CN201281522Y - 氧气自增压空分装置 - Google Patents

氧气自增压空分装置 Download PDF

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CN201281522Y
CN201281522Y CNU2008200416021U CN200820041602U CN201281522Y CN 201281522 Y CN201281522 Y CN 201281522Y CN U2008200416021 U CNU2008200416021 U CN U2008200416021U CN 200820041602 U CN200820041602 U CN 200820041602U CN 201281522 Y CN201281522 Y CN 201281522Y
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air
oxygen
separation unit
liquid
air separation
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俞士良
胡玖益
张小元
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SUZHOU OXYGEN PLANT CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种氧气自增压空分装置，包括将外部空气进行压缩的空气压缩机、对空气压缩机输出的空气进行净化的分子筛纯化装置、对经过净化的空气进行膨胀制冷的增压透平膨胀装置、将经过增压透平膨胀装置的空气分离成氧和氮的精馏塔以及供空分装置中的气体进行热交换的换热器，所述精馏塔包括上塔和下塔，所述上塔底部设有主冷凝蒸发器，所述空分装置还包括将经过分子筛纯化装置净化的空气以及由精馏塔分离出来的液氧分别冷凝蒸发成液空和氧气的辅助冷凝蒸发器，所述辅助冷凝蒸发器低于主冷凝蒸发器设置。本实用新型不但满足了用户对产品氮气的需求，而且生产出空分副产品富氧气，其压力、纯度均可满足重油助燃之需，降低了玻璃生产成本。

Description

氧气自增压空分装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种空气分离设备，尤其涉及一种氧气自增压空分设备。
背景技术
空气分离设备被广泛的应用于石油、化工、建材、冶金及环保等领域。其中氧气作为助燃剂，更是且有不可替代的作用。
在玻璃生产线上，绝大部分浮法玻璃熔窑采用重油加热后用压缩空气雾化送入窑内燃烧熔化原料，用空分设备制取的氮气作锡槽保护气。
为保证重油燃烧充分需加入大量助燃风，但普通空气中78％为氮气，不能参与燃烧，只能作烟气排放，还带走部分热量，降低了热效率。而空分设备在生产氮气的同时，也获得副产品氧气或富氧。氧气是一种助燃剂，可以利用氧气这一特性，将空分设备制取的副产品送入熔窑内助燃，节能降耗。利用氧气助燃一方面可提高火焰温度、加快燃料燃烧速度，节约燃料；另一方面还可减少烟气排放量，提高燃料热利用率，节约能源，保护环境。
但是以往为浮法线配备的空分设备其氧气或富氧压力只有0.03MPa(表压，下同)，加上管道压力损失，送入熔窑氧气压力只有0.02MPa。喷氧量不好调节，喷氧枪不容易控制，若伸入太深，因窑内温度高，有烧枪的危险；收回多又会损伤池壁。最有效的办法是提高氧气压力，而且氧气压力不需太高，只要使氧气压力维持在0.15MPa左右即可。同时含氧增加可使节能效果更佳，实验证明，95％含氧量的富氧有最大的经济优越性，其原因是氧含量降低将使燃料成本上升，氧含量提高将使氧气提取率下降，制氧成本增加。
发明内容
本实用新型目的是提供一种氧气自增压空分设备，可同时生产供玻璃生产线锡槽作保护气的高纯氮气、供助燃的压力为0.15MPa左右的富氧气的空分设备，氧气压力增加不需采用液氧泵或氧压机，而是利用液氧自身的液柱静压力，使氧气压力升高。其不但满足了用户对产品氮气的需求，而且生产出空分副产品富氧气，其压力、纯度均可满足重油助燃之需，节省了用户的一次性投资，大幅降低了玻璃生产成本，为用户创造了更高收益。
本实用新型的技术方案是：一种氧气自增压空分装置，包括将外部空气进行压缩的空气压缩机、对空气压缩机输出的空气进行净化的分子筛纯化装置、对经过净化的空气进行膨胀制冷的增压透平膨胀装置、将经过增压透平膨胀装置的空气分离成氧和氮的精馏塔以及供空分装置中的气体进行热交换的换热器，所述精馏塔包括上塔和下塔，所述上塔底部设有主冷凝蒸发器，所述空分装置还包括将经过分子筛纯化装置净化的空气以及由精馏塔分离出来的液氧分别冷凝蒸发成液空和氧气的辅助冷凝蒸发器，所述辅助冷凝蒸发器低于主冷凝蒸发器设置，辅助冷凝蒸发器的液空输出端与下塔连通。
本实用新型进一步的技术方案是：一种氧气自增压空分装置，包括将外部空气进行压缩的空气压缩机、对空气压缩机输出的空气进行净化的分子筛纯化装置、对经过净化的空气进行膨胀制冷的增压透平膨胀装置、将经过增压透平膨胀装置的空气分离成氧和氮的精馏塔以及供空分装置中的气体进行热交换的换热器，所述精馏塔包括上塔和下塔，所述上塔底部设有主冷凝蒸发器，所述空分装置还包括将经过分子筛纯化装置净化的空气以及由精馏塔分离出来的液氧分别冷凝蒸发成液空和氧气的辅助冷凝蒸发器，所述辅助冷凝蒸发器低于主冷凝蒸发器设置，辅助冷凝蒸发器的液空输出端与下塔连通。
所述增压透平膨胀装置包括同轴异端设置的增压机和膨胀机，所述增压机输入端与分子筛纯化装置的输出端相连通，所述增压机的输出端经过换热器冷却后与膨胀机的输入端连通，所述膨胀机的输出端与下塔连通。
所述下塔底部设有将液空送入上塔的连通管道，所述连通管道上设有节流阀；所述精馏塔外还设有与主冷凝蒸发器以及下塔顶部的液氮出口连通的液氮输出管、与主冷凝蒸发器以及下塔顶部的气氮出口连通的气氮输出管、与上塔底部连通的液氧输出管以及与上塔顶部连通的污氮输出管；所述液氮输出管与空分装置外部连通；所述气氮输出管经过换热器后与空分装置外部连通；所述污氮输出管经过换热器换热后与分子筛纯化装置连通。
所述辅助冷凝蒸发器设有上下设置并连通的氧气出口和液氧进口、以及上下设置并另外连通的空气进口和液空出口，所述液氧进口与液氧输出管连接，所述分子筛纯化装置的空气输出端经过后换热器与空气进口连通，所述液空出口与下塔连通，所述氧气出口经过换热器后输出空分装置外。
所述空分装置还包括过冷器，所述连通管道、污氮输出管和液氮输出管分别经过过冷器。
所述空分装置还包括设于空气压缩机和分子筛纯化装置之间的预冷装置。
所述分子筛纯化装置包括分子筛吸附器和电加热器。
本实用新型优点是：
1.本实用新型通过主冷凝蒸发器与辅助冷凝蒸发器的高度位差，利用液氧自身的液柱静压力，流入冷箱底部的液氧压力升高，使得液氧自增压得到压力≥0.15MPa的氧气，其氧气压力升高不需氧压机或液氧泵等增压设备，大大提高了设备的安全运行周期；所得氧气的压力、纯度均可满足重油助燃之需，节省了用户的一次性投资，大幅降低了玻璃生产成本，为用户创造了更高收益。
2.本实用新型冷水机组的全低压分子筛吸附流程，有效防止水分、二氧化碳进入冷箱中低温设备，运行压力低，安全可靠。
3.本实用新型的增压透平膨胀装置利用进装置的部分压力空气膨胀制冷，膨胀后的空气送入下塔参与精馏，提高了精馏效率。降低了空压机的排气压力，从本质上做到了低压流程，起到了节能的效果。
4.本发明空分设备的空气压缩机排气调节范围为75％～105％，达到节能的目的。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型具体实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本实用新型具体实施例辅助冷凝蒸发器的结构示意图。
其中：1 空气压缩机；2 分子筛纯化装置；21 分子筛吸附器；22 电加热器；3 增压透平膨胀装置；31 增压机；32 膨胀机；4 换热器；41 增压空气冷却器；5 精馏塔；51 上塔；52 下塔；53 主冷凝蒸发器；54 节流阀；55 连通管道；56 液氮输出管；57 气氮输出管；58 液氧输出管；59 污氮输出管；6 辅助冷凝蒸发器；61 氧气出口；62 液氧进口；63 空气进口；64 液空出口；7 过冷器；8 预冷装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本实用新型作进一步描述：
实施例：如图1所示，一种氧气自增压空分装置，包括将外部空气进行压缩的空气压缩机1、对空气压缩机1输出的空气进行净化的分子筛纯化装置2、对经过净化的空气进行膨胀制冷的增压透平膨胀装置3、将经过增压透平膨胀装置3的空气分离成氧和氮的精馏塔5以及供空分装置中的气体进行热交换的换热器4。所述换热器4和精馏塔5位于冷箱9内。
所述空分装置还包括设于空气压缩机1和分子筛纯化装置2之间的所述预冷装置8为冷水机组，其根据冷却水温度和冷却水量的变化，热气旁通阀辅佐调节，最终达到系统的制冷量调节，恒定冷却水的初期温度，以达到冷却空气并使空气温度稳定在一定的范围。
所述精馏塔5包括上塔51和下塔52，所述上塔51底部设有主冷凝蒸发器53，其中上、下塔采用全铝结构高效对流筛板，塔板结构设计合理，并采用特殊工艺制作，充分保证塔板的水平度，塔板效率高，产品提取率高。
所述空分装置还包括将经过分子筛纯化装置2净化的空气以及由精馏塔5分离出来的液氧分别冷凝蒸发成液空和氧气的辅助冷凝蒸发器6，所述辅助冷凝蒸发器6位于冷箱9内的底部低于主冷凝蒸发器53设置，辅助冷凝蒸发器6的液空输出端与下塔52连通。
增压透平膨胀装置3共有二台(一用一备)，所述增压透平膨胀装置3包括同轴异端设置的增压机31和膨胀机32，其中增压机31位于冷箱9外，膨胀机32位于冷箱9内。所述增压机31输入端与分子筛纯化装置2的输出端相连通，所述增压机31的输出端经过换热器4冷却后与膨胀机32的输入端连通，所述膨胀机32的输出端与下塔52连通。膨胀机32的作功由与膨胀机32同轴异端匹配的增压机31回收，用以提高膨胀机32的进口压力，增加焓降，减少膨胀空气量，同时也提高了整套空气分离装置的液体产品提取量。
所述下塔52底部设有将液空送入上塔51的连通管道55，所述连通管道55上设有节流阀54；所述精馏塔5外还设有与主冷凝蒸发器53以及下塔52顶部的液氮出口连通的液氮输出管56、与主冷凝蒸发器53以及下塔52顶部的气氮出口连通的气氮输出管57、与上塔51底部连通的液氧输出管58以及与上塔51顶部连通的污氮输出管59；所述液氮输出管56与冷箱9外部连通；所述气氮输出管57经过换热器4后与冷箱9外部连通；所述污氮输出管59经过换热器4换热后与分子筛纯化装置2连通。
所述辅助冷凝蒸发器6设有上下设置并连通的氧气出口61和液氧进口62、以及上下设置并另外连通的空气进口63和液空出口64，如图2所示，所述液氧进口62与液氧输出管58连接，所述分子筛纯化装置2的空气输出端经过后换热器4与空气进口63连通，所述液空出口64与下塔52连通，所述氧气出口61经过换热器4后输出冷箱9外。空气和液氧在辅助冷凝蒸发器6中发生热交换，分别冷凝、蒸发成液空和氧气。
所述冷箱9内设有过冷器7，所述连通管道55、污氮输出管59和液氮输出管56分别经过过冷器7。
所述分子筛纯化装置2包括分子筛吸附器21和电加热器22。其中分子筛吸附器21一个输入端输入经过冷水机组的空气，另一输入端输入经过电加热器22加热的污氮，一个输出端向外排放杂质气体，另一个输出端输出经过净化的空气。其中分子筛吸附器21选用优化设计的长周期分子筛吸附器，采用先进的气流分布装置和结构，简单可靠的防偏流装置，使得床层结构简单、可靠。同时电加热器采用独特的立式棒状设计，确保故障率低，方便更换。
工作时，空气由空气压缩机1的空气进口输入，经过预冷装置8冷水机组冷却再进入分子筛吸附器21将CO2、H2O等杂质气体净化后，输出的大部分气体进入增压透平膨胀装置3的增压机31增压至1.14MPa，再经过换热器4的增压空气冷却器41并与其中的返流气体氧、纯氮、污氮热交换冷却后，进入膨胀机32制冷，最后送入下塔52；另一部分气体直接进入换热器4参与回收返流气体氧、纯氮、污氮的冷量，再通过空气进口63进入设置在冷箱底部的辅助冷凝蒸发器6，与主冷凝蒸发器53流下的液氧进行换热，蒸发液氧的同时自身被冷却至全液化进入下塔52中。
在下塔52中，空气被分离成氮和富氧液空，上升气氮部分在主冷凝蒸发器53中液化成液氮，同时主冷凝蒸发器53的低压侧液氧被气化。部份液氮留下作为下塔52的回流液，另一部分液氮从下塔52顶部由液氮输出管56引出，经过冷器7被污氮过冷后作为产品液氮送出冷箱9外。
下塔52底部的液空通过连通管道55，先经过过冷器7过冷再经节流阀54送入上塔51顶部作回流液。
由主冷凝蒸发器53形成的液氧从上塔51底部抽出，经液氧输出管58进入冷箱9底部的辅助冷凝蒸发器6的液氧进口62中，利用液氧自身的液柱静压力，使流入辅助冷凝蒸发器6的液氧被空气蒸发，蒸发后的气氧压力≥0.15MPa，并在换热器4中复热后到常温后送往冷箱9外供使用。一小部分液氧可以在进入辅助冷凝蒸发器6之前被抽出，作为产品送往冷箱9外(图1中未示出)。
污氮从上塔51顶部由污氮输出管59引出，并在过冷器7中分别与连通管道55中的液空和液氮输出管56中的液氮发生热交换复热，再在换热器4中复热后送出冷箱9外并经过加热器22加热后作为分子筛吸附器的再生气体。
产品气氮经过气氮输出管57引出，经换热器4中回收冷量后复热后送往冷箱9外供使用。
在返流复热后的污氮气中抽出一小部分作为空气分离装置的密封气充入冷箱9(图1中未示出)，使冷箱9内保持一定的正压，以免外界大气侵入冷箱9而使冷箱绝9热材料受潮，降低保温效果。
本实用新型不但满足了用户对产品氮气的需求，而且生产出空分副产品富氧气，其压力、纯度均可满足重油助燃之需，降低了玻璃生产成本。

Claims (7)

1.一种氧气自增压空分装置，包括将外部空气进行压缩的空气压缩机(1)、对空气压缩机(1)输出的空气进行净化的分子筛纯化装置(2)、对经过净化的空气进行膨胀制冷的增压透平膨胀装置(3)、将经过增压透平膨胀装置(3)的空气分离成氧和氮的精馏塔(5)以及供空分装置中的气体进行热交换的换热器(4)，所述精馏塔(5)包括上塔(51)和下塔(52)，所述上塔(51)底部设有主冷凝蒸发器(53)，其特征在于：所述空分装置还包括将经过分子筛纯化装置(2)净化的空气以及由精馏塔(5)分离出来的液氧分别冷凝蒸发成液空和氧气的辅助冷凝蒸发器(6)，所述辅助冷凝蒸发器(6)低于主冷凝蒸发器(53)设置，辅助冷凝蒸发器(6)的液空输出端与下塔(52)连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述增压透平膨胀装置(3)包括同轴异端设置的增压机(31)和膨胀机(32)，所述增压机(31)输入端与分子筛纯化装置(2)的输出端相连通，所述增压机(31)的输出端经过换热器(4)冷却后与膨胀机(32)的输入端连通，所述膨胀机(32)的输出端与下塔(52)连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述下塔(52)底部设有将液空送入上塔(51)的连通管道(55)，所述连通管道(55)上设有节流阀(54)；所述精馏塔(5)外还设有与主冷凝蒸发器(53)以及下塔(52)顶部的液氮出口连通的液氮输出管(56)、与主冷凝蒸发器(53)以及下塔(52)顶部的气氮出口连通的气氮输出管(57)、与上塔(51)底部连通的液氧输出管(58)以及与上塔(51)顶部连通的污氮输出管(59)；所述液氮输出管(56)与空分装置外部连通；所述气氮输出管(57)经过换热器(4)后与空分装置外部连通；所述污氮输出管(59)经过换热器(4)换热后与分子筛纯化装置(2)连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述辅助冷凝蒸发器(6)设有上下设置并连通的氧气出口(61)和液氧进口(62)、以及上下设置并另外连通的空气进口(63)和液空出口(64)，所述液氧进口(62)与液氧输出管(58)连接，所述分子筛纯化装置(2)的空气输出端经过后换热器(4)与空气进口(63)连通，所述液空出口(64)与下塔(52)连通，所述氧气出口(61)经过换热器(4)后输出空分装置外。
5.根据权利要求3所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述空分装置还包括过冷器(7)，所述连通管道(55)、污氮输出管(59)和液氮输出管(56)分别经过过冷器(7)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述空分装置还包括设于空气压缩机(1)和分子筛纯化装置(2)之间的预冷装置(8)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的氧气自增压空分装置，其特征在于：所述分子筛纯化装置(2)包括分子筛吸附器(21)和电加热器(22)。
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CN101929791A (zh) * 2010-08-19 2010-12-29 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 大产量高纯氮设备
CN101929791B (zh) * 2010-08-19 2012-06-13 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 大产量高纯氮设备
CN101943513A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-01-12 杭州川空通用设备有限公司 降低液体空分能耗的方法
CN101943513B (zh) * 2010-09-30 2013-01-30 杭州川空通用设备有限公司 降低液体空分能耗的方法
CN102003865A (zh) * 2010-11-09 2011-04-06 苏州制氧机有限责任公司 一种制氮装置及其制氮方法
CN102230716A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2011-11-02 杭州优埃基空分设备有限公司 空气增压返流膨胀内压缩空气分离的方法及其装置
CN103245167A (zh) * 2013-05-24 2013-08-14 济钢集团有限公司 一种制氧机多机组联合变负荷运行装置及方法
CN103245167B (zh) * 2013-05-24 2015-12-09 济钢集团有限公司 一种制氧机多机组联合变负荷运行装置及方法
CN104266427A (zh) * 2014-08-30 2015-01-07 安徽晋煤中能化工股份有限公司 液氮洗分子筛预冷装置
CN104390427A (zh) * 2014-10-21 2015-03-04 杭州福斯达实业集团有限公司 高低温双膨胀节能型制氮装置及制氮方法
CN104390427B (zh) * 2014-10-21 2017-01-18 杭州福斯达深冷装备股份有限公司 高低温双膨胀节能型制氮装置及制氮方法
CN105783423A (zh) * 2014-12-19 2016-07-20 常熟市永安工业气体制造有限公司 一种空分系统
CN105222525A (zh) * 2015-10-29 2016-01-06 西亚特工业气体科技（杭州）有限公司 富氧空气产品的制备装置及方法
CN106440660A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-02-22 浙江海天气体有限公司 一种具有高压换热供氧的空分装置
CN106744697A (zh) * 2017-01-17 2017-05-31 孔祥旭 一种超节能空分制氧装置
CN106989567A (zh) * 2017-04-25 2017-07-28 河南开元空分集团有限公司 一种低能耗的同时生产富氧气体和高纯氮气的装置和方法
WO2019104524A1 (zh) * 2017-11-29 2019-06-06 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 通过与氮气膨胀机联动制动的膨胀机增压机来产生增压空气的深冷精馏方法与设备
CN108759309A (zh) * 2018-06-23 2018-11-06 浙江智海化工设备工程有限公司 一种提高外压缩流程产液效率的装置及方法
WO2020124427A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for starting up a cryogenic air separation unit and associated air separation unit
CN113195991A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2021-07-30 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温空气分离单元的启动方法和相关联的空气分离单元
CN113195991B (zh) * 2018-12-19 2023-05-02 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 低温空气分离单元的启动方法和相关联的空气分离单元
US12061045B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2024-08-13 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for starting up a cryogenic air separation unit and associated air separation unit
CN111442607A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-07-24 苏州制氧机股份有限公司 氮气自增压空分装置
CN113669627A (zh) * 2021-08-16 2021-11-19 南京钢铁股份有限公司 一种利用富余压缩空气增加氧气产量的管网系统及方法
CN114413571A (zh) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-29 四川空分集团工程有限公司 一种低能耗低压压力氧空分装置

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