CN201241088Y - 一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉 - Google Patents

一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉 Download PDF

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CN201241088Y
CN201241088Y CNU2008200363170U CN200820036317U CN201241088Y CN 201241088 Y CN201241088 Y CN 201241088Y CN U2008200363170 U CNU2008200363170 U CN U2008200363170U CN 200820036317 U CN200820036317 U CN 200820036317U CN 201241088 Y CN201241088 Y CN 201241088Y
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王家俊
陈枫
李家明
马仁贵
王怀春
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Hefei Tianyan Biomass Technology Co. Ltd.
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Abstract

一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉，在炉体(1)的两端固定有通过密封组件(12)密封的前、后端盖(2)和(3)，在前端盖(2)上有进料机构以及点火孔(16)和燃气进口(17)，在后端盖(3)上有出料机构；在炉体(1)上有耐火层(4)、隔热层(5)和安全防护套(6)，在炉膛内壁沿圆周方向镶嵌有陶质抄手(7)以翻搅固体物料；在炉体(1)上设置有由齿轮圈(8)、“V”型导轨(9)、“V”型滚轮(10)和滚轮托架(11)组成的传动机构。本干馏炉可将固体生物质在低压高温(800～1000℃)条件下实现连续直接干馏气化，热效率85％以上。

Description

一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉
一、技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种能源转换设备，确切地说是一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转内燃高温干馏炉。
二、背景技术
农作物秸秆、林业采伐及林产品加工剩余物等通常称为固体生物质。固体生物质是可再生的能源资源，是对环境友好的绿色能源，是取之不尽用之不竭的化石能源替代品之一。近几十年来，固体生物质能源资源的研究、开发、利用的途径主要有增密成型、气化和液化。其中应用、研究较多的是固体生物质热解气化和干馏气化。生物质热解气化通常是以空气为气化剂，所获取的是低热值的可燃气体，热效率约70％。干馏气化热效率最高可达85％，可获得炭和干馏气(热值接近城市煤气)两个能源品种。干馏技术又有直接干馏和间接干馏两种。间接干馏有间歇式和连续式之分，一般仅适合低温干馏(干馏温度500℃以下)。直接干馏可实现高温干馏技术要求，温度达800℃以上。但是，目前用于生产的主要是间歇式干馏窑，且综合热效率偏低，产量小，难以满足大规模的工业化原料需求(如液化)。
三、发明内容
本实用新型针对用于固体生物质的间歇式干馏设备产量和热效率低的缺陷，旨在提供一种热效率和产量高的直接高温干馏设备，所要解决的技术问题是回转的炉体在高温、低压的工况条件下能连续、长期、稳定运行。
本实用新型提供的直接高温干馏设备是一种卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉，本干馏炉包括一个绕轴旋转(回转)的筒式炉体及其两端相对静止(固定)的前、后端盖以及相应的传动机构、密封机构和进、出料机构等。所谓传动机构是指驱动炉体作回转运动的相应装置，由齿轮圈或者链轮圈、“V”型导轨、“V”型滚轮和滚轮托架所组成，具体设置是一条齿轮圈或者链轮圈固定在炉体的中部以传递动力，两条“V”型导轨固定在齿轮圈或者链轮圈的两侧的炉体上且与各自的“V”型滚轮相配合，“V”型滚轮由固定在地面上的滚轮托架所支撑，滚轮托架既承载炉体的重量，又起轴向限位作用。这是因为所谓“卧式”是指炉体的轴与水平面有3～5度的夹角。所谓密封是指回转的炉体与固定的前后端盖之间的端面密封，所称的密封机构为一密封组件，在有的文献中称这种密封组件为迷宫式密封组件，其实就是由一组压紧圈(俗称法兰)及其配套的螺母、螺栓以及弹簧垫圈和耐温金属密封条(密封填料)组成，其中一只法兰固定在端盖上，其余活动式套在炉体上，当紧固法兰时，因密封填料的弹性变形作用使端面密封。所谓进料机构是设置在前端盖上的将固体生物质送入炉膛的机构，由料斗、锁气阀(起密封作用)和螺旋送料器所组成，在前端盖上还设置有点火孔(兼观察孔)和燃气进口。所谓出料机构是设置有后端盖上的干馏气出口和固体炭排出口，排出的炭经冷却后由螺旋出料器送往目的地。
所述的筒式炉体以同轴的双层钢筒为骨架，其内衬耐火层，其外敷设安全防护套，夹层充填保温材料形成隔热保温层，在炉膛的内壁上自炉膛前端至后端的等距分布的圆周上都镶嵌有陶质抄手，相互比邻的圆周上，相邻的陶质抄手在同一条母线上直线分布或者在不同的母线上错落分布，陶质抄手固定在耐火层上。陶质抄手的作用是翻搅固体物料使之受热均匀、干馏充分。
本干馏炉是这样运行的，启动传动机构，使炉体回转，然后将处理后的固体生物质由送料机构送入炉膛，由陶质抄手抄起扬下不断地撒落于圆筒的整个断面；可燃气体与气化剂(氧气或富氧空气)在炉前混合后自前端盖上的燃气入口切线射入，经点火口点燃后在筒壁约束下沿轴线螺旋式向后端盖方向移动。物料和燃烧的高温热烟气在同向移动过程中完成了能与质的传递；生物质获得热量，把挥发份析出，形成炭和干馏气。热干馏气不经任何处理可直接回流燃烧向干馏炉提供热量；亦可经冷却净化后作燃气使用。干馏后的炭经排料口排入贮罐并经冷却，待温度降到400℃以下时，经锁气阀和螺旋出料器排出。
本干馏炉将低密度的固体生物质在800～1000℃的高温条件下实现连续、内燃直接干馏气化，还可实现富氧气化剂加压内燃干馏气化用于制备合成液体燃料，本干馏炉热效率达85％以上。
四、附图说明
图1所示是本干馏炉的半剖面结构示意图。
图中示意出前端盖2上设置有进料机构，包括料斗13、锁气阀14和螺旋送料器15以及点火孔(兼观察孔)16和燃气进口17。后端盖上设置有出料机构，包括干馏气出口18、炭排出口19、贮罐20、锁气阀22和螺旋出料器23，贮罐20上设有冷却水夹套21。
图中未剖的炉体1上设置有回转传动机构，包括齿轮圈8、“V”型导轨9及其配合的“V”型滚轮10和滚轮托架11。
图中剖面部分示意出炉体的结构，包括双层钢筒、耐火层4、隔热保温层5和安全防护套6，同时示意出密封组件12对炉体与端盖之间的端面密封作用；还通过重合剖面图示意出炉膛内设置的陶质抄手7。
五、具体实施方式
取钢板加工炉体1的同轴双层钢筒骨架和前端盖2和后端盖3。
在双层钢筒的内壁衬耐火材料构成耐火层4，在钢筒外壁敷设安全防护套6，在钢筒夹层填充隔热材料构成隔热层5。在耐火层4和隔热层5上沿圆周方向镶嵌陶质抄手7，相邻的陶质抄手7在同一条母线上直线分布。
在炉体1的中部固定齿轮圈8，两条“V”型导轨9位于齿轮圈8的两侧并同各自的“V”型滚轮10相配合，“V”型滚轮10由位于地面的滚轮托架11所支撑。炉体1的轴线与水平面有5度夹角。
在炉体1的两端通过密封组件12安装前端盖2和后端盖3，使两端面密封。
在前端盖2上安装有进料机构，包括料斗13、锁气阀14和密封螺旋送料器15，在送料器15和前端盖2之间有耐温密封填料24.在前端盖2上还设置有点火孔16和燃气进口17。
在后端盖3上设置有干馏气出口18和炭排出口19，炭排出口19连接在贮罐20上，贮罐20上设有冷却水夹套21，其下方连接有锁气阀22，锁气阀22与密封螺旋出料器23连接。

Claims (3)

1、一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉，包括炉体(1)及其前端盖(2)、后端盖(3)以及传动机构、密封机构和进、出料机构，其特征在于：带有前端盖(2)和后端盖(3)的炉体(1)上有耐火层(4)、隔热层(5)和安全防护套(6)，在炉膛内壁上沿圆周方向均匀镶嵌有陶质抄手(7)，相邻的陶质抄手(7)在同一条母线上直线分布或者在不同的母线上错落分布；在炉体(1)中部设置有传递动力的齿轮圈(8)，在齿轮圈(8)的两侧各设置一条“V”型导轨(9)，且与各自的“V”型滚轮(10)相配合，“V”型滚轮(10)为滚轮托架(11)所支撑，炉体(1)的轴线与水平面有3～5度夹角；在炉体(1)与前端盖(2)和后端盖(3)之间有密封组件(12)；在前端盖(2)上设置有料斗(13)、锁气阀(14)和螺旋送料器(15)组成的送料机构以及点火口(16)和燃气进口(17)；在后端盖(3)上设置有干馏气出口(18)以及由固体炭排出口(19)、带有冷却水夹套(21)的贮罐(20)、锁气阀(22)和螺旋出料器(23)组成的出料机构。
2、根据权利要求1所述的干馏炉，其特征在于：炉膛内相邻的陶质抄手(7)在同一条母线上直线分布。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的干馏炉，其特征在于：炉体(1)轴线与水平面有5度夹角。
CNU2008200363170U 2008-05-20 2008-05-20 一种用于固体生物质的卧式回转低压内燃高温干馏炉 Expired - Fee Related CN201241088Y (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102268272A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2011-12-07 刘善华 生物质干馏塔
CN102719262A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 合肥天焱绿色能源开发有限公司 一种固体生物质干馏气化方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102268272A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2011-12-07 刘善华 生物质干馏塔
CN102268272B (zh) * 2011-06-17 2013-06-19 刘善华 生物质干馏塔
CN102719262A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 合肥天焱绿色能源开发有限公司 一种固体生物质干馏气化方法

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