CN103763847B - The unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic - Google Patents
The unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic Download PDFInfo
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- CN103763847B CN103763847B CN201410014819.3A CN201410014819A CN103763847B CN 103763847 B CN103763847 B CN 103763847B CN 201410014819 A CN201410014819 A CN 201410014819A CN 103763847 B CN103763847 B CN 103763847B
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Abstract
The unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic, mainly comprises vacuum cavity, field system and light path system.The present invention is for the preparation of the cold atom source of high density, long coherence time.The present invention aims at helmholtz coil by one and solid conductor forms the micro-magnetic well of Ioffe-Pritchard, the gradient fields utilizing it to produce searches the unwise atomic state of magnetic, there is device simple and easy, volume is little, low in energy consumption, the advantage such as easy to operate, being beneficial to the coherent manipulation research realizing atomic state in integrating sphere, providing a kind of new technology for finally developing high precision small satellite atomic clock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic well system of miniaturized low-power consumption, particularly the unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic.The gradient fields produced is utilized to search the unwise atomic state of magnetic, thus the cold atom source of preparation high density, long coherence time.Have device simple and easy, volume is little, low in energy consumption, easy to operate feature, for development high precision small satellite atomic clock provides better experiment porch.
Background technology
Integrating sphere cooling is a kind of new laser-cooling technology that Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai ray machine institute Wang Yu bamboo academician proposes first, it utilizes the Doppler effect of the change automotive resistance atom of the rink corner degree that diffuses, compare with Magneto-Optical Trap technology with traditional optical molasses, this experimental program has the advantages such as simple to operate, device is simple and easy, volume is little, low in energy consumption and cold atom capture efficiency is high.
In recent years, in the research of integrating sphere cooling mechanism and integrating sphere atomic clock, achieve greater advance both at home and abroad, cause the extensive concern of scientific circles.France observatory N.Dimarcq group utilize integrating sphere cooling technology to obtain in calendar year 2001 temperature is 3.5 μ K, atomicity is 2.5 × 10
8supercool Cs atom gas, and achieved the principle prototype of integrating sphere cesium-beam atomic clock in 2010, frequency stability index is 3.2 × 10
-15wan Miao.Up to now, integrating sphere Physics of Cold Atoms and accurate measurement research concentrate on the laser cooling aspect diffused after the match more, and this technology cannot eliminate Doppler frequency shift, and interatomic coherence time is shorter, atom number is less, thus can affect precision and the accuracy of atomic clock measurement.
Reported first of the present invention builds the imprison system of neutral atom in integrating sphere, and object is to obtain high density, long coherence time, stable cold atom source; Meet miniaturized, low in energy consumption, demand simple to operate simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic, preparation high density, long coherence time, stable cold atom source, improve precision and the accuracy of the measurement of integrating sphere atomic clock.Adopt Ioffe-Pritchard (IP) micro-magnetic well to imprison the atom of cooling, the atomic density in integrating sphere can also be improved while saving power consumption, strive that atomic density improves an order of magnitude than the result reported; Extend interatomic coherence time, strengthen the stability of cold atom cloud.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic, mainly comprise vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, its feature is:
Described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, be made up of glass spheres, diffuse coatings and glass absorber pond, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres is opened a Φ 10mm hole and is fired on described glass absorber pond, described diffuse coatings is a kind of barium sulfate material, be evenly coated in glass spheres outer wall, described diffuse coatings has respectively along to become 45 degree of symmetrical the first light hole, the second light hole, the 3rd light hole and the 4th light holes with positive and negative Z axis, described glass absorber pond is made up of quartz glass and the sealing-in of stainless steel counter flange;
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire, the left coil of described accurate helmholtz coil and right coil are placed on described glass spheres both sides external symmetrically, and the axis of left coil and right coil and the centre of sphere of glass spheres coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, the size of described left coil and right coil is identical with the size of current passed through, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil and right coil provide a uniform bias-field, the magnetic field, ball centre place making glass spheres is zero, described single ultra high vacuum wire is folded into 7 sections along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle in glass spheres, form three section leads along four section leads of Z-direction transmission and the inwall near glass spheres (1), two of described wire is passed by a hole on the left of glass spheres, connect with outside vacuum binding post, and the adjacent between two spacing of four section leads is identical, the sense of current is contrary, a linear magnetic field heterogeneous is provided, and produce magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres,
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam, second cooling light beam and detecting light beam, first cooling light beam and the second cooling light beam are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, first cooling light beam is by the first light hole of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Z axis, second cooling light beam is by the second light hole of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with negative Z axis, the center of relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, by the 3rd light hole of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, 4th light hole, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Y-axis.
Described single ultra high vacuum wire is all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid the Q value reducing integrating sphere.
Three section leads of the inwall of described close glass spheres are pasted onto on the inwall of glass spheres respectively by two blocks of potsherds.
The advantage of the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention has:
1, apparatus of the present invention are simple and easy, and element is few, simple to operate, are convenient to fine tune;
2, apparatus of the present invention volume is little, low in energy consumption, improves the utilance of laser energy;
3, apparatus of the present invention rise and fall insensitive to the polarization of incident laser, luminous power, to magnetic field shake immunity, considerably increase the stability of system;
4, apparatus of the present invention extend interatomic coherence time in integrating sphere, have been beneficial to highly accurate quantum manipulation experiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of integrating sphere Vacuum spheres of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the space layout schematic diagram of single ultra high vacuum wire.
Fig. 3 is integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention unwise imprison system global structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
First refer to Fig. 3, as seen from the figure, the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention, mainly comprise vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, by glass spheres 1, diffuse coatings 2 and glass absorber pond 3 form, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres 1 is opened a Φ 10mm hole C and is fired on described glass absorber pond 3, described diffuse coatings 2 is a kind of barium sulfate materials, be evenly coated in glass spheres 1 outer wall, described diffuse coatings 2 have respectively along to become 45 degree of symmetrical first light hole a with positive and negative Z axis, second light hole b, 3rd light hole c and the 4th light hole d, described glass absorber pond 3 is made up of quartz glass and stainless steel counter flange D sealing-in,
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire 4, the left coil 5 of described accurate helmholtz coil and right coil 6 are placed on described glass spheres 1 both sides external symmetrically, and the centre of sphere of the axis of left coil 5 and right coil 6 and glass spheres 1 is coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, described left coil 5 and the size of right coil 6 are identical with the size of current passed through, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil 5 and right coil 6 provide a uniform bias-field, the magnetic field, ball centre place making glass spheres 1 is zero, and 1. described single ultra high vacuum wire 4 is folded into along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle in glass spheres 1, 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. totally 7 sections, see Fig. 2, formed along Z-direction transmission four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. and near glass spheres 1 inwall three section leads 5., 6., 7., two of described wire 1., 7. passed by a hole E on the left of glass spheres 1, connect with outside vacuum binding post e, and four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. adjacent between two spacing is identical, and the sense of current is contrary, provides a linear magnetic field heterogeneous, and produces magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres (1),
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam A 1, second cooling light beam A 2 and detecting light beam B, first cooling light beam A 1 and the second cooling light beam A 2 are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, first cooling light beam A 1 is by the first light hole a of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Z axis, second cooling light beam A 2 is by the second light hole b of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with negative Z axis, the center of the two relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam B is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, described detecting light beam B is by the 3rd light hole c of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, 4th light hole d, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Y-axis.
Described single ultra high vacuum wire 4 is all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid the Q value reducing integrating sphere.
5., 6., 7. described conducting line segment is pasted onto on the inwall of glass spheres 1 respectively by two pieces of potsherd f.
Embodiment:
Glass spheres 1 aperture is about Φ 45mm, and a Φ 10mm aperture C is opened in spheroid lower end, fires on the glass absorber pond 3 of business, and perforate C should not be too large, otherwise can destroy the spatially uniform of light field in ball; Diffuse coatings 2 is a kind of barium sulfate materials, is evenly coated in the outer wall of glass spheres 1, in the diffuse reflectance of 450nm to 800nm wave band up to 96%, coating is opened the light hole a of four Φ 2mm, b, c, d; Commercial glass absorption cell 3 is realized by quartz glass and stainless steel counter flange D sealing-in.
Two accurate helmholtz coils provide a uniform bias magnetic field, make the magnetic field non-zero at ball centre place, thus avoid causing serious atom loss owing to there is Majorana transition near magnetic field zero, realize the imprison of atom in Z-direction simultaneously, obtain darker potential well to imprison the atom of cooling, two, left and right coil should as much as possible near integrating sphere.Single ultra high vacuum wire 4 folds along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle, in glass spheres (1) formed along Z-direction transmission four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4., this distribution mode can reduce the percent opening of integrating sphere, and adjacent wires spacing is identical, and the sense of current is contrary, a linear magnetic field heterogeneous is provided, and producing magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres 1, wire pitch, as much as possible near sphere center position, realizes the tight-binding of atom in X and Y-direction; Wire is all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid the Q value reducing integrating sphere.Wire two is passed by a hole E on the left of integrating sphere, connects with outside vacuum binding post e; Wire both sides are pasted onto on glass spheres 1 inwall by two pieces of potsherd f.By choosing suitable bias magnetic field size, in conjunction with gradient fields state selection, the unwise imprison of the magnetic of cold atom cloud in integrating sphere finally can be realized.
As Fig. 1: light beam A 1 is by the light hole a of integrating sphere, and along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Z axis, light beam A 2 is by the light hole b of integrating sphere, and edge becomes positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with negative Z axis; Light beam B is by two light hole c of integrating sphere, and after d, edge becomes positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Y-axis.A hole C is opened in glass spheres (1) lower end, communicates with counter flange D; A hole E is opened in glass spheres (1) left side, and communicate with vacuum FeedthroughF, e is two vacuum binding posts.
Experiment shows, under the condition only having two bundle laser incidences, the non-imprison device of atomicity density ratio of imprison will improve an order of magnitude, and the stability of whole atomic group improves greatly.Compare with traditional pulsed-beam time-of-flight methods (TOF) thermometry, we adopt recoil induced resonance (RIR) spectrographic technique, find that the temperature of whole atomic group is lower.The temperature of present cold atom cloud is at 200 μ about K.Therefore, the present invention will provide better cold atom source for satellite atomic clock experiment of future generation.
Claims (3)
1. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic, mainly comprises vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, it is characterized in that:
Described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, by glass spheres (1), diffuse coatings (2) and glass absorber pond (3) composition, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres (1) is opened a Φ 10mm hole (C) and is fired on described glass absorber pond (3), described diffuse coatings (2) is a kind of barium sulfate material, be evenly coated in glass spheres (1) outer wall, described diffuse coatings (2) have respectively along to become 45 degree of symmetrical first light holes (a) with positive and negative Z axis, second light hole (b), 3rd light hole (c) and the 4th light hole (d), described glass absorber pond (3) is made up of quartz glass and stainless steel counter flange (D) sealing-in,
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire (4), the left coil (5) of described accurate helmholtz coil and right coil (6) are placed on described glass spheres (1) both sides external symmetrically, and the centre of sphere of the axis of left coil (5) and right coil (6) and glass spheres (1) is coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, described left coil (5) and the size of right coil (6) are identical with the size of current passed through, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil (5) and right coil (6) provide a uniform bias-field, make the ball centre place magnetic field non-zero of glass spheres (1), 1. described single ultra high vacuum wire (4) is folded into along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle in glass spheres (1), 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. totally 7 sections, formed along Z-direction transmission four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. and near glass spheres (1) inwall three section leads 5., 6., 7., two of described wire 1., 7. passed by glass spheres (1) one hole, left side (E), connect with outside vacuum binding post (e), and four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. adjacent between two spacing is identical, and the sense of current is contrary, provides a linear magnetic field heterogeneous, and produces magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres (1),
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam (A1), second cooling light beam (A2) and detecting light beam (B), first cooling light beam (A1) and the second cooling light beam (A2) are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, first cooling light beam (A1) is by the first light hole (a) of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Z axis, second cooling light beam (A2) is by the second light hole (b) of integrating sphere, along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with negative Z axis, the center of relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam (B) is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, described detecting light beam (B) is by the 3rd light hole (c) of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, 4th light hole (d), along becoming positive 45 degree of directions to propagate with positive Y-axis.
2. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic according to claim 1, is characterized in that described single ultra high vacuum wire (4) is all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid the Q value reducing integrating sphere.
3. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that 5., 6., 7. described conducting line segment is pasted onto on the inwall of glass spheres (1) respectively by two blocks of potsherds (f).
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| CN105185425B (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-03-15 | 山西大学 | Prepare the dark Magneto-Optical Trap method and device of atomic space scalable of super cold polar molecule |
| CN108346963A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-31 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Spherical gas chamber |
| FR3082301B1 (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2020-07-03 | Thales | COOLING SYSTEM FOR COLD-ATOM SENSOR AND METHOD OF COOLING THEREOF |
| CN109282803A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-29 | 北京量子体系科技股份有限公司 | The preparation method of spherical atomic air chamber |
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