CN201041137Y - Maximum power tracking wind and light complementary system - Google Patents
Maximum power tracking wind and light complementary system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201041137Y CN201041137Y CNU2007200485046U CN200720048504U CN201041137Y CN 201041137 Y CN201041137 Y CN 201041137Y CN U2007200485046 U CNU2007200485046 U CN U2007200485046U CN 200720048504 U CN200720048504 U CN 200720048504U CN 201041137 Y CN201041137 Y CN 201041137Y
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a maximum power tracking wind and light complementing system, comprising a wind power generator, a photovoltaic battery array, and a storage battery, which also includes a maximum power tracking controller. The wind power generator is connected with the storage battery via a wind power charger, the photovoltaic battery array is connected with the storage battery via a photovoltaic charger, the maximum power tracking controller is respectively connected with the wind power generator, the wind power charger, the photovoltaic battery array, and the photovoltaic charger, which is used to receive and analyze the DC voltage and the DC current of the wind power generator, the output voltage and the output current of the wind power charger, the DC voltage and the DC current of the photovoltaic battery array, the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic charger, so as to control the photovoltaic battery array and the wind power generator to output maximum power.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a small-size scene complementary system especially relates to a maximum power tracking scene complementary system.
Background
In recent years, the development of wind power generation systems below 10kW in China is fast, particularly models below 2kW are successfully designed and manufactured to run and maintain, and the basic domestic power utilization problem of a large number of farmers, herders and fishermen without power and with little power is solved. However, the existing system generally adopts the output of the generator to directly charge the storage battery, and does not control the conversion link of the wind turbine, so that the utilization coefficient of wind energy is lower, generally about 0.3. According to the Betz theory, the limit value of the wind energy utilization coefficient is 0.593, and if the wind turbine is controlled to always run at the optimal tip speed ratio, the annual energy production can be improved by 20-30%. Large wind power generators often use three-phase synchronous generators, and a speed change device is required to maintain the rotation speed of the generator. The small wind driven generator mostly uses a three-phase asynchronous generator, a speed change device is not needed, but the frequency of alternating current generated by the generator under rated wind speed changes along with the change of the wind speed. In China, the small wind power generation system always works below rated power because of uneven distribution of wind power resources and the influence of seasons on wind power. The optimal tip speed ratio which is nearly constant can be kept in a wide wind speed range, so that the operation efficiency of the wind turbine is improved, and more energy is obtained from wind.
In a photovoltaic cell power generation system, according to the working principle of a solar cell, when natural conditions such as illumination intensity and temperature change, the output characteristics of the solar cell change accordingly, and the output power and the maximum operating point also change accordingly. The electric energy indexes such as power generation voltage and power output and the conversion efficiency of the solar power generation control device are directly influenced. In an actual application system, the radiation intensity of natural light and the transmittance of the atmosphere are both in dynamic changes, which brings difficulty to the efficient application of a photovoltaic system.
According to the characteristics, a wind-solar hybrid system is usually adopted to realize stable power output at present, but in the control of the existing wind-solar hybrid system, the outputs of a solar battery and a wind-driven generator are combined together after being subjected to non-return by a diode, and the combined output is subjected to DC-DC battery charging. Because the CVT is designed simply and has low cost, many products still adopt the working method to replace the relatively complex MPPT (maximum power tracker), but the method is not real maximum power tracking, and the power loss caused by the working method is not economical compared with the rapid development of modern microelectronic technology and the great price reduction of microelectronic devices. Therefore, the energy on the wind-solar complementary system can be fully utilized only by adopting a new topological circuit and a new control technology, and the maximum utilization rate is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a maximum power tracking scene is complementary system, solves the power loss problem that exists at present, and the energy on the complementary system of make full use of scene realizes the biggest utilization ratio to the shortcoming of prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that: a maximum power tracking wind-solar complementary system comprises a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic cell array, a storage battery and a maximum power tracking controller, wherein the wind driven generator is connected with the storage battery through a wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the storage battery through a photovoltaic charger, the maximum power tracking controller is respectively connected with the wind driven generator, the wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array and the photovoltaic charger and used for receiving and analyzing direct current voltage and direct current of the wind driven generator, output voltage and output current of the wind power charger, direct current voltage and direct current of the photovoltaic cell array and output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic charger so as to control the photovoltaic cell array and the wind driven generator to output maximum power.
The maximum power tracking controller is a dsPIC30F4012 single chip microcomputer.
And the wind power charger and the photovoltaic charger are both buck circuits.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model adopts the photovoltaic charger and the wind charger to respectively control the output energy of the photovoltaic battery array and the wind driven generator to charge the storage battery, when the wind speed reaches the starting wind speed, the maximum power tracking controller enters the working state; when the wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed, the maximum power tracking controller tracks the power change of the wind turbine generator in a power control mode; when the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed, the rotating speed of the wind turbine is limited through the mechanical structure of the wind turbine, so that the wind turbine runs close to constant power.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a main circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a charging schematic block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a linear circuit of the maximum power tracker.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the incremental conductance method.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a maximum power tracking flow.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the maximum power tracking wind-solar hybrid system of the present embodiment includes a wind power generator, a photovoltaic cell array, a storage battery and a maximum power tracking controller, wherein the wind power generator is connected to the storage battery through a wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array is connected to the storage battery through a photovoltaic charger, and the maximum power tracking controller is respectively connected to the wind power generator, the wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array and the photovoltaic charger. To achieve maximum power capture in wind and photovoltaic systems, and for ease of description, the capacity of the storage battery is assumed to be large enough to contain the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array and the wind turbine.
The Maximum Power Tracker (MPPT) is used to operate the solar cell array at the Maximum output Power Point. In the embodiment, the maximum power tracker adopts a single chip microcomputer with the model number of dsPIC30F 4012. Referring to fig. 6, in order to realize MPPT control, dc voltage and dc current of the photovoltaic cell array, output voltage and current of the photovoltaic charger, dc voltage and dc current of the wind turbine generator, and output voltage and current of the wind turbine charger are measured, and then digital signals are input to the single chip microcomputer through a/D conversion, and are analyzed and calculated to output PWM pulses to control the switching tubes in the conversion circuit of the photovoltaic charger and the wind turbine charger. In this embodiment, a high-performance differential amplifier is used for all the dc voltage and dc current measurements. In the application, a single singlechip is used for simultaneously realizing independent PWM (pulse width modulation) drive control output of the photovoltaic charger and the wind power charger conversion circuit. The dsPIC30F4012 is a 1-bit 6-bit microprocessor specifically designed for motor high-speed control and switching power supplies. It has 1 16-bit CPU and 1 DSP core. When the internal clock frequency is 120MHz at most, 1 MCPWM controller special for the motor with 6 channels. The special PWM controller for the MCPWM motor in the dsPIC30F4012 chip is one of the characteristic designs. This arrangement greatly simplifies the control software and external hardware for generating the PWM waveforms, and can be programmed to generate independent three-phase 6-way PWM waveforms having the same frequency and mode of operation, or to program the frequency and mode of operation of each PWM channel individually. Each PWM pin drives current up to 25mA.
The wind power charger and the photovoltaic charger respectively adopt a BUCK (voltage reduction type) circuit to respectively control the output energy of the photovoltaic battery array and the wind power generator to charge the storage battery pack.
Under certain light intensity and temperature, the maximum power point of a photovoltaic cell exists, and the V-I characteristic of the photovoltaic cell under certain light intensity changes along with the output cell. Due to the nonlinearity of the output characteristic of the photovoltaic cell, the working point of the photovoltaic cell is not near the maximum power point at the moment, so that the energy of the photovoltaic cell is wasted.
Similarly, when the wind speed changes, the rotating speed of the wind power generator also changes, and the maximum power point of the wind power generation also changes.
Referring to FIG. 4, the power on the load is given by equation (1), and equation (1) is applied to R o Derivation, since both V and R are constants, formula (2) can be obtained:
when R is o ＝R i When is, P Ro There is a maximum value. For a linear circuit, the power supply has maximum power output when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of the power supply. Although both the solar cell and the DC-DC conversion circuit are strongly non-linear, in a very short time, they can be considered as linear circuits. Therefore, when R is o ＝R i When R is o The voltage across both ends is V i /2. This indicates that: if R is o The voltage across both ends being equal to V i /2，P Ro And likewise is a maximum value.
MPPT can also be understood that the power generation system is equivalent to a voltage source having an internal resistance which constantly changes under the influence of the external (e.g., temperature, solar illuminance, wind speed, etc.) and internal, and the load end is a variable load influenced by the power supply voltage and the external user load. If it is desired to ensure that the load side always receives the maximum power supply, R is always ensured o ＝R i . So as long as the equivalent resistance of the DC-DC conversion circuit is adjusted to be always equal to the internal resistance of the photovoltaic cell (wind power generator), light can be realizedThe maximum output of the photovoltaic battery (wind driven generator) also realizes the MPPT of the photovoltaic battery (wind driven generator).
Referring to fig. 5, an incremental conductance method (incond method for short) is used as an algorithm for realizing MPPT. The purpose of MPPT on photovoltaic cells and wind generators is to enable the charging circuit to obtain maximum power. If the efficiency of the DC-DC converter is sufficiently high, it can be approximated that: the output power of the photovoltaic cell and the wind generator is also maximized when the storage battery obtains the maximum charging power. The incond method can determine the relationship between the operating point voltage and the maximum power point voltage. For power has
P＝I×V (3)
The two ends are differentiated by V, and I is taken as the function of V, so that the method can be obtained
As can be seen from equation 4, when dP/dV > 0, V is less than the maximum power point voltage; when dP/dV is less than 0, V is greater than the maximum power point voltage; when dP/dV =0, v is the maximum power point voltage. Namely have
Thus, the MPPT can be tracked by adjusting the operating point voltage according to the relation between dI/dV and-I/V. Here, a reference voltage V is introduced ref ，
Vk, ik are the newly measured values from which the changes in I and V are calculated. Firstly, judging whether dV is 0, if V and I are not changed, adjusting is not needed; if it is notIf V is unchanged and dI is not 0, then the adjustment is made according to the positive and negative pairs of dI. If dV is not 0, then V is corrected according to the relationships given by equations (5), (6) and (7) ref And (6) adjusting. Therefore, the inconld method estimates the approximate position of the maximum power point by measurement and comparison each time, and then adjusts the position according to the result.
And adjusting the setting relation of the voltage delta V to the condition whether the algorithm can accurately realize the MPPT function. The larger Δ V setting leads to insufficient tracking accuracy, so that the working point can not reach the maximum power point all the time; otherwise, the tracking speed is reduced, and electric energy is wasted.
Referring to fig. 6, a timing counter of the single chip generates a timing interrupt of 35kpbs, and after the timing interrupt, an incremental conductance subroutine is run to determine a value of the PWM signal duty ratio D, and finally, the PWM signal is output to the driving circuit. This ensures that the output frequency of the PWM is 35KHz. And actions such as protection of the wind-solar hybrid system are executed in the next period of PWM.
Claims (3)
1. A maximum power tracking wind-solar hybrid system comprises a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic cell array and a storage battery and is characterized by further comprising a maximum power tracking controller, wherein the wind driven generator is connected with the storage battery through a wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array is connected with the storage battery through a photovoltaic charger, the maximum power tracking controller is respectively connected with the wind driven generator, the wind power charger, the photovoltaic cell array and the photovoltaic charger and is used for receiving and analyzing direct current voltage and direct current of the wind driven generator, output voltage and output current of the wind power charger, direct current voltage and direct current of the photovoltaic cell array and output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic charger so as to control the photovoltaic cell array and the wind driven generator to output maximum power.
2. The maximum power tracking wind-solar hybrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum power tracking controller is a dsPIC30F4012 single chip microcomputer.
3. The maximum power tracking wind-solar hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the wind charger and the photovoltaic charger are buck circuits.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNU2007200485046U CN201041137Y (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Maximum power tracking wind and light complementary system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNU2007200485046U CN201041137Y (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Maximum power tracking wind and light complementary system |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101752879A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-23 | 盈正豫顺电子股份有限公司 | Device and method for charging rechargeable battery of independent generating system |
| CN102155358A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-17 | 张文迅 | Light-gathering wind and light complementary power station with automatic sun tracking function and maximum power point tracking function |
| RU2443904C1 (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Читинский государственный университет (ЧитГУ) | Method to convert wind energy into electric energy |
| CN102368670A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-07 | 山亿新能源股份有限公司 | Sensor-free type maximum power tracking control method |
| CN101459997B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2012-08-29 | 安徽风日光电科技有限责任公司 | Wind light complementary road lamp intelligent controller having adaptive adjustment capability |
| CN102723743A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-10 | 兰州交通大学 | Coordination control method for grid-connected wind-solar hybrid generating system |
| CN102969766A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-13 | 中科恒源科技股份有限公司 | Wind and photovoltaic hybrid power generation system |
| CN104635832A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-20 | 上海锦德电器电子有限公司 | Impedance conversion circuit |
| CN108708827A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-26 | 南京宁风能源科技有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency wind driven generator group |
| CN114244246A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-03-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Wind-solar hybrid power station and installation method thereof |
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2007
- 2007-02-09 CN CNU2007200485046U patent/CN201041137Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101752879B (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2014-11-12 | 盈正豫顺电子股份有限公司 | Device and method for charging rechargeable battery of independent generating system |
| CN101752879A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-23 | 盈正豫顺电子股份有限公司 | Device and method for charging rechargeable battery of independent generating system |
| CN101459997B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2012-08-29 | 安徽风日光电科技有限责任公司 | Wind light complementary road lamp intelligent controller having adaptive adjustment capability |
| RU2443904C1 (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2012-02-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Читинский государственный университет (ЧитГУ) | Method to convert wind energy into electric energy |
| CN102155358A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-17 | 张文迅 | Light-gathering wind and light complementary power station with automatic sun tracking function and maximum power point tracking function |
| CN102368670A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-03-07 | 山亿新能源股份有限公司 | Sensor-free type maximum power tracking control method |
| CN102368670B (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2014-03-19 | 山亿新能源股份有限公司 | Sensor-free type maximum power tracking control method |
| CN102723743A (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-10 | 兰州交通大学 | Coordination control method for grid-connected wind-solar hybrid generating system |
| CN102969766A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-13 | 中科恒源科技股份有限公司 | Wind and photovoltaic hybrid power generation system |
| CN104635832A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-20 | 上海锦德电器电子有限公司 | Impedance conversion circuit |
| CN104635832B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2017-05-17 | 上海锦德电器电子有限公司 | Impedance conversion circuit |
| CN108708827A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-26 | 南京宁风能源科技有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency wind driven generator group |
| CN114244246A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-03-25 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Wind-solar hybrid power station and installation method thereof |
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Owner name: SHENZHEN CITY YANGGUANG FUYUAN SCIENCE CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ZHUHAI TAINENG ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20080613 |
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Effective date of registration: 20080613 Address after: Room 10, building G block F, Guangdong city of Shenzhen province Luohu District Garden City zip code: 518001 Patentee after: Shenzhen Richful Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: Guangdong Province, Zhuhai Nanping Science and Technology Park North Road No. two screen nine, zip code: 519000 Patentee before: Zhuhai Taineng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Hunan Yangguang Fuyuan Photoelectric Industry Co., Ltd. Assignor: Shenzhen Richful Solar Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Contract record no.: 2011990001002 Denomination of utility model: Maximum power tracking wind and light complementary system Granted publication date: 20080326 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20111024 |
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Granted publication date: 20080326 Termination date: 20110209 |