CN201016734Y - Mini-type atom gyroscope - Google Patents
Mini-type atom gyroscope Download PDFInfo
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- CN201016734Y CN201016734Y CN 200620157328 CN200620157328U CN201016734Y CN 201016734 Y CN201016734 Y CN 201016734Y CN 200620157328 CN200620157328 CN 200620157328 CN 200620157328 U CN200620157328 U CN 200620157328U CN 201016734 Y CN201016734 Y CN 201016734Y
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a miniature atom gyroscope comprising a vacuum glass cavity, a alkali metals releaser, an angle valve, a double-face flange, an ion pump and a biased magnetic field base; an atom chip is connected with a supporting base and the supporting base is installed in a vacuum glass cavity; the vacuum glass cavity is connected with a cross joint by the double-face flange; the cross joint is separately connected with the angle valve, the ion pump and a feed-through flange. The utility model has simple structure and excellent feasibility; the measurement of the utility model is accurate and the utility model can be widely used for inertial navigation.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the utility model relates to an utilize cold atom to interfere the loop and measure pivoted miniature atom gyroscope, especially relate to one kind and utilize atom chip to imprison and control cold atom to further utilize the atom on the atom chip to guide the interference loop that forms to realize the miniature cold atom gyroscope of pivoted measurement, its mainly used inertial navigation.
Background art:
currently, the gyroscope used for inertial navigation is mainly an optical gyroscope, whose principle is to measure the rotation speed by using the movement of interference fringes caused by the Sagnac (Sagnac) effect caused by rotation in an optical interference loop:
where A is the area enclosed by the interference loop, Ω is the speed of rotation, and m is the mass of a photon or atom.
The optical gyroscope can be easily miniaturized and put into practical use, and the defects and shortcomings of the optical gyroscope are mainly low measurement precision. The atomic gyroscope utilizes the fluctuation of atoms to form interference and further forms an interference loop surrounding a certain area, and the measurement accuracy of the atomic gyroscope for measuring the rotation speed by utilizing the Sagnac effect can be greatly improved because the mass of atoms is much larger than that of photons, and a very small rotation can cause a phase difference which is much larger than that of an optical gyroscope under the same loop area, so that the resolution and the accuracy of the gyroscope are greatly improved. At present, the types of atom gyroscopes which are realized internationally are mainly two, namely a hot atom beam gyroscope and a cold atom gyroscope, and the measurement precision of the atom gyroscopes is higher than that of any other type gyroscopes by several orders of magnitude; but the disadvantage and the disadvantage are that the whole system is huge and is difficult to be put into practical use.
The invention content is as follows:
an object of the utility model is to provide a miniature atomic gyroscope, the structure is simple and convenient, and convenient operation measures accurately, and the feasibility is strong, and this miniature atomic gyroscope is on not influencing current atomic gyroscope to rotating high accuracy measurement's basis, has carried out miniaturized design to the atomic gyroscope, makes it become the cold atomic gyroscope that can carry.
The utility model relates to a design of miniature atomic gyroscope system to and utilize the cold atom interference loop that the guide constitutes on the atomic chip to measure pivoted technical scheme: a miniature atomic gyroscope comprises a vacuum glass cavity, an alkali metal releasing agent (purchased in the market), an angle valve, a double-sided flange, an ion pump and a bias magnetic field base, and is characterized in that an atomic chip is connected with a supporting base, the supporting base is installed in the vacuum glass cavity, the vacuum glass cavity is connected with a four-way joint through the double-sided flange, and the four-way joint is respectively connected with the angle valve, the ion pump and a feed-through flange; the supporting base is composed of an oxygen-free copper base, a ceramic base, four fixing supporting rods, a copper electrode and an oxygen-free copper wire. The oxygen-free copper base is connected with the ceramic base, the copper electrode is fixed on the ceramic base, one end of the copper electrode is respectively connected with the alkali metal releasing agent, the oxygen-free copper conducting wire and the atomic chip, and the other end of the copper electrode is connected with the feed-through flange. The whole system is based on an atomic chip, firstly, a photoetching technology is utilized to etch a micro lead wire required by the system on a gold-plated substrate to manufacture the atomic chip, wherein the micro lead wire on the atomic chip comprises four lead wires forming double Y-shaped atom guide, a pair of U-shaped lead wires which are respectively arranged at two sides of the four lead wires of the double Y-shaped atom guide and used for trapping atoms, and a U-shaped lead wire which is arranged at one side of the four lead wires of the double Y-shaped atom guide and used for scanning atomic phase. Adhering the prepared atomic chip to a supporting base by using a heat conduction insulating adhesive which can be used in high vacuum, wherein the middle part of the supporting base is an oxygen-free copper base for heat dissipation, a gap is reserved at the middle part between the oxygen-free copper base and the atomic chip and is used for penetrating two oxygen-free copper leads fixed on the ceramic base, the edge of the oxygen-free copper base is fixed with an insulating ceramic base, the leads on the atomic chip are connected with copper electrodes on the ceramic base by using gold wires by using a spot welding technology, the copper electrodes are finally led out of a vacuum system through a feed-through flange, and an alkali metal releasing agent is fixed on the copper electrodes on the side surfaces of the ceramic base and is used for generating required atomic steam, such as rubidium atomic steam; the supporting base provided with the atomic chip is finally placed in a vacuum system consisting of a four-way valve, a right-angle valve, an ion pump, a feed-through flange, a double-sided flange and a vacuum glass cavity, and is fixed on the double-sided flange through four fixing support rods; the whole system is connected with a pre-stage vacuum pre-pumping system such as a molecular pump mechanical pump and the like through a right-angle valve, after a relatively ideal high vacuum is obtained, the right-angle valve is closed, the pre-stage system is disconnected, and the whole vacuum system is maintained in a high vacuum state through an ion pump. Then fixing a vacuum system above the bias magnetic field base, and ensuring that an atom chip in the vacuum glass cavity is positioned in the center of a pair of rectangular anti-Helmholtz coils which are fixed on the bias magnetic field base and form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction; a pair of rectangular reverse Helmholtz coils forming an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction are fixed on the bias magnetic field base, and meanwhile, the rectangular Helmholtz coils are fixed on the bias magnetic field base in the XYZ directions respectively.
The utility model provides an utilize the cold atom interference loop that atom guide formed on the chip to measure pivoted technical scheme does: firstly, an atom chip is taken as a mirror surface, and a quadrupolar magnetic field and trapping laser generated by a pair of rectangular reverse Helmholtz coils which form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction and are fixed on a bias magnetic field base form a mirror surface magneto-optical trap to trap atoms; then, cold atoms are transferred to the chip through a U-shaped mirror surface magnetic optical trap formed by a quadrupole magnetic field and trapping laser, wherein the quadrupole magnetic field and the U-shaped mirror surface magnetic optical trap are formed by a pair of U-shaped conducting wires used for trapping the atoms on the chip and a uniform magnetic field generated by a pair of rectangular Helmholtz coils fixed on a bias magnetic field base in the X direction; then, cold atoms are further transferred to atom guides formed by a pair of rectangular Helmholtz coils fixed on the bias coil base in the Z direction and on the atom chip, and cold atom groups move in the double-Y atom guides by using a gradient magnetic field generated by two oxygen-free copper wires below the atom chip, and the beam splitting and beam combining of the cold atom groups are realized through the double-Y atom guides; because the coherence length of cold atoms is very small, the larger the area of an interference loop required by measuring rotation is, the better the interference loop is, and thus interference fringes are difficult to obtain in a momentum space by directly utilizing the beam splitting and beam combining guided by the atoms; in order to obtain good interference fringes, the coherence property of the atomic internal state must be utilized, that is, before beam splitting, atoms are coherently prepared to one sub-energy level of the ground state, such as one of two sub-energy levels on the 5S ground state of rubidium-85, after beam splitting, two paths of atoms generate phase difference due to sagnac effect caused by rotation, after beam combining, the atomic number distribution on a certain ground state energy level is coherently detected to obtain interference fringes, and the phase difference caused by rotation can be read out from the interference fringes, so that the rotation speed (omega) is obtained, and the rotation measurement is realized.
The utility model relates to a miniature atomic gyroscope's characteristics lie in:
1. the atom chip is used for operating cold atoms, the whole system is small, and the atom gyroscope can be carried.
2. The atom guiding on the atom chip is utilized to realize the beam splitting and beam combining of atoms, a large interference loop can be obtained in a small system, and therefore the precision of the atom gyroscope cannot be influenced on the basis of miniaturization
3. The atom internal state coherence and the atom guiding are combined to realize a Mach-Zehnder (Mach-Zehnder) atom interferometer, so that the miniaturization and the practicability of atom interference are realized, and a miniaturized atom interference loop is further utilized to realize the accurate measurement of rotation.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro atomic gyroscope.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an overall appearance of an atomic chip.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conductive line on the atomic chip of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a side view of an atomic chip supporting base.
FIG. 5 is a top view of an atomic chip supporting base.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as can be seen from fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the atomic chip consists of a vacuum glass cavity 6, an atomic chip 13, an alkali metal releasing agent 20, a cross joint 3, an angle valve 1, a feed-through flange 2, a double-sided flange 5 and an ion pump 4, and is characterized in that the atomic chip 13 is connected with a support base 8, the support base 8 is installed in the vacuum glass cavity 6, the vacuum glass cavity 6 is connected with the cross joint 3 through the double-sided flange 5, and the cross joint 3 is respectively connected with the angle valve 1, the ion pump 4 and the feed-through flange 2; the supporting base 8 is composed of an oxygen-free copper base 21, a ceramic base 19, four fixing support rods 17, copper electrodes 18 and oxygen-free copper wires 22. The oxygen-free copper base 21 is connected with the ceramic base 19, the copper electrode 18 is fixed on the ceramic base 19, one end of the copper electrode 18 is connected with the alkali metal releasing agent 20, the oxygen-free copper wire 22 and the atomic chip 13, and the other end is connected with the feed-through flange 2.
The core of the system is an atom chip 13, and the micro-conducting wires on the atom chip 13 comprise four conducting wires 15 forming double Y-shaped atom guides, a pair of U-shaped conducting wires 16 arranged on two sides of the four conducting wires 15 of the double Y-shaped atom guides respectively and used for trapping atoms, and one U-shaped conducting wire 14 arranged on one side of the four conducting wires 15 of the double Y-shaped atom guides and used for scanning the atomic phase. Firstly, adhering the atomic chip 13 to the supporting base 8 by using an insulating heat conduction adhesive which can be used in high vacuum; the whole supporting base 8 consists of five parts, namely an oxygen-free copper base 21 right below the atomic chip 13, a ceramic base 19 fixed on the edge of the oxygen-free copper base 13, and two cold atom driving magnetic field oxygen-free copper wires 22 which are fixed on the Tao Cide base 19 and penetrate through a gap between the oxygen-free copper base 21 and the atomic chip 13 and are used for limiting and driving the cold atomic groups to move in the double Y-shaped atom guide 15; and four struts 17 to finally attach the mount to the double-sided flange 5 and copper electrodes 18 for connection to the on-chip leads.
The ceramic base 19 fixed on the edge of the oxygen-free copper base 21 is mainly used for fixing the copper electrodes 18, the alkali metal releasing agent 20 is fixed on the two copper electrodes 18 on the outermost edge, the top ends of the copper electrodes 18 are connected with the conducting wires on the atomic chip 13 through gold wires, the bottom ends of all the copper electrodes 18 are led to the feed-through flange 2 through insulated wires, and finally the feed-through flange 2 is connected to a power supply outside the vacuum chamber.
The support base 8 with the atomic chip 13 mounted thereon is finally placed in a vacuum system and fixed on the double-sided flange 5 by four fixing support rods 17.
The whole vacuum cavity is shown in the attached figure 1 and mainly comprises a feed-through flange 2, a standard four-way valve 3, a right-angle valve 1, an ion pump 4, a double-sided flange 5 and a vacuum glass cavity 6. The whole system is connected with a pre-stage vacuum pre-pumping system such as a molecular pump mechanical pump and the like through a right-angle valve 1, after a relatively ideal high vacuum is obtained, the right-angle valve 1 is closed, the pre-stage system is disconnected, and the whole vacuum system is maintained in a high vacuum state through an ion pump 4. Then the vacuum glass chamber 6 is fixed above the bias magnetic field base 12, and the atomic chip 13 in the vacuum glass chamber 6 is ensured to be at the center of a pair of rectangular reverse Helmholtz coils 7 which are fixed on the bias magnetic field base 12 and form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction. A pair of rectangular anti-Helmholtz coils 7 which generate a quadrupole magnetic field and form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction are fixed on the bias magnetic field base 12, and rectangular Helmholtz coils 9, 10 and 11 which generate a uniform magnetic field are respectively fixed on the bias magnetic field base 12 in the XYZ direction.
The specific implementation mode of measuring rotation is as follows: firstly, electrifying and heating the alkali metal releasing agent 20 to release a certain amount of atomic steam; then, an atom chip 13 is used as a mirror surface (a black part in the middle of the atom chip 13 in the attached figure 2), and a mirror surface magneto-optical trap which is formed by a pair of quadrupole magnetic fields which are arranged outside a glass vacuum cavity 6 and form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction and generated by a rectangular reverse Helmholtz coil 7 is combined to trap and cool atoms; then, a pair of rectangular reverse Helmholtz coils 7 which form an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction outside the vacuum cavity are turned off, and meanwhile, a pair of U-shaped leads 16 used for trapping atoms on the atom chip 13 and a pair of rectangular Helmholtz coils 11 in the X direction on the bias coil base 12 are turned on, so that cold atoms are transferred to the atom chip 13; then, the current of the pair of rectangular helmholtz coils 10 in the Z direction on the double Y-shaped atom guide 15 and the bias coil base 12 and the current of the pair of rectangular helmholtz coils 10 in the Z direction on the atom chip 13 can be turned on, the laser and the confinement magnetic field can be turned off at the same time, and Leng Yuan molecules are transferred to a static magnetic trap formed by the double Y-shaped atom guide 15, the pair of rectangular helmholtz coils 10 in the Z direction on the bias coil base 12 and the pair of cold atom driving magnetic field oxygen-free copper wires 22 in the Z direction on the atom chip 13; at this time, the current of one oxygen-free copper wire 22 below the atomic chip is turned off, and the current of the other oxygen-free copper wire is increased, so that an initial speed can be given to the cold radicals, the cold radicals start to move in the double-Y type atom guide 22, and simultaneously, the current of the pair of rectangular helmholtz coils 9 in the Y direction on the bias coil base is turned on, so that the atoms are prevented from decoherence when moving in the double-Y type guide, and the beam splitting and beam combining of the cold atoms are realized coherently.
Before beam splitting, the cold atomic groups are coherently prepared to one energy level of a ground state, such as one of an F =2 state and an F =3 state of 5S of rubidium 85, the cold atomic groups are separated and finally combined through two different paths, the phase difference of atoms of the two different paths is scanned by changing the current magnitude of an atomic interference phase scanning U-shaped lead 14, and atomic interference fringes can be obtained after coherent detection is carried out on the cold atomic group ground state cloth after combination; the phase difference of the atoms caused by rotation can be read from the movement of the interference fringes, and then the rotation speed can be calculated according to the theory of Sagnac effect.
The technical scheme can realize the miniaturized atomic gyroscope with simple structure and high stability, and has wide application prospect.
Claims (5)
1. A miniature atomic gyroscope comprises a vacuum glass cavity (6), an alkali metal releasing agent (20), an angle valve (1), a double-faced flange (5), an ion pump (4) and a bias magnetic field base (12), and is characterized in that an atomic chip (13) is connected with a supporting base (8), the supporting base (8) is installed in the vacuum glass cavity (6), the vacuum glass cavity (6) is connected with a four-way joint (3) through the double-faced flange (5), and the four-way joint (3) is connected with the angle valve (1), the ion pump (4) and a feed-through flange (2) respectively.
2. The micro atomic gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein the supporting base (8) is composed of an oxygen-free copper base (21), a ceramic base (19), four fixing struts (17), a copper electrode (18) and an oxygen-free copper wire (22), the oxygen-free copper base (21) is connected with the ceramic base (19), the copper electrode (18) is fixed on the ceramic base (19), one end of the copper electrode (18) is respectively connected with the alkali metal releasing agent (20), the oxygen-free copper wire (22) and the atomic chip (13), and the other end is connected with the feed-through flange (2).
3. The micro atomic gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum glass chamber (6) is fixed above the bias magnetic field base (12), and the atomic chip (13) in the vacuum glass chamber (6) is fixed at the center of a pair of rectangular inverse Helmholtz coils (7) on the bias magnetic field base (12) at an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.
4. The micro atomic gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein a pair of rectangular anti-helmholtz coils (7) forming an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal are fixed to the bias magnetic field base (12), and rectangular helmholtz coils (9, 10, 11) are fixed to the bias magnetic field base (12) in XYZ directions, respectively.
5. The micro atomic gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein the micro wires on the atomic chip (13) include four wires (15) of double Y-shaped atom guide and a pair of U-shaped wires (16) of trapped atoms arranged on both sides of the four wires (15) of double Y-shaped atom guide, respectively, and one U-shaped wire (14) of scanning atomic phase arranged on one side of the four wires (15) of double Y-shaped atom guide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620157328 CN201016734Y (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2006-11-14 | Mini-type atom gyroscope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620157328 CN201016734Y (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2006-11-14 | Mini-type atom gyroscope |
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| CN201016734Y true CN201016734Y (en) | 2008-02-06 |
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| CN 200620157328 Expired - Fee Related CN201016734Y (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2006-11-14 | Mini-type atom gyroscope |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100538269C (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2009-09-09 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Miniature atomic gyroscope |
| US8373112B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2013-02-12 | Cnrs | Cold atom interferometry sensor |
| CN104819712A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Magnetic compensation coil structural component for miniature nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope |
| US9134450B2 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2015-09-15 | Muquans | Cold atom gravity gradiometer |
| CN109785988A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-05-21 | 北京量子体系科技股份有限公司 | A kind of atom guiding device |
-
2006
- 2006-11-14 CN CN 200620157328 patent/CN201016734Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100538269C (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2009-09-09 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Miniature atomic gyroscope |
| US8373112B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2013-02-12 | Cnrs | Cold atom interferometry sensor |
| US9134450B2 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2015-09-15 | Muquans | Cold atom gravity gradiometer |
| CN104819712A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Magnetic compensation coil structural component for miniature nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope |
| CN109785988A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-05-21 | 北京量子体系科技股份有限公司 | A kind of atom guiding device |
| CN109785988B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-11-20 | 重庆鲲量科技有限公司 | Atom guiding device |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080206 Termination date: 20091214 |