A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace
Technical field
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace relates to a kind of copper nickel (comprising cu-ni sulphide ore, half oxide ore, oxide ore) pyrogenic process that is used for and extracts copper nickel side-blowing bath smelting furnace.
Background technology
At present, thermal process occupies the overwhelming majority in the production of copper nickel.Along with the development of copper nickel pyrogenic process extraction process, traditional blast furnace, reverberatory furnace, ore-smelting electric furnace are eliminated by pottery.The stove of various intensified smeltings arises at the historic moment, and progressively improves and development.Mitsubishi process stove, Chinese mugwort Sa stove and Ao Simaite stove that top blast is arranged in bath smelting; Bottom blowing QLS stove, SKS stove arranged; Side-blown noranda furnace, silver stove, Wa Niukefu stove arranged.By country's evaluation, also belonged to the side-blown scope by production technology that State Intellectual Property Office on June 3rd, 2009, metallurgical furnace that authorize, patent No. ZL200820135242.1 utility model patent formed by expert appraisal group called after " Jin Fenglu ".And double oxide ore and oxide ore processing procedure, above-mentioned the whole bag of tricks is all incompatible, and can only adopt coke is the Blast Furnace Method of fuel and reducing agent.
The patent No. is that the metallurgical furnace of ZL200820135242.1 utility model is rectangle, and whole body of heater is divided into melting reaction district and electric furnace district along its length.Comprise from short transverse metallurgical furnace structure: furnace foundation, refractory material furnace bottom, cupola well, metallurgical furnace reaction zone lower furnace portion, upper furnace, furnace roof; Lower furnace portion is whole to surround seat on refractory lined cupola well wall with the two sections Copper Water Jacket, and two sections Copper Water Jackets are upper furnace with top, and its wall is built by laying bricks or stones with refractory material entirely, up to furnace roof; Furnace roof is made up of several water jackets of following lining refractories, leaves charge door on the furnace roof water jacket, is set up in the upper surface of upper furnace side wall, and the headwall in close electric furnace district leaves floss hole for one section; The compound barricade that smelting zone and electric furnace district are made up of water jacket and refractory material separates.Become several square metres passage, smelting zone and electric furnace district are fused by passage; It more than the compound barricade headwall under the flue; Three in electric furnace district is with being built into refractory material, and furnace roof is sealed with the water jacket that is lined with refractory material, leaves electrode hole and ullage port on the water jacket; Graphite electrode inserts from electrode hole in the molten bath, and electrode joins by controlling device, short net and power supply, and the lift adjustment of electrode is finished by tired raising by steel wire rope; Furnace bottom leaves 2% the gradient from electric furnace district headwall to the copper matte regulus discharge port, and the copper matte regulus outlet is lower than headwall place, electric furnace district, and the electric furnace district only establishes slag tap and safety mouth.
This metallurgical furnace is owing to make copper reaction, also will finish separating of slag and copper matte regulus in cupola well except finishing slag making in the smelting zone, thereby cupola well is darker.For the bigger factory of scale, hour handle 45 tons/h-110 of copper-nickel concentrate ton/h, the sulfur-bearing iron content is higher, it is better that the higher concentrate adaptability of the course of reaction self-heating degree of sulfonium is made in slag making.But to handle half lower oxide ore of sulfur-bearing, not oxide ore, the reaction needed of sulfur-bearing the heat overwhelming majority or all rely on fuel to supply with this metallurgical furnace to be difficult to guarantee the stable and direct motion of producing.For the smeltery of middle and small scale,, per hour handle concentrate at 20 tons-45 tons, this metallurgical furnace in addition though also be to be raw material with the sulphide ore.Especially blow-on operation complexity, need the attached facility that helps, incompatible requirement of producing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is exactly the deficiency that exists at above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of and can effectively reduce heat loss, the stove Heat stability is good, the smelting efficiency height, loss SO2 is few, effectively reduces the harm of free sulfur; And reduce production facility and production link and simplify the blow-on program, can effectively handle the copper nickel smelting furnace of half oxide ore and oxide ore.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace, its structure comprises furnace foundation, refractory material furnace bottom, have cooling jacket the body of heater headwall and the body of heater side wall that are built into by fire-resistant firebrick and refractory material, be positioned at the cooling jacket on the body of wall, air vent, the inside end wall that is positioned at body of heater cavity inboard, the furnace roof that is positioned at inner top, the charge door of being located at furnace roof that is provided with by the furnace wall body, the flue that is positioned at inside end wall one side upper end; It is characterized in that:
(1) whole stove has smelting zone and electric furnace district two parts to form a whole: on the inside end wall and the furnace roof between the headwall of body of heater tail end, run through being fixed with graphite electrode;
(2) cooling jacket that is positioned on the side wall body of smelting zone is two-layer, and the upper end sidewall of cooling jacket is a refractory brickwork; Be provided with ventilating opening on the body of wall of lower floor's cooling jacket, the refractory brickwork on the top of Copper Water Jacket is provided with overfiren air port;
(3) two ends within the walls side be provided with refractory masses;
(4) whole bottom refractory is stepped along its length, and electric furnace district part furnace bottom is lower than smelting zone part furnace bottom, guarantees that slag and copper matte regulus or copper are finished in the electric furnace district to separate.
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace of the present utility model is specially adapted to handle half oxide ore and oxide ore, provides a kind of for the middle-size and small-size smeltery that handles sulphide ore and can effectively reduce heat loss, the stove Heat stability is good, the smelting efficiency height, loss SO2 is few, effectively reduces the harm of free sulfur; , and reduce production facility and production link, simplify the blow-on program; Effectively handle a kind of novel furnace in half oxide ore and oxygen ore deposit, make the metallurgical furnace of handling such ore deposit from only being fuel and reducing agent high energy consumption, expensive a kind of selection of blast furnace with the coke, become and use the bath smelting of raw coal as fuel and reducing agent, production cost reduces greatly.
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace of the present utility model is a fuel with raw coal or coke powder, natural gas, can handle the copper nickel of various types of shape.Bed ability 55-100T/m2.d, when being raw material with the sulphide ore, SO
2Concentration Gao Keda 18%-30%; Cupric 45-60% is adjustable in the copper matte regulus, and the slag cupric is below 0.5% when copper matte regulus cupric 50-60%.This stove direct recovery rate 97%.Also output matte or blister copper when being raw material with half oxide ore or oxide ore, the slag cupric also can be controlled 0.5%-0.6%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace, its structure comprises furnace foundation 1, the stepped furnace bottom 2 of refractory material, the smelting zone inside end wall is built fire proofed wood 3, the smelting zone upper side, headwall refractory material 4, side wall bottom, smelting zone is provided with two-layer Copper Water Jacket 5, the air vent 6 that is provided with on the side wall Copper Water Jacket, be positioned at the furnace roof 7 of top, smelting zone, be located at the charging aperture 8 on the furnace roof, be positioned at the uptake flue 9 of smelting zone furnace roof one end, smelting zone headwall water jacket 10, put matte (or copper) mouth 11, side wall top, smelting zone is built refractory material and partly is provided with secondary intake opening 12, electrode 13, electric furnace furnace roof 14, slag tap 15, electric furnace district headwall 16, safety mouth 17, observation panel 18.
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace, its structure comprise furnace foundation, the stepped furnace bottom of refractory material, have body of heater headwall and body of heater side wall cooling jacket and that be built into by refractory material, be positioned on the cooling jacket of body of heater side wall bottom and top refractory material side wall is provided with two rows wind pushing hole, headwall and side wall top and is stamped composite and makes on furnace roof, the furnace roof and have charge door; Leave flue at headwall one end that is in the middle smelting zone in smelting zone and electric furnace district; A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace integral body stove that is rectangle divides two zones along its length: melting reaction district and electric furnace district, and two parts form a whole; The melting reaction district is along the short transverse branch: crucible zone, burner hearth district, (comprising upper furnace and lower furnace portion), furnace roof;
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace electric furnace district of the present utility model and melting reaction district fuse, and the electric furnace district adopts the alternating current heating.Establish the two rows air port on the melting reaction district side wall, following exhaust outlet places on the upright water jacket of lower floor.During production, send into concentrate, flux and coal from charge door, exhaust outlet is imbedded and is sent into the chemical reaction that the high concentration oxygen enrichment carries out material and fuel in the molten bath under the duty, and last exhaust outlet places on the wall of refractory material furnace side, and sending into air conditioning output flue gas during work is the oxygen excess state.The electric furnace district finishes separating of slag and copper matte regulus, and slag and copper matte regulus are emitted from cinder notch and copper matte regulus (or copper) siphon port be located on the electric furnace district furnace wall respectively.
Its cupola well: the top body chest of a no upper wall is made with steel in the cupola well outside, and the cupola well of smelting zone and electric furnace district place in the square chest jointly.The composite arch that smelting zone cupola well and electric furnace district are made up of water jacket and refractory material at interval, composite arch has headwall under the flue of smelting zone with the seat of honour.Whole bottom refractory length direction is stepped, and electric furnace district part furnace bottom is than the low 500mm-800mm of smelting zone part furnace bottom, and the assurance slag is finished in the electric furnace district with copper matte regulus (or copper) and separated.
Whole furnace bottom cross section becomes the antiarch shape.Stepped on the length direction, from the angle of burner headwall bottom in smelting zone to step furnace bottom plane horizontal by the 1-3 degree, leave composite arch and leave certain distance, guarantee that slag and copper matte regulus (or copper) that reaction generates enter the electric furnace district smoothly at the step place.The height of step is decided according to what and the tenor of handling the ore deposit.Step is following not to stay the gradient to the electric furnace headwall.
Antiarch and composite arch and cupola well both walls form nearly several square metres passage, and slag and matte (or copper) enter the electric furnace district thus and carry out sedimentation separation.The siphon port that headwall and side wall in the electric furnace district is respectively equipped with slag tap, safety mouth and puts copper matte regulus (or copper).
Cupola well is above for surrounding with Copper Water Jacket entirely around Lu Tang, the Lu Tang bottom, the two side Copper Water Jacket divides two sections, hypomere is made up of the upright Copper Water Jacket of several piece, every water jacket is provided with the preformed hole of unified size, chew by being loaded in the preformed hole and being fixed on this water jacket in special air port, and external threeway, branch wind pipe, blast main form complete stove oxygen system.The epimere Copper Water Jacket is made up of the oblique water jacket that quantity and upright water jacket equate.Tiltedly water jacket lower edge and straight water jacket upper edge join.
Be fixed into an integral body by the outer steel construction of stove between the straight water jacket of monolithic and straight water jacket, oblique water jacket and oblique water jacket, straight water jacket and the oblique water jacket, direct on cupola well side wall refractory material.For in conjunction with the layer of copper water jacket that tiled on the tight cupola well side wall refractory material, found block water jacket and put at par.
Headwall is vertical up and down, interior block refractory material.
Tiltedly the water jacket upper edge above water claims upper furnace, surveys the wall headwall and all builds refractory material up to bell.The upper furnace headwall is vertical.The side wall inner surface tilts, and the side wall inner surface tilts, the oblique water jacket basically identical of angle of inclination fundamental sum (to horizontal plane angle 75-80 degree).Upper furnace both sides side wall all is embedded with some secondary air channels.Establish observation panel on the one end headwall.
Furnace roof: furnace roof is made up of the water jacket of some inner lining refractories, has several charging apertures on the water jacket, and it is flue that furnace roof one end is established exhanst gas outlet.Flue and furnace roof water jacket meet the place, boundary and establish the grey water jacket of retaining.
The electric furnace district: the preceding furnace bottom of having addressed is the antiarch shape, is respectively equipped with slag tap, safety mouthful and siphon and puts copper matte regulus (copper) mouthful on the headwall in electric furnace district and side wall.Its excess-three face is built by laying bricks or stones with refractory material entirely.Furnace roof is sealed with the water jacket that is lined with refractory material, leaves electrode hole and ullage port on the water jacket.Graphite electrode inserts in the molten bath from electrode hole.Electrode joins by controlling device, short net and power supply.The lift adjustment of electrode is finished by tired raising by steel wire rope.
A kind of copper nickel smelting furnace of the present utility model, the electric furnace district adopts the alternating current heating; Smelting furnace reaction zone side wall is established the two rows air port.Following exhaust outlet places on the upright water jacket of lower floor, and duty is imbedded the molten bath and sent into the chemical reaction that the high concentration oxygen enrichment carries out material and fuel, and last exhaust outlet places on the wall of refractory material furnace side, and the flue gas of sending into low-pressure air adjusting output during work is the oxygen excess state.The slag that output is finished in reaction enters the electric furnace district with copper matte regulus and finishes separating of copper matte regulus and slag, and copper matte regulus is discharged from the copper matte regulus siphon port, and slag is discharged from cinder notch.
During production, replenishing a small amount of raw coal, coke powder or natural gas when handling sulphide ore is fuel, and the bed ability can reach 55-100 ton/d, SO2 concentration 18%-30%, day operating rate 99%100%.Not being both the high concentration oxygen enrichment with other side-blown as silver method and Noranda process, to send into the slag blanket operating temperature high 1250 ℃-1300 ℃, high temperature position dependence water jacket dross, and the stove life-span can reach 2-3.Slag Fe3O4 content 3%-4%, thereby the slag cupric is lower.The slag cupric is below 0.6% during 50%-60% matte grade.This stove direct recovery rate is more than 97%.This smelting furnace have environmental protection, energy-conservation, the consumption reduction distinguishing feature.It is high slightly to add fuel raw coal ratio when handling half oxide ore, and smelted product still is matte and slag.Its thermal source all derives from fuel raw coal, fuel rate 8%-9% when material handling is oxide ore.Smelted product is blister copper and slag.Slag cupric 0.5%-0.6%.