CN201284691Y - 一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置 - Google Patents

一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置 Download PDF

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CN201284691Y
CN201284691Y CNU2008201864044U CN200820186404U CN201284691Y CN 201284691 Y CN201284691 Y CN 201284691Y CN U2008201864044 U CNU2008201864044 U CN U2008201864044U CN 200820186404 U CN200820186404 U CN 200820186404U CN 201284691 Y CN201284691 Y CN 201284691Y
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heater
gasification
diesel engine
chimney
solid biomass
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王家俊
马仁贵
陈枫
李家明
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Hefei Tianyan Biomass Technology Co. Ltd.
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HEFEI TIANYAN EXPLOITATION OF GREEN ENERGY SOURCES CO Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置，是在板车上集成有气化炉A、燃气净化系统以及柴油机B和水泵C，气化炉A以空气为气化剂将固体生物质转化为可燃气体经净化处理后驱动柴油机进而拖动水泵抽水灌溉。本装置为一次性加料、出渣间歇式操作，利用农民房前屋后树枝叉及农作物秸秆为原料产生动力以替代柴油，装置移动灵活，操作简单，应用方便，是保证农业灌溉的理想装置。

Description

一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置
一、技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种农用抽水灌溉装置，特别涉及柴油机抽水灌溉装置。确切地说是一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置。
二、背景技术
农用灌溉多使用柴油机拖动水泵。因为小型用电设备大多远离电源，采用远距离的低压输送，既不安全(时有漏电事故发生)，也不经济(线路损失大)；另一方面如不能及时抽水灌溉，既误农时，又影响产量，更会减少农民的收入。但是随着世界范围内的石油价格大幅度飙升，柴油供应已日益紧缺，难以保证，同时因柴油提价而增加农民种田的成本，进而导致粮食价格攀升。
三、发明内容
本实用新型旨在提供一种农用抽水灌溉装置，所要解决的技术问题是用固体生物质转化的可燃气替代柴油驱动柴油机进而拖动水泵。
本实用新型的构思是将固体生物质的能源转化系统(气化炉)、净化系统(过滤除尘、除碳)与柴油机和水泵集成在一个可移动的平台上。对农村而言，最简单、可行的平台就是带有四条活动支架的平板车(下简称板车)。
本装置的技术方案是在板车上集成有气化炉A、燃气净化装置以及柴油机B和水泵C，燃气净化、柴油机和水泵都是公众熟知的现有技术的一部分，所以本装置的特点就在于气化炉A及其相互连接关系。
本气化炉A称下吸式固体生物质气化炉A，包括三层套筒组成的炉体1和伸缩式烟囱14，炉体1上端有封盖2和活动式空气分布器3，其下端连接有灰渣室4，灰渣室4上有密封门19；炉体1最内层是炉膛5，为固体生物质转化场所，即转化为可燃气，炉膛5内壁衬有耐火保温层6，其外壁设置有肋片7，炉膛5与灰渣室4之间有炉排8。肋片7还有提高传热能力和增强刚度及引导燃气的作用。
中间层为燃气通道，燃气自下而上流动，在肋片7的导引作用下使紊流变成层流，有利于灰渣颗粒的沉降，故称中间层为沉降室9，沉降室9上部设置有燃气出口10。
最外层为气化剂一空气通道，空气低进高出，在此被预热以提高气化反应温度，故称预热室11，所谓低进高出就是空气自预热室11的底部进口12进入，所谓高出就是预热的空气经开在炉膛5上端的进口13离开预热室11经过空气分布器3进入炉膛5。空气分布器3是可拆卸的，以方便装料。
燃气出口10与伸缩式烟囱14连通，烟囱14连接在过滤器15上，过滤器15同水封防爆箱16一起串联在柴油机的内燃机上。烟囱14上设置有烟气调节阀17和旁路试火阀18。伸缩式烟囱14只在气化炉启动时伸展抽风，起鼓风机作用。
本气化炉以块状的固体生物质(木块、秸秆压块、木炭等，粒径5～10cm)为原料，一次性装填入炉，气化剂(空气)经预热室11预热升温后进入气化炉炉膛5与固体生物质进行氧化还原反应，并伴有催化裂解反应；气化产生的粗燃气经灰渣层初步过滤降温后由炉排8进入灰渣室4和沉降室9，燃气中的飞灰大部分被分离。经初步净化后的燃气在过滤器15内被进一步过滤和吸附，大部分灰尘粒子和焦油粒子被去除；最后燃气通过水封箱16得到进一步洗涤净化。经过多级净化后的燃气进入柴油机B气缸燃烧，推动活塞、连杆、曲轴运转，同时拖动水泵C抽水作业。
本装置为一次性加料、出渣的间歇式操作，气化床层稳定、分明、灰渣层为第一道净化过滤器；采用底火反烧下吸式气化工艺，使燃气中的焦油粒子大部分在炉内被催化裂解，以提高燃气质量。本装置利用燃气显热预热空气，有利于提高反应温度和燃气质量；采用多级净化工艺，使燃气充分净化，从而提高内燃机工作的可靠性，进而保证抽水机运作的可靠性。
本发明是利用农民房前屋后的自产的树枝叉及农作物秸秆(需增密成型)为原料产生动力，且装置移动灵活，操作简单，应用方便，是保证农业灌溉的理想装置之一。
四、附图说明
图1是本装置的结构示意图，A为气化炉，B为柴油机，C为水泵，过滤器15和水封防爆箱16构成燃气净化系统。
图2是图1的俯视图。
图3是气化炉A的结构示意图。
五、具体实施方式
打开气化炉的封盖2和密封门19，同时卸下分布器3，投入刨花、豆秸、枝杈等易燃点火材料约20cm厚，投入火种，待引燃点火材料后，投放较小粒径的劈柴、破碎的秸秆压块约10cm厚，待有浓烟溢出炉口后再陆续投入破碎的木柴、秸秆压块等气化原料(尽可能密实)至进气口13；然后装上分布器3、关闭密封门19和封盖2，同时打开阀门17，并将烟囱升到最高位置；由于烟囱的抽力，气化必需的气化剂—空气由气化炉空气进口12入预热室11；气化起始阶段，不合格烟气由烟囱14排出；待浓烟过后，调小阀门17，使部分烟气旁路试火阀18排出点火试火，待正常着火后，关闭阀门17，起动柴油机B，同时向水泵C灌注引水；待柴油机稳定运行后，打开水泵出水阀，至此，抽水机组开始正常工作。
当炉内物料气化完后，柴油机会自动停机，若须继续抽水作业，仅须打开气化炉封盖2，投入气化物料、关闭封盖2，开启阀门17和试火阀18，着火后，启动柴油机。因炉膛温度较高，系统很快启动。

Claims (1)

1、一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置，是在带有四条活动支架的平板车上集成有气化炉A、燃气净化系统以及柴油机B和水泵C，其特征在于：所述的气化炉A包括三层套筒式炉体(1)和伸缩式烟囱(14)，炉体(1)上端有封盖(2)和活动式空气分布器(3)，其下端连接有灰渣室(4)，灰渣室(4)上有密封门(19)；炉体(1)最内层为炉膛(5)，其内壁衬有耐火保温层(6)，其外壁设置有肋片(7)，其与灰渣室(4)之间有炉排(8)；炉体(1)中间层为沉降室(9)，其上部有燃气出口(10)；炉体(1)最外层为预热室(11)，其底部有空气进口(12)，其上端有空气出口(13)；燃气出口(10)和伸缩式烟囱(14)连通，烟囱(14)连接在过滤器(15)上，过滤器(15)同水封防爆箱(16)一起串联在柴油机的内燃机上；烟囱(14)上设置有烟气调节阀(17)和旁路试火阀(18)。
CNU2008201864044U 2008-10-27 2008-10-27 一种移动式固体生物质气化抽水装置 Expired - Fee Related CN201284691Y (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102786969A (zh) * 2012-08-07 2012-11-21 宁开敏 高效应用生物质燃料生成可燃性气体的发生装置
CN107384482A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2017-11-24 河北国腾众创信息科技有限公司 一种用于集体供燃气的节能环保气化炉

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102786969A (zh) * 2012-08-07 2012-11-21 宁开敏 高效应用生物质燃料生成可燃性气体的发生装置
CN107384482A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2017-11-24 河北国腾众创信息科技有限公司 一种用于集体供燃气的节能环保气化炉
CN107384482B (zh) * 2017-09-07 2023-07-25 河北国腾众创信息科技有限公司 一种用于集体供燃气的节能环保气化炉

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