
常规的升压型(Boost)交错并联直流-直流变换器的输出电压增益较小，功率开关管的电压应力较大，功率开关管为硬开关工作，开关损耗较大，续流二极管的反向恢复电流较大，反向恢复损耗较大。近年来，相继研究了一些软开关电路，通过附加有源功率开关管和无源电感、电容等器件或是通过附加二极管和无源电感、电容等器件来实现功率开关管的软开关。软开关电路虽然可以实现功率开关管的软开关，但是不能降低功率开关管的电压应力，也没有拓展变换器的增益。有一种用开关电容的方法实现变换器增益的拓展，但该方法有瞬间电流冲击，而且要实现很高的输出电压时所需开关电容数量多，结构复杂；还有一种用三绕组耦合电感的方法实现变换器增益的拓展，但该方法的耦合电感结构复杂，不利于工业化生产。The output voltage gain of the conventional step-up (Boost) interleaved parallel DC-DC converter is small, and the voltage stress of the power switch tube is relatively large. The recovery current is large, and the reverse recovery loss is large. In recent years, some soft switching circuits have been studied successively, and the soft switching of the power switching tube is realized by adding active power switching tubes and passive inductors, capacitors and other devices or by adding diodes and passive inductors, capacitors and other devices. Although the soft switching circuit can realize the soft switching of the power switching tube, it cannot reduce the voltage stress of the power switching tube, nor does it expand the gain of the converter. There is a method of using switched capacitors to expand the gain of the converter, but this method has an instantaneous current impact, and the number of switched capacitors required to achieve a high output voltage is large and the structure is complicated; there is also a method that uses a three-winding coupled inductor The method realizes the expansion of the gain of the converter, but the structure of the coupled inductor of the method is complicated, which is not conducive to industrial production.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种低输入电流纹波，结构简单且无能量损耗的耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器。The invention provides a coupling inductor with low input current ripple, simple structure and no energy loss to realize high-gain double voltage boost converter.
一种耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器，包括Boost升压电路单元、倍压电路单元和输出电路单元，A coupled inductor realizes a high-gain voltage doubler boost converter, including a Boost booster circuit unit, a voltage doubler circuit unit and an output circuit unit,
变换器中的Boost升压电路单元由两个绕组、两个开关管、两个箝位二极管和一个箝位电容构成，其中：The boost circuit unit in the converter consists of two windings, two switching tubes, two clamping diodes and a clamping capacitor, where:
第一绕组的第一端与第二绕组的第一端及电源的正极相连，第一绕组的第二端与第一开关管的漏极相连，第二绕组的第二端与第二开关管的漏极相连，第一开关管的源极和第二开关管的源极及电源的负极相连，第一箝位二极管的阳极与第一开关管的漏极相连，第二箝位二极管的阳极与第二开关管的漏极相连，第一箝位二极管的阴极和第二箝位二极管的阴极及箝位电容的第一端相连，箝位电容的第二端与电源的负极相连；The first end of the first winding is connected to the first end of the second winding and the positive pole of the power supply, the second end of the first winding is connected to the drain of the first switching tube, and the second end of the second winding is connected to the second switching tube The drain of the first switching tube is connected, the source of the first switching tube is connected to the source of the second switching tube and the negative pole of the power supply, the anode of the first clamping diode is connected to the drain of the first switching tube, and the anode of the second clamping diode Connected to the drain of the second switching tube, the cathode of the first clamping diode is connected to the cathode of the second clamping diode and the first end of the clamping capacitor, and the second end of the clamping capacitor is connected to the negative pole of the power supply;
变换器中的倍压电路单元包括，The voltage doubling circuit unit in the converter includes,
a)第一串联支路，由第三绕组和第四绕组及倍压电容串联构成，其中第一绕组和第三绕组同为一个耦合电感中的两个绕组，第二绕组和第四绕组同为另一个耦合电感中的两个绕组，以第一绕组的第一端和第二绕组的第一端为参照端，第三绕组和第四绕组中的参照端的同名端或异名端相连；a) The first series branch is composed of the third winding, the fourth winding and the voltage doubler capacitor in series, wherein the first winding and the third winding are two windings in a coupled inductor, and the second winding and the fourth winding are the same For two windings in another coupled inductor, with the first end of the first winding and the first end of the second winding as reference ends, the third winding is connected to the end with the same name or the end with the same name as the reference end in the fourth winding;
所述的第一串联支路，第三绕组、第四绕组和倍压电容的位置关系可以互换。The positions of the first series branch, the third winding, the fourth winding and the voltage doubler capacitor can be interchanged.
b)与第一串联支路并联的续流二极管，所述的续流二极管的阳极与箝位电容的第一端相连；b) a freewheeling diode connected in parallel with the first series branch, the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected to the first end of the clamp capacitor;
变换器的输出电路单元中，输出二极管的阳极与续流二极管的阴极相连，输出二极管的阴极与输出电容的第一端相连，输出电容的第二端与电源的负极相连。In the output circuit unit of the converter, the anode of the output diode is connected to the cathode of the freewheeling diode, the cathode of the output diode is connected to the first terminal of the output capacitor, and the second terminal of the output capacitor is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
所述的变换器中的箝位电容的第二端还可以与电源正极相连。The second end of the clamp capacitor in the converter can also be connected to the positive pole of the power supply.
所述的变换器中的箝位电容的第二端还可以与输出电容的第一端相连。The second end of the clamp capacitor in the converter can also be connected to the first end of the output capacitor.
所述的变换器，其第一箝位二极管、第二箝位二极管、续流二极管和输出二极管中的一个或多个改成同步整流管，均能正常工作。In the converter described above, one or more of the first clamping diode, the second clamping diode, the freewheeling diode and the output diode are changed to synchronous rectifiers, and all of them can work normally.
本发明变换器工作时，利用耦合电感的变压器效应实现了变换器增益的拓展，降低了第一开关管、第二开关管、第一箝位二极管和第二箝位二极管的电压应力，使高性能的开关管器件的应用成为可能，从而减小开关管的导通损耗和开关损耗，而相比于高电压应力的二极管，电压应力较低的二极管不仅导通压降更小，而且反向恢复特性更好，进一步减小了变换器的损耗。倍压电路单元的引入进一步提高了电路的增益并降低了器件的电压应力；利用耦合电感的漏感实现了第一开关管和第二开关管的零电流开通；同时利用耦合电感的漏感还实现了续流二极管和输出二极管的软关断；利用第一箝位二极管、第二箝位二极管和箝位电容吸收漏感的能量，使第一开关管和第二开关管关断时无电压尖峰，并且吸收的漏感能量最终传递到负载，实现无损吸收；利用交错控制降低了输入电流的纹波并提高系统的功率等级。When the converter of the present invention is working, the transformer effect of the coupled inductance is used to realize the expansion of the gain of the converter, reduce the voltage stress of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the first clamp diode and the second clamp diode, and make the high The application of switching tube devices with high performance becomes possible, thereby reducing the conduction loss and switching loss of the switch tube. Compared with diodes with high voltage stress, diodes with lower voltage stress not only have smaller conduction voltage drop, but also reverse The recovery characteristic is better, further reducing the loss of the converter. The introduction of the voltage doubler circuit unit further improves the gain of the circuit and reduces the voltage stress of the device; the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is used to realize the zero-current turn-on of the first switch tube and the second switch tube; The soft turn-off of the freewheeling diode and the output diode is realized; the energy of the leakage inductance is absorbed by the first clamping diode, the second clamping diode and the clamping capacitor, so that there is no voltage when the first switching tube and the second switching tube are turned off peak, and the absorbed leakage inductance energy is finally transmitted to the load to achieve lossless absorption; the use of interleaved control reduces the ripple of the input current and improves the power level of the system.
本发明中无需额外的功率开关和电感元件，附件元件少，结构简单，控制方便，电路中无能量损耗元件，可提高升压型交错并联电路的效率，且换流过程中，功率开关管关断时无电压过冲，续流二极管开通时无电流过冲。耦合电感在对应的开关管开通和关断时都传递能量，提高了耦合电感的利用率，降低了耦合电感的体积。In the present invention, there is no need for additional power switches and inductance components, few accessory components, simple structure, convenient control, no energy loss components in the circuit, which can improve the efficiency of the step-up interleaved parallel circuit, and the power switch tube is turned off during the commutation process. There is no voltage overshoot when it is off, and no current overshoot when the freewheeling diode is on. The coupled inductor transfers energy when the corresponding switch tube is turned on and off, which improves the utilization rate of the coupled inductor and reduces the volume of the coupled inductor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器的电路图；Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the high-gain double voltage boost converter realized by the coupling inductor of the present invention;
图2是图1中变换器第二种连接方式的电路图；Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the second connection mode of the converter in Fig. 1;
图3是图1中变换器第三种连接方式的电路图。Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a third connection mode of the converter in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1，本发明的耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器，包括Boost升压电路单元、倍压电路单元和输出电路单元三部分。Referring to FIG. 1 , the coupled inductor of the present invention implements a high-gain voltage doubler boost converter, including three parts: a Boost booster circuit unit, a voltage doubler circuit unit and an output circuit unit.
变换器中的Boost升压电路单元中，第一绕组L1的第一端与第二绕组L2的第一端及电源Vin的正极相连，第一绕组L1的第二端与第一开关管S1的漏极相连，第二绕组L2的第二端与第二开关管S2的漏极相连，第一开关管S1的源极和第二开关管S2的源极及电源Vin的负极相连，第一箝位二极管Dc1的阳极与第一开关管S1的漏极相连，第二箝位二极管Dc2的阳极与第二开关管S2的漏极相连，第一箝位二极管Dc1的阴极和第二箝位二极管Dc2的阴极及箝位电容Cc的第一端相连，箝位电容Cc的第二端与电源Vin的负极相连；In the Boost circuit unit in the converter, the first end of the first winding L1 is connected to the first end of the second winding L2 and the positive pole of the power supply Vin, and the second end of the first winding L1 is connected to the first switch The drain of the tube S1 is connected, the second end of the second winding L2 is connected to the drain of the second switching tube S2 , the source of the first switching tube S1 and the source of the second switching tube S2 and the power supply The cathode of Vin is connected, the anode of the first clamping diode Dc1 is connected to the drain of the first switch S1 , the anode of the second clamping diode Dc2 is connected to the drain of the second switch S2 , and the first clamp The cathode of the clamping diode Dc 1 is connected to the cathode of the second clamping diode Dc 2 and the first end of the clamping capacitor Cc, and the second end of the clamping capacitor Cc is connected to the negative pole of the power supply Vin;
变换器中的倍压电路单元包括，The voltage doubling circuit unit in the converter includes,
a)第一串联支路，由第三绕组L3和第四绕组L4及倍压电容Cm串联构成，其中第一绕组L1和第三绕组L3同为一个耦合电感中的两个绕组，第二绕组L2和第四绕组L4同为另一个耦合电感中的两个绕组，以第一绕组L1的第一端和第二绕组L2的第一端为参照端，第三绕组L3和第四绕组L4中的参照端的异名端相连；图中由“ο”标记了第一绕组L1和第三绕组L3的同名端，由“＊”标记了第二绕组L2和第四绕组L4的同名端。a) The first series branch is composed of the third winding L3 , the fourth winding L4 and the voltage doubler capacitor Cm in series, wherein the first winding L1 and the third winding L3 are both two windings in a coupled inductor , the second winding L 2 and the fourth winding L 4 are two windings in another coupled inductor, with the first end of the first winding L 1 and the first end of the second winding L 2 as reference ends, the third The winding L3 and the opposite end of the reference end in the fourth winding L4 are connected; the end of the first winding L1 and the third winding L3 with the same name are marked by "o" in the figure, and the second winding is marked by "*" L2 and the eponymous end of the fourth winding L4 .
b)与第一串联支路并联的续流二极管Dr，所述的续流二极管Dr的阳极与箝位电容Cc的第一端相连；b) a freewheeling diode Dr connected in parallel with the first series branch, the anode of the freewheeling diode Dr is connected to the first end of the clamping capacitor Cc;
变换器中的输出电路单元中，输出二极管Do的阳极与续流二极管Dr的阴极相连，输出二极管Do的阴极与输出电容Co的第一端相连，输出电容Co的第二端与电源Vin的负极相连。In the output circuit unit in the converter, the anode of the output diode Do is connected to the cathode of the freewheeling diode Dr, the cathode of the output diode Do is connected to the first end of the output capacitor Co, and the second end of the output capacitor Co is connected to the negative pole of the power supply Vin connected.
输出电容Co的电压为Vout，能量最终传递给负载Ro。The voltage of the output capacitor Co is Vout, and the energy is finally transferred to the load Ro.
参见图2，变换器存在第二种连接方式，与图1中电路不同之处在于，箝位电容Cc的第二端与电源Vin正极相连。Referring to FIG. 2 , there is a second connection mode for the converter, which is different from the circuit in FIG. 1 in that the second end of the clamping capacitor Cc is connected to the positive pole of the power supply Vin.
参见图3，变换器存在第三种连接方式，与图1中电路不同之处在于，箝位电容Cc的第二端还可以与输出电容Co的第一端相连。Referring to FIG. 3 , there is a third connection mode for the converter, which is different from the circuit in FIG. 1 in that the second terminal of the clamping capacitor Cc can also be connected to the first terminal of the output capacitor Co.
耦合电感实现高增益倍压升压型变换器在一个开关周期内有八种工作过程，图1～图3中的变换器的工作过程大体相同，即第一开关管S1关断与第一箝位二极管Dc1开通之间的换流；输出二极管Do导通过程；第一箝位二极管Dc1关断过程；输出二极管Do关断与第一开关管S1开通之间的换流过程；第二开关管S2关断与第二箝位二极管Dc2开通之间的换流；续流二极管Dr导通过程；第二箝位二极管Dc2关断过程；续流二极管Dr关断与第二开关管S2开通之间的换流过程。Coupled inductors realize high-gain voltage doubler step-up converter. There are eight working processes in one switching cycle. The working processes of the converters in Figures 1 to 3 are roughly the same, that is, the first switching tube S The commutation between the opening of the clamping diode Dc 1 ; the conducting process of the output diode Do ; the turning off process of the first clamping diode Dc 1 ; the commutation process between the turning off of the output diode Do and the turning on of the first switching tube S 1 ; The commutation between the turn-off of the second switch tube S2 and the turn-on of the second clamping diode Dc2 ; the conduction process of the freewheeling diode Dr; the turnoff process of the second clamping diode Dc2 ; The commutation process between the opening of the two switching tubes S 2 .
第一开关管S1关断与第一箝位二极管Dc1开通之间的换流：The commutation between the first switching tube S1 being turned off and the first clamping diode Dc1 being turned on:
换流前，电路处于第一开关管S1、第二开关管S2导通，第一箝位二极管Dc1、第二箝位二极管Dc2关断，续流二极管Dr关断，输出二极管Do关断的稳定工作状态。当第一开关管S1关断时，第一开关管S1上电压迅速上升、第一箝位二极管Dc1两端的电压迅速下降至零，第一箝位二极管Dc1开通，由于箝位电容Cc的作用，第一开关管S1两端的电压被箝位为一定电压值，实现了第一开关管S1的软箝位关断。Before commutation, the circuit is in the state where the first switch tube S 1 and the second switch tube S 2 are turned on, the first clamping diode Dc 1 and the second clamping diode Dc 2 are turned off, the freewheeling diode Dr is turned off, and the output diode Do Shutdown for steady state operation. When the first switch tube S1 is turned off, the voltage on the first switch tube S1 rises rapidly, the voltage across the first clamping diode Dc1 drops to zero quickly, and the first clamping diode Dc1 is turned on. With the function of Cc, the voltage at both ends of the first switching tube S1 is clamped to a certain voltage value, realizing the soft clamping turn-off of the first switching tube S1 .
输出二极管Do导通过程：Output diode Do conduction process:
第一箝位二极管Dc1开通后，箝位电容Cc上的电压从一定值以一定斜率线性上升，输出二极管Do两端的电压线性下降到零，输出二极管Do开通，能量开始从倍压电容Cm和耦合电感中转移到负载Ro。电路进入第一开关管S1关断，第一箝位二极管Dc1导通，输出二极管Do导通的稳定工作状态。After the first clamping diode Dc 1 is turned on, the voltage on the clamping capacitor Cc rises linearly from a certain value with a certain slope, the voltage across the output diode Do drops linearly to zero, the output diode Do turns on, and the energy begins to flow from the voltage doubler capacitor Cm and The coupled inductor is transferred to the load Ro. The circuit enters into a stable working state in which the first switching tube S 1 is turned off, the first clamping diode Dc 1 is turned on, and the output diode Do is turned on.
第一箝位二极管Dc1关断过程：The turn-off process of the first clamping diode Dc 1 :
输出二极管Do导通后，第一箝位二极管Dc1上的电流以一定的斜率线性下降，当第一箝位二极管Dc1上的电流下降到零时，第一箝位二极管Dc1自然关断，能量从箝位电容Cc、倍压电容Cm和耦合电感中转移到负载Ro。电路进入第一开关管S1关断，第一箝位二极管Dc1关断，输出二极管Do导通的稳定工作状态。After the output diode Do is turned on, the current on the first clamping diode Dc 1 decreases linearly with a certain slope, and when the current on the first clamping diode Dc 1 drops to zero, the first clamping diode Dc 1 is naturally turned off , energy is transferred from the clamp capacitor Cc, the voltage doubler capacitor Cm and the coupled inductor to the load Ro. The circuit enters into a stable working state in which the first switching tube S 1 is turned off, the first clamping diode Dc 1 is turned off, and the output diode Do is turned on.
输出二极管Do关断与第一开关管S1开通之间的换流过程：The commutation process between the output diode Do being turned off and the first switching tube S1 being turned on:
第一开关管S1的门极信号给出，第一开关管S1的电流从零以一定斜率线性上升，实现了第一开关管S1的零电流开通，输出二极管Do的电流以一定的斜率线性下降，当输出二极管Do的电流下降到零时，输出二极管Do关断，实现了输出二极管Do关断与第一开关管S1开通之间的换流，减小了输出二极管Do导致的反向恢复损耗。The gate signal of the first switching tube S1 is given, the current of the first switching tube S1 rises linearly from zero with a certain slope, and the zero-current turn-on of the first switching tube S1 is realized, and the current of the output diode Do increases at a certain rate. The slope decreases linearly. When the current of the output diode Do drops to zero, the output diode Do is turned off, realizing the commutation between the turn-off of the output diode Do and the turn-on of the first switch tube S1 , reducing the loss caused by the output diode Do reverse recovery loss.
第二开关管S2关断与第二箝位二极管Dc2开通之间的换流：The commutation between the second switching tube S2 being turned off and the second clamping diode Dc2 being turned on:
由于电路的对称性，该过程与第一开关管S1关断与第一箝位二极管Dc1开通之间的换流过程相似，之后电路处于第二开关管S2关断，第二箝位二极管Dc2导通的工作状态。Due to the symmetry of the circuit, this process is similar to the commutation process between the first switch tube S1 being turned off and the first clamping diode Dc1 being turned on, and then the circuit is in the second switch tube S2 off, the second clamping diode Dc1 The working state in which the diode Dc 2 is turned on.
续流二极管Dr导通过程：The conduction process of the freewheeling diode Dr:
第箝位二极管Dc2开通后，箝位电容Cc上的电压从一定值以一定斜率线性上升，续流二极管Dr两端的电压线性下降到零，续流二极管Dr开通，能量开始转移到倍压电容Cm。电路进入第二开关管S2关断，第二箝位二极管Dc2导通，续流二极管Dr导通的稳定工作状态。After the first clamping diode Dc2 is turned on, the voltage on the clamping capacitor Cc rises linearly from a certain value with a certain slope, the voltage across the freewheeling diode Dr drops linearly to zero, the freewheeling diode Dr is turned on, and the energy begins to transfer to the voltage doubler capacitor Cm. The circuit enters into a stable working state where the second switching tube S2 is turned off, the second clamping diode Dc2 is turned on, and the freewheeling diode Dr is turned on.
第二箝位二极管Dc2关断过程：The turn-off process of the second clamping diode Dc 2 :
续流二极管Dr导通后，第二箝位二极管Dc2上的电流以一定的斜率线性下降，当第二箝位二极管Dc2上的电流下降到零时，第二箝位二极管Dc2自然关断。电路进入第二开关管S2关断，第二箝位二极管Dc2关断，续流二极管Dr导通的稳定工作状态。After the freewheeling diode Dr is turned on, the current on the second clamping diode Dc2 drops linearly with a certain slope, and when the current on the second clamping diode Dc2 drops to zero, the second clamping diode Dc2 turns off naturally broken. The circuit enters into a stable working state where the second switching tube S2 is turned off, the second clamping diode Dc2 is turned off, and the freewheeling diode Dr is turned on.
续流二极管Dr关断与第二开关管S2开通之间的换流过程：The commutation process between the turn-off of the freewheeling diode Dr and the turn-on of the second switch tube S2 :
第二开关管S2的门极信号给出，第二开关管S2的电流从零以一定斜率线性上升，实现了第二开关管S2的零电流开通，续流二极管Dr的电流以一定的斜率线性下降，当续流二极管Dr的电流下降到零时，续流二极管Dr关断，实现了续流二极管Dr关断与第二开关管S2开通之间的换流，减小了续流二极管Dr导致的反向恢复损耗。The gate signal of the second switching tube S2 is given, and the current of the second switching tube S2 rises linearly from zero with a certain slope, realizing the zero-current opening of the second switching tube S2 , and the current of the freewheeling diode Dr increases at a certain rate. The slope of the freewheeling diode Dr drops linearly. When the current of the freewheeling diode Dr drops to zero, the freewheeling diode Dr is turned off, realizing the commutation between the freewheeling diode Dr being turned off and the second switch tube S2 being turned on, reducing the continuous current The reverse recovery loss caused by the current diode Dr.
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| CN101714815A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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