CN111412724B - 一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺 - Google Patents

一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺 Download PDF

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CN111412724B
CN111412724B CN202010359271.1A CN202010359271A CN111412724B CN 111412724 B CN111412724 B CN 111412724B CN 202010359271 A CN202010359271 A CN 202010359271A CN 111412724 B CN111412724 B CN 111412724B
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CN111412724A (zh
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韦霆
何森林
严家玉
杨正军
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Hangzhou Turning Energy Technology Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，精馏塔富氧空气经过冷器复热后，进入主换热器，分成两股，一股复热后作为低温中压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉送煤风，另一股部分复热后分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由精馏模块的增压透平膨胀机的增压端增压后作为高温高压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风。本发明压力富氧制取工艺可同时生产三股不同类型的富氧产品。

Description

一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及富氧燃烧技术领域，具体涉及一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺。
背景技术
传统上的燃烧过程大都是基于空气为氧化剂来源的热工过程，常规燃烧方式助燃空气仅近21％的氧气参与燃烧过程，而空气中的近79％的氮气不但不帮助燃烧，反而吸收了大量的燃烧反应放出的热量，并作为烟气排出，造成燃料的很大浪费。
富氧燃烧就是一种高效燃烧技术，富氧燃烧加大了助燃空气中的氧含量，可以极大地改善燃烧条件，提高燃烧效率，降低污染排放。近年来，国外发达国家玻璃行业中的富氧及全氧燃烧技术研究及应用已逐渐推广，将其称为“资源的创造性技术”。我国主要是应用于玻璃熔窑和金属冶炼，尤其在高温、高煤耗的水泥工业窑炉行业也得以应用和推广，并取得了较好的有益效果。
随着富氧燃烧技术在水泥工业窑炉上的不断应用和探索，如何开发出适用于水泥工业窑炉用的低能耗压力富氧成为关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，以解决现有技术的不足。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、利用压缩模块将原料空气过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，并压缩到设定压力；之后经预冷模块预冷后进入纯化模块中纯化；
步骤二、纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入精馏模块的主换热器冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏模块的精馏塔底部参与精馏；
步骤三、空气经精馏塔精馏后分离为富氧液空和带压氮气，富氧液空经精馏模块的过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏模块的冷凝蒸发器和带压氮气换热，富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，富氧空气经过冷器复热后，进入主换热器，分成两股，一股复热后作为低温中压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉送煤风，另一股部分复热后分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由精馏模块的增压透平膨胀机的增压端增压后作为高温高压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风；
步骤四、一部分带压氮气进入冷凝蒸发器和富氧液空换热，带压氮气被冷凝为液氮，液氮一部分作为液氮产品出精馏箱，另一部分引入精馏塔顶部作为回流液；另一部分带压氮气进入主换热器部分复热后引入增压透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后的常压氮气经过冷器、主换热器复热后一部分作为再生气引入纯化模块，其余放空。
进一步地，步骤一所述压缩模块包括依次连接的过滤器、透平空气压缩机。
进一步地，步骤一所述预冷模块包括空气预冷机组。
进一步地，步骤一所述纯化模块包括交替使用的分子筛吸附器和电加热器。
进一步地，步骤一过滤、压缩、预冷后的原料空气进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器纯化；步骤四膨胀后的常压氮气经过冷器、主换热器复热后一部分作为再生气由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器，其余放空。
进一步地，步骤一利用压缩模块将原料空气过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，并压缩到0.35-0.4MPa。
进一步地，步骤三带压氮气压力为18-25KPa。
进一步地，步骤三富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，含25％-50％O2，压力为60-80KPa，富氧空气经过冷器复热后，进入主换热器，分成两股，一股复热至16-20℃作为低温中压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为16-20℃，压力为60-80KPa，用于水泥窑炉送煤风；另一股部分复热至5-10℃分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为5-10℃，压力为20-35KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由精馏模块的增压透平膨胀机的增压端增压后作为高温高压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为60-70℃，压力为80-100KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明压力富氧制取工艺可同时生产三股不同类型的富氧产品，一股为低温中压富氧产品，用于水泥窑炉送煤风，该股富氧产品温度低，利于煤粉安全输送；一股为低温低压富氧产品，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一股为高温高压富氧产品，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风。本发明还可提供部分液氮副产品。
2、本发明高温高压富氧产品的高温高压力是利用增压透平膨胀机膨胀功增压获得的，既提高了能量利用率，节约能耗，同时高温的富氧进入水泥窑炉，可以增加水泥窑炉系统热值，减少煤粉消耗。
3、本发明高温高压富氧产品的高压力是利用增压透平膨胀机膨胀功增压获得的，富氧产品压力降低，极大降低了所用压力富氧制取装置的系统压力，降低了透平空气压缩机排压，从而大大降低装置能耗。
附图说明
图1为本发明压力富氧制取所用装置的结构示意图。
过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、电加热器5、主换热器6、精馏塔7、冷凝蒸发器8、过冷器9、增压透平膨胀机10。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做更进一步地解释。下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，但并不用来限定本发明的实施范围。
一种新型窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，利用如图1所示的装置制取。所示装置包括压缩模块、预冷模块、纯化模块、精馏模块。
压缩模块包括过滤器1和透平空气压缩机2。
预冷模块包括空气预冷机组3。
纯化模块包括交替使用的分子筛吸附器4和电加热器5。
精馏模块包括主换热器6、精馏塔7、冷凝蒸发器8、过冷器9、增压透平膨胀机10。
过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、电加热器5、增压透平膨胀机10的增压端设于精馏箱外，主换热器6、精馏塔7、冷凝蒸发器8、过冷器9、增压透平膨胀机10设于精馏箱内，冷凝蒸发器8设于精馏塔7之上。
过滤器1、透平空气压缩机2、空气预冷机组3、交替使用的分子筛吸附器4、主换热器6依次连接，主换热器6和精馏塔7底部的原料空气进口连接；
精馏塔7底部的富氧液空出口和过冷器9连接，过冷器9和冷凝蒸发器8连接，过冷器9和冷凝蒸发器8的连接管路上设有节流阀，冷凝蒸发器8的富氧空气出口和过冷器9连接，过冷器9和主换热器6连接，主换热器6的富氧空气复热出口提供低温中压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉送煤风；主换热器6的富氧空气部分复热出口分别连至设有节流阀的外部管道、增压透平膨胀机10的增压端分别提供低温低压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风、高温高压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风；
精馏塔7顶部的带压氮气出口分别和冷凝蒸发器8、主换热器6连接，冷凝蒸发器8的液氮出口分别和外部液氮产品储罐、精馏塔7顶部连接，冷凝蒸发器8的液氮出口和外部液氮产品储罐连接管路上设有节流阀；主换热器6的带压氮气部分复热出口和增压透平膨胀机10连接，增压透平膨胀机10和过冷器9连接，过冷器9和主换热器6连接，主换热器6分别和电加热器5、外部放空管道连接，电加热器5和交替使用的分子筛吸附器4连接。
上述各部件的功能如下：
过滤器1，用于过滤原料空气中的灰尘和机械杂质；
透平空气压缩机2，用于将过滤后的原料空气压缩到设定压力；
空气预冷机组3，用于将过滤、压缩后的原料空气预冷；
交替使用的分子筛吸附器4，用于将过滤、压缩、预冷后的原料空气纯化，去除水分、CO2、C2H2等物质；
电加热器5，用于加热复热后的常压氮气以再生交替使用的分子筛吸附器4；
主换热器6，用于将过滤、压缩、预冷、纯化后的原料空气冷却，用于将经过冷器9复热后的富氧空气复热及部分复热，用于将部分带压氮气部分复热，用于将经过冷器9复热后的常压氮气复热；
精馏塔7，用于将过滤、压缩、预冷、纯化、冷却后的原料空气精馏分离为富氧液空和带压氮气；
冷凝蒸发器8，用于将富氧液空和部分带压氮气换热，富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，带压氮气被液化为液氮；
过冷器9，用于将富氧液空过冷，用于将富氧空气复热，用于将膨胀后的常压氮气复热；
增压透平膨胀机10，用于将部分复热后的带压氮气膨胀制冷；增压端将部分经主换热器部分复热的富氧空气增压。
压力富氧制备时，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤一、原料空气经过滤器1过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，进入到透平空气压缩机2，原料空气压缩到0.35-0.4MPa；之后经空气预冷机组3预冷后进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4中纯化，去除水分、CO2、C2H2等物质；
步骤二、纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入主换热器6冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏塔7底部参与精馏；
步骤三、空气经精馏塔7精馏后分离为富氧液空和带压氮气(18-25KPa)，富氧液空经过冷器9过冷、节流阀节流后进入冷凝蒸发器8和带压氮气换热，富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，从精馏塔7塔顶抽出含25％-50％O2，压力为60-80KPa的富氧空气，经过冷器9复热后，进入主换热器6，分成两股，一股复热至16-20℃后作为低温中压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为16-20℃，压力为60-80KPa，用于水泥窑炉送煤风，另一股部分复热至5-10℃后分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为5-10℃，压力为20-35KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由增压透平膨胀机10的增压端增压至压力为80-100KPa，温度为60-70℃后作为高温高压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为60-70℃，压力为80-100KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风；
步骤四、一部分带压氮气进入冷凝蒸发器8和富氧液空换热，带压氮气被冷凝为液氮，液氮一部分作为液氮产品出精馏箱，另一部分引入精馏塔7顶部作为回流液；另一部分带压氮气进入主换热器6部分复热后引入增压透平膨胀机10膨胀制冷，膨胀后的常压氮气经过冷器9、主换热器6复热后一部分作为再生气由电加热器5加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器4，其余放空。

Claims (8)

1.一种窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、利用压缩模块将原料空气过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，并压缩到设定压力；之后经预冷模块预冷后进入纯化模块中纯化；
步骤二、纯化后的原料空气部分用于仪表空气，其余部分进入精馏模块的主换热器冷却至饱和并带有一定含湿后进入精馏模块的精馏塔底部参与精馏；
步骤三、空气经精馏塔精馏后分离为富氧液空和带压氮气，富氧液空经精馏模块的过冷器过冷、节流阀节流后进入精馏模块的冷凝蒸发器和带压氮气换热，富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，富氧空气经过冷器复热后，进入主换热器，分成两股，一股复热后作为低温中压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉送煤风，另一股部分复热后分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由精馏模块的增压透平膨胀机的增压端增压后作为高温高压富氧产品用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风；
步骤四、一部分带压氮气进入冷凝蒸发器和富氧液空换热，带压氮气被冷凝为液氮，液氮一部分作为液氮产品出精馏箱，另一部分引入精馏塔顶部作为回流液；另一部分带压氮气进入主换热器部分复热后引入增压透平膨胀机膨胀制冷，膨胀后的常压氮气经过冷器、主换热器复热后一部分作为再生气引入纯化模块，其余放空。
2.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤一所述压缩模块包括依次连接的过滤器、透平空气压缩机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤一所述预冷模块包括空气预冷机组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤一所述纯化模块包括交替使用的分子筛吸附器和电加热器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤一过滤、压缩、预冷后的原料空气进入交替使用的分子筛吸附器纯化；步骤四膨胀后的常压氮气经过冷器、主换热器复热后一部分作为再生气由电加热器加热后引入交替使用的分子筛吸附器，其余放空。
6.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤一利用压缩模块将原料空气过滤掉灰尘和机械杂质后，并压缩到0.35-0.4MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤三带压氮气压力为18-25KPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的窑炉用低能耗压力富氧制取工艺，其特征在于，步骤三富氧液空被汽化为富氧空气，含25％-50％O2，压力为60-80KPa，富氧空气经过冷器复热后，进入主换热器，分成两股，一股复热至16-20℃作为低温中压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为16-20℃，压力为60-80KPa，用于水泥窑炉送煤风；另一股部分复热至5-10℃分成两部分，一部分经节流阀节流后作为低温低压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为5-10℃，压力为20-35KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的旋流风；另一部分由精馏模块的增压透平膨胀机的增压端增压后作为高温高压富氧产品，含25％-50％O2，温度为60-70℃，压力为80-100KPa，用于水泥窑炉富氧燃烧器的轴流风。
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