Three-axis vibration test apparatus
Technical field
The utility model relates to dynamic environmental test equipment, is specifically related to a kind of X, Y, Z three-axial vibration test unit.This three-axial vibration test unit can be used for simulating X, Y, three vibration environments that axially act on separately of Z, also can be used for simulating X, Y, three compound vibration environment that axially act on simultaneously of Z.
Background technology
The natural vibration that product stands under actual condition is the axial compound vibration of X, Y, Z three, at present because of the restriction of testing equipment and means, vibration testing device can only simulate single shaft to vibration.Therefore, the common practices of existing vibration test is: successively respectively to a certain product carry out single shaft to vibration test, then with product born three single shafts to the vibration anti-vibration performance of coming the comprehensive evaluation product.With the three-dimensional electric vibration table is example (this three-dimensional electric vibration table generally is made up of an electric vibration table and a horizontal sliding table), earlier product orientation is done the vibration test of vertical Z direction to product on the work top of electric vibration table, horizontal sliding table does not use, then the stage body of electric vibration table is turn to horizontal direction and be connected with horizontal sliding table, product orientation is done the vibration test of horizontal X direction on horizontal sliding table, again product is turned to 90 ° of location to finish the vibration test of horizontal Y direction on horizontal sliding table at last.
The deficiency of above-mentioned vibration test: a, existing vibration test need successively carry out three single shafts to test, three times test bay all needs the professional to carry out the adjustment and the location of high request, length consuming time is operated very loaded down with trivial details; B, existing vibration test be allow product successively stand three single shafts to vibration evaluate the performance of product, this is not inconsistent with real compound vibration environment, has very mistake, resistance to shock that can not the actual response product.
Therefore, how developing a kind of vibration testing device that can simulate the three compound vibration environment that axially act on simultaneously, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned vibration test, is the emphasis of the utility model research.
Summary of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of brand-new three-axis vibration test apparatus, when its objective is that will solve prior art is engaged in the three-way vibration test, need repeatedly to adjust, operate loaded down with trivial details time-consuming, and can not simulate two axial or three compound vibration environment that axially act on simultaneously, cause the product resistance to shock is estimated inaccurate technical matters.
For achieving the above object, first technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: a kind of three-axis vibration test apparatus comprises a test piece worktable, three vibration machines and three or three groups of unidirectional biographies connector that shakes;
Center of gravity with test piece worktable is a benchmark, arranges first vibration machine on the Z direction, and the vibrating mass of first vibration machine and test piece worktable bottom surface first or the first group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes is connected; Arrange second vibration machine on directions X, the vibrating mass of second vibration machine and the corresponding side surface of test piece worktable are connected through second or second group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes; Arrange the 3rd vibration machine on the Y direction, the vibrating mass of the 3rd vibration machine and the corresponding side surface of test piece worktable are connected through the 3rd or the 3rd group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes;
Described each unidirectional biography is shaken connector by first Connection Block, second Connection Block and intermediate connector are formed, wherein, intermediate connector is between first Connection Block and second Connection Block, one end of intermediate connector and first Connection Block guiding are slidingly connected, constitute the first guiding sliding pair, the other end of intermediate connector and second Connection Block guiding are slidingly connected, constitute the second guiding sliding pair, the first guiding sliding pair is vertical mutually in the space with the second guiding sliding pair, and constitute the shake plane that is free to slide of connector of unidirectional biography, and intermediate connector is located by connecting on perpendicular to the described direction that is free to slide the plane with respect to first Connection Block and second Connection Block, and constitutes the unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of the connector direction of shaking of shaking;
First or the first group of unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector direction of shaking of shaking is the Z direction, and the second or second group of unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector direction of shaking of shaking is a directions X, and the 3rd or the 3rd group of unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector direction of shaking of shaking is the Y direction; Described unidirectional biography is shaken in first Connection Block and second Connection Block of connector, fixedlys connected with test piece worktable for one, and another is fixedlyed connected with the vibrating mass of vibration machine.
For achieving the above object, second technical scheme that the utility model adopts is: a kind of three-axis vibration test apparatus comprises a test piece worktable, two vibration machines and two or two groups of unidirectional biographies connector that shakes;
Center of gravity with test piece worktable is a benchmark, arranges first vibration machine on the Z direction, and the vibrating mass of first vibration machine and test piece worktable bottom surface first or the first group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes is connected; Arrange second vibration machine on X or Y direction, the vibrating mass of second vibration machine and the corresponding side surface of test piece worktable are connected through second or second group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes;
Described each unidirectional biography is shaken connector by first Connection Block, second Connection Block and intermediate connector are formed, wherein, intermediate connector is between first Connection Block and second Connection Block, one end of intermediate connector and first Connection Block guiding are slidingly connected, constitute the first guiding sliding pair, the other end of intermediate connector and second Connection Block guiding are slidingly connected, constitute the second guiding sliding pair, the first guiding sliding pair is vertical mutually in the space with the second guiding sliding pair, and constitute the shake plane that is free to slide of connector of unidirectional biography, and intermediate connector is located by connecting on perpendicular to the described direction that is free to slide the plane with respect to first Connection Block and second Connection Block, and constitutes the unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of the connector direction of shaking of shaking;
First or the first group of unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector direction of shaking of shaking is the Z direction, and the second or second group of unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector direction of shaking of shaking is X or Y direction; Described unidirectional biography is shaken in first Connection Block and second Connection Block of connector, fixedlys connected with test piece worktable for one, and another is fixedlyed connected with the vibrating mass of vibration machine.
Related content in above-mentioned two technical schemes is explained as follows:
1, in above-mentioned two schemes, described vibration machine can adopt electric vibration table, mechanical vibration generator system, hydraulic vibration gen or mechanical vibration mechanism, and wherein mechanical vibration mechanism is meant the mechanism that can produce mechanical vibration.
2, in above-mentioned two schemes, three-axis vibration test apparatus comprises that test piece worktable, vibration machine and the unidirectional biography connector that shakes has adopted open description, its implication is to comprise other device, parts or system, such as when vibration machine adopts electric vibration table, disposing control and drive system, when adopting hydraulic vibration gen, need dispose hydraulic system.
3, in above-mentioned two schemes, in order to make the unidirectional biography connector that shakes keep being rigidly connected effect in the direction of transmitting vibrations, reduce degree of distortion, transmitting vibrations better, can in unidirectional biography is shaken first Connection Block of connector and second Connection Block, pressure oiling duct be set, form the static pressure oil film in the guiding sliding pair, this static pressure oil film constitutes hydrostatic support on unidirectional biography is shaken direction.
4, in above-mentioned two schemes, described every group of unidirectional biography connector that shakes is made of side by side at least two unidirectional biographies connector that shakes.
5, in above-mentioned two schemes, in order to reduce test piece worktable the influence that the skew of test specimen tailheaviness is brought is being installed, can on test piece worktable Z direction, be provided with elastic bearing or suspended structure, wherein elastic support structure is from the supported underneath test piece worktable, and the resilient suspension structure is from the overhung test piece worktable.Described elastic support structure relatively is typically air bag or spring.
The utility model has following three kinds of operating positions:
First kind: X, Y or Z direction be the vibration test of effect separately; As when carrying out Z direction vibration test, as long as the vibration that starting first vibration machine sends the Z direction, because of being connected through the first unidirectional biography connector that shakes between test piece worktable and vibration machine, the unidirectional biography direction Z direction just of shaking, and directions X and Y direction are for being free to slide cooperation, the vibration that first vibration machine sends passes to test piece worktable through the first unidirectional biography connector that shakes, and realizes the vibration test of single Z direction.Carry out also needing only when directions X vibrates with the Y direction vibration machine on the corresponding direction of starting, the course of work is to above-mentioned similar.During with sinusoidal vibration, the movement locus of test piece worktable is a straight line to folk prescription to vibration machine.
Second kind: the compound vibration test that both direction acts on simultaneously; The vibration environment during though product is used be in essence three simultaneous, when one of them direction with all the other two to comparing to such an extent as to vibration is very little can be ignored, perhaps one of them direction influences not quite the result of vibration test, we can use both direction vibration test simultaneously to test specimen, compare separately vibration of both direction, it can reappear real working condition more accurately.During use, the vibration machine that starts on the corresponding both direction gets final product, and the vibration meeting that they send is passed to superposition effect on the test piece worktable through the unidirectional biography connector that shakes, and realizes the test of two direction compound vibrations.When the vibration machine on the both direction sent sinusoidal once per revolution vibration, the movement locus of test piece worktable was an ellipse.
The third: three compound vibration tests that direction acts on simultaneously; Three axial compound vibrations can accurately reappear real working condition, near the environment of natural reality.During use, start three vibration machines, the vibration that three vibration machines send through unidirectional biography shake connector simultaneously superposition act on and study on the worktable, realize the test of three direction compound vibrations.When the vibration machine that the three parts makes progress all sent sinusoidal once per revolution vibration, the movement locus that studies worktable was an ellipsoid.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present utility model has:
1, because special construction of the present utility model when carrying out the test of gradation single vibration, can switch apace, save middle rotation stage body between X, Y and Z three direction vibration tests, operations such as Adjustment System have improved vibration test efficient.
2, because special construction of the present utility model, can be by coordinating the vibration wave of each vibration machine, simulate following two axial or three the compound vibration environment that axially act on simultaneously of true environment, more accurate reproduction real working condition, near the environment of natural reality, significantly promote vibration test result's accuracy.
3, connector construction is special because the unidirectional biography that the utility model adopts is shaken, this unidirectional biography shake connector have two perpendicular be free to slide secondary constitute be free to slide the plane, and on perpendicular to the described direction that is free to slide the plane is to be rigidly connected, therefore can complete true and reliable ground transmitting vibrations thrust; And, the utility model is that shake connector and vibration machine and work top of a plurality of unidirectional biographies is connected, make that vibration machine is to the driving action mutually noninterfere of work top on all directions, the vibration signal of transmission is true and reliable, thus the precision of warranty test.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the utility model embodiment one structural representation;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the utility model embodiment one unidirectional biography connector construction synoptic diagram that shakes;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the utility model embodiment one unidirectional biography connector partial schematic sectional view of shaking;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the shake synoptic diagram of another kind of structure of connector of the utility model embodiment one unidirectional biography;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the utility model embodiment two structural representations.
In the above accompanying drawing: 1, test piece worktable; 2, first vibration machine; 3, the first unidirectional biography connector that shakes; 4, second vibration machine; 5, the second unidirectional biography connector that shakes; 6, the 3rd vibration machine; 7, the 3rd unidirectional biography connector that shakes; 8, first Connection Block; 9, second Connection Block; 10, intermediate connector; 11, pressure oiling duct; 12, guide rail; 13, slide block; 14, stop the anticreep face; 15, guide pillar; 16, pilot hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further described:
Embodiment one: shown in accompanying drawing 1, a kind of three-axis vibration test apparatus comprises a test piece worktable 1, three vibration machines and three unidirectional biographies connector that shakes; Center of gravity with test piece worktable 1 is a benchmark, on the Z direction, arrange first vibration machine 2, this first vibration machine 2 is electric vibration tables, and the vibrating mass of first vibration machine 2 (being the moving-coil in the electric vibration table) and the test piece worktable 1 bottom surface first unidirectional biography connector 3 that shakes is connected; On directions X, arrange second vibration machine 4, this second vibration machine 4 also is electric vibration table, and the vibrating mass of second vibration machine 4 (being the moving-coil of electric vibration table) and test piece worktable 1 are connected perpendicular to the side second unidirectional biography of the directions X connector 5 that shakes; Arrange that on the Y direction the 3rd vibration machine 6, the three vibration machines 6 also are electric vibration tables, the corresponding side surface of the vibrating mass of the 3rd vibration machine 6 (being the moving-coil of electric vibration table) and test piece worktable 1 is connected through the 3rd unidirectional biography connector 7 that shakes.
Embodiment one: shown in accompanying drawing 1~accompanying drawing 2, described each unidirectional biography connector that shakes is made up of first Connection Block 8, second Connection Block 9 and intermediate connector 10, wherein, intermediate connector 10 is between first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9, one end of intermediate connector 10 and first Connection Block, 8 guiding are slidingly connected, constitute the first guiding sliding pair, the other end of intermediate connector 10 and second Connection Block, 9 guiding are slidingly connected, and constitute the second guiding sliding pair; The first guiding sliding pair is vertical mutually in the space with the second guiding sliding pair, and constitute the shake plane that is free to slide of connector of unidirectional biography, and intermediate connector 10 is located by connecting on perpendicular to the described direction that is free to slide the plane with respect to first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9, and constitutes the unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of the connector direction of shaking of shaking; The first unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector 3 direction of shaking of shaking is the Z direction, and the second unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector 5 direction of shaking of shaking is a directions X, and the 3rd unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector 7 direction of shaking of shaking is the Y direction; Described unidirectional biography is shaken first Connection Block 8 of connector and second Connection Block 9 among both, fixedlys connected with test piece worktable 1 for one, and another is fixedlyed connected with the vibrating mass (being the work top on the moving-coil) of vibration machine.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, each unidirectional biography is shaken and is established guide rail 12 on first Connection Block 8 of connector and second Connection Block 9, intermediate connector 10 is a rod member, its two ends are provided with slide block 13, be slidingly matched in the guide rail that slide block 13 embeds on first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9, constitute two sliding pairs with this; And guide rail 12 openings of first Connection Block, 8 second Connection Blocks 9 stop anticreep face 14 along last being provided with to the inside, and this stops that anticreep face 14 stops with slide block 13 and cooperate, is located by connecting on unidirectional biography is shaken direction with this on unidirectional biography is shaken direction.Draw for example in the accompanying drawing 2 cross section of slide block 13 is a rectangle, and reality also can be circle, triangle, polygon or other abnormity.In order to make the unidirectional biography connector that shakes keep being rigidly connected effect in the direction of transmitting vibrations, reduce degree of distortion, transmitting vibrations better, as shown in Figure 3, can in first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9, pressure oiling duct 11 be set, (being between slide block 13 and the guide rail 12) forms the static pressure oil film in the guiding sliding pair, and this static pressure oil film constitutes hydrostatic support on unidirectional biography is shaken direction.The principle that forms hydrostatic support is: see accompanying drawing 3, when slide block 13 is subjected to downward thrust moment, the oil film that slide block 13 moves down trace extruding slide block 13 downsides makes its attenuation, and the space of slide block 13 upsides increases, because the incompressibility of liquid, the suffered pressure of slide block 13 downsides is just greater than the pressure of upside, under the promotion of descending wall pressure, original position in the middle of slide block 13 can be got back to very soon keeps being rigidly connected.
In order to reduce test piece worktable 1 influence that the skew of test specimen tailheaviness is brought is being installed, described test piece worktable 1 also can be provided with elastic bearing or suspended structure (not drawing among the figure) on the Z direction, wherein elastic support structure is from supported underneath test piece worktable 1, and the resilient suspension structure is from overhung test piece worktable 1.
Present embodiment specifically can also descend local preferable variation for illustrating:
1, described vibration machine 2,4 and 6 not necessarily will adopt electric vibration table, also can adopt mechanical vibration generator system, hydraulic vibration gen or mechanical vibration mechanism.
2, each vibration machine 2,4 with 6 with study being connected of worktable 1, can adopt one group of unidirectional biography shake connector promptly at least two unidirectional biographies connector that shakes connect side by side.
3, the shake sliding pair of connector of unidirectional biography not necessarily will adopt slide block guide rail to cooperate, can also adopt existing various gliding movement targeting structure, as shown in Figure 4, promptly be a preferable alternatives: a guide pillar 15 is established in the end of intermediate connector 10, first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9 are a guide pin bushing, wherein offer pilot hole 16, be arranged in slide-and-guide in the pilot hole 16 with guide pillar 15.And, also can establish pressure oiling duct 11 (not drawing among Fig. 4) on this first Connection Block 8 and second Connection Block 9, make to form the static pressure oil film between guide pillar and pilot hole mating surface, reach hydrostatic support.
Present embodiment has following three kinds of use-patterns: first kind: X, Y or Z direction be the vibration test of effect separately; Second kind: the compound vibration test that both direction acts on simultaneously; The third: three compound vibration tests that direction acts on simultaneously, when carrying out the compound vibration test that three directions act on simultaneously, can be by artificially designing and coordinate the vibrational waveform of each vibration machine, make three axial compound vibrations reappear natural vibration waveform under the real working condition, make it to reach near the natural reality vibrating effect.Specifically: people can place product under the real operating mode and test, go out the suffered real compound vibration waveform of product with sensor, by computational analysis this vibrational waveform is resolved into the vibration wave that X, Y or Z folk prescription make progress then, the vibration wave design ground of three vibratory wave generators of present embodiment is conformed to the vibration wave of this three direction, superposition is compound again on test specimen simultaneously for the tripartite upwards vibration wave of X, Y or Z when testing like this, thereby truly reappear the natural vibration under the real working condition, vibration test result's accuracy is significantly improved.
Embodiment two: shown in accompanying drawing 5, a kind of three-axis vibration test apparatus is with the difference of embodiment: it comprises a test piece worktable 1, two vibration machines and two unidirectional biographies connector that shakes; Center of gravity with test piece worktable 1 is a benchmark, and the vibrating mass of arranging first vibration machine, 2, the first vibration machines 2 on the Z direction and the test piece worktable 1 bottom surface first unidirectional biography connector 3 that shakes is connected; Arrange second vibration machine 4 (being to arrange on the directions X as shown in the figure) on X or Y direction, the corresponding side surface of the vibrating mass of second vibration machine 4 and test piece worktable 1 is connected through the second unidirectional biography connector 5 that shakes; The first unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector 3 direction of shaking of shaking is the Z direction, and the second unidirectional biography unidirectional biography of connector 5 direction of shaking of shaking is X or Y direction (being directions X as shown in FIG.).
Other guide changes all with embodiment one as the shake concrete structure of connector of unidirectional biography, repeats no more here.
Present embodiment also has three kinds of operating positions: but these three kinds exist different with embodiment one: and first kind: X, Z direction be the vibration test of effect separately; Second kind: the compound vibration test that X, Z both direction act on simultaneously; The third: by the mode of upset test specimen, finish the compound vibration test that the vibration test of independent effect of Y direction and Y direction and Z direction act on simultaneously.
The foregoing description only is explanation technical conceive of the present utility model and characteristics, and its purpose is to allow the personage who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present utility model and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection domain of the present utility model with this.All equivalences of being done according to the utility model spirit change or modify, and all should be encompassed within the protection domain of the present utility model.