CN103763847A - Integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system - Google Patents
Integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103763847A CN103763847A CN201410014819.3A CN201410014819A CN103763847A CN 103763847 A CN103763847 A CN 103763847A CN 201410014819 A CN201410014819 A CN 201410014819A CN 103763847 A CN103763847 A CN 103763847A
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Abstract
An integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system mainly comprises a vacuum cavity, a magnetic field system and an optical path system. The integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system is used for manufacturing high-density and long-coherence-time cold atom sources. According to the integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system, an Ioffe-Pritchard micro magnetic trap is formed through an aligning Helmholtz coil and a single wire, and the magnetism-insensitive atomic state is searched for through a gradient field generated by the micro magnetic trap. The integrating sphere magnetism-insensitive imprisoning system has the advantages of being simple, small in size, low in power consumption, convenient to operate and favorable for forming coherent control researches on the atomic state in an integrating sphere, and a new technology is provided for finally developing small high-accuracy satellite-borne atomic clocks.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the magnetic well system of miniaturization low-power consumption, particularly the unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic.Utilize the gradient fields producing to search the unwise atomic state of magnetic, thereby prepare high density, the cold atom source of long coherence time.Have device simple and easy, volume is little, low in energy consumption, and easy to operate feature, for development high precision small satellite atomic clock provides better experiment porch.
Background technology
Integrating sphere is cooling is a kind of new laser-cooling technology that the Shanghai ray machine Wang Yu of institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences bamboo academician proposes first, it utilizes the Doppler effect of the variation automotive resistance atom of the rink corner degree that diffuses, compare the advantage such as that this experimental program has is simple to operate, it is simple and easy to install, volume is little, low in energy consumption and cold atom capture efficiency height with Magneto-Optical Trap technology with traditional optical molasses.
In recent years, in the research of integrating sphere cooling mechanism and integrating sphere atomic clock, obtain greater advance both at home and abroad, caused the extensive concern of scientific circles.It is that 3.5 μ K, atomicity are 2.5 * 10 that the N.Dimarcq group of France observatory utilizes integrating sphere cooling technology to obtain temperature in calendar year 2001
8supercool caesium atomic gas, and in 2010, realized the principle prototype of integrating sphere cesium-beam atomic clock, frequency stability index is 3.2 * 10
-15@ten thousand seconds.Up to now, integrating sphere Physics of Cold Atoms and accurate measurement research concentrate on the cooling aspect of the laser diffusing after the match more, and this technology cannot be eliminated Doppler frequency shift, and interatomic coherence time is shorter, atom number is less, thereby can affect precision and accuracy that atomic clock is measured.
Reported first of the present invention builds the imprison system of neutral atom in integrating sphere, and object is to obtain high density, long coherence time, stable cold atom source; Meet miniaturization, demand low in energy consumption, simple to operate simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the unwise imprison system of a kind of integrating sphere magnetic, preparation high density, long coherence time, stable cold atom source, improve precision and accuracy that integrating sphere atomic clock is measured.Adopt the micro-magnetic well of Ioffe-Pritchard (IP) to imprison cooling atom, when saving power consumption, can also improve the atomic density in integrating sphere, strive atomic density than the result of having reported and improve an order of magnitude; Extend interatomic coherence time, strengthen the stability of cold atom group.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic, mainly comprises vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, and its feature is:
Described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, by glass spheres, diffuse reflection coating and glass absorption cell, formed, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres is opened a Φ 10mm hole and is fired on described glass absorption cell, described diffuse reflection coating is a kind of barium sulfate material, be evenly coated in glass spheres outer wall, in described diffuse reflection coating, have edge respectively and become the first symmetrical light hole of 45 degree, the second light hole, the 3rd light hole and four-way unthreaded hole with positive and negative Z axis, described glass absorption cell consists of quartz glass and the sealing-in of stainless steel counter flange;
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire, the left coil of described accurate helmholtz coil and right coil are placed on described glass spheres both sides external symmetrically, and the axis of left coil and right coil and the centre of sphere of glass spheres are coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, described left coil and the size of right coil and the size of current of being passed through are identical, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil and right coil provide a uniform bias-field, the magnetic field, ball centre place that makes glass spheres is zero, described single ultra high vacuum wire is folded into 7 sections along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle in glass spheres, formation is along three section leads of four section leads of Z-direction transmission and the inwall of close glass spheres (1), two of described wire is passed by one hole, glass spheres left side, join with outside vacuum binding post, and four section leads between two adjacent spacing are identical, current opposite in direction, a linearity magnetic field heterogeneous is provided, and produce magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres,
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam, the second cooling light beam and detecting light beam, the first cooling light beam and the second cooling light beam are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, the first cooling light beam is by the first light hole of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Z axis, propagate, the second cooling light beam is by the second light hole of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with negative Z axis, propagate, the center of relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, by the 3rd light hole of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, four-way unthreaded hole, along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Y-axis, propagate.
On described single ultra high vacuum wire, be all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid reducing the Q value of integrating sphere.
Three section leads of the inwall of described close glass spheres stick on the inwall of glass spheres by two blocks of potsherds respectively.
The advantage of the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention has:
1, apparatus of the present invention are simple and easy, and element is few, simple to operate, are convenient to fine tune;
2, apparatus of the present invention volume is little, low in energy consumption, has improved the utilance of laser energy;
3, apparatus of the present invention are insensitive to the polarization of incident laser, luminous power fluctuating, to magnetic field shake immunity, greatly increased the stability of system;
4, apparatus of the present invention have extended interatomic coherence time in integrating sphere, have been beneficial to highly accurate quantum and have controlled experiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of integrating sphere vacuum spheroid of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the space layout schematic diagram of single ultra high vacuum wire.
Fig. 3 is the unwise imprison system global structure of integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not limit the scope of the invention with this.
First refer to Fig. 3, as seen from the figure, the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic of the present invention, mainly comprise vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, by glass spheres 1, diffuse reflection coating 2 and glass absorption cell 3 form, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres 1 is opened a Φ 10mm hole C and is fired on described glass absorption cell 3, described diffuse reflection coating 2 is a kind of barium sulfate materials, be evenly coated in glass spheres 1 outer wall, in described diffuse reflection coating 2, have respectively along become the first symmetrical light hole a of 45 degree with positive and negative Z axis, the second light hole b, the 3rd light hole c and four-way unthreaded hole d, described glass absorption cell 3 consists of quartz glass and stainless steel counter flange D sealing-in,
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire 4, the left coil 5 of described accurate helmholtz coil and right coil 6 are placed on described glass spheres 1 both sides external symmetrically, and the centre of sphere of the axis of left coil 5 and right coil 6 and glass spheres 1 is coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, described left coil 5 and the size of right coil 6 and the size of current of being passed through are identical, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil 5 and right coil 6 provide a uniform bias-field, the magnetic field, ball centre place that makes glass spheres 1 is zero, 1. described single ultra high vacuum wire 4 is folded in glass spheres 1 along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle, 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. totally 7 sections, referring to Fig. 2, form along four section leads of Z-direction transmission 1., 2., 3., and near three section leads of the inwall of glass spheres 1 5. 4., 6., 7., two of described wire 1., 7. by glass spheres 1 left side one hole E, pass, vacuum binding post e joins with outside, and four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. adjacent spacing is identical between two, and current opposite in direction, provides a linearity magnetic field heterogeneous, and produces magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres (1),
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam A 1, the second cooling light beam A 2 and detecting light beam B, the first cooling light beam A 1 and the second cooling light beam A 2 are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, the first cooling light beam A 1 is by the first light hole a of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Z axis, propagate, the second cooling light beam A 2 is by the second light hole b of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with negative Z axis, propagate, the center of the two relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam B is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, described detecting light beam B is by the 3rd light hole c of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, four-way unthreaded hole d, along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Y-axis, propagate.
On described single ultra high vacuum wire 4, be all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid reducing the Q value of integrating sphere.
Described conducting line segment 5., 6., 7. stick on the inwall of glass spheres 1 by two potsherd f respectively.
Embodiment:
Two accurate helmholtz coils provide a uniform bias magnetic field, make the magnetic field non-zero at ball centre place, thereby avoid owing to existing Majorana transition to cause serious atom loss near magnetic field zero, realize the imprison of atom in Z direction simultaneously, obtain darker potential well and imprison cooling atom, two of left and right coil should be as much as possible near integrating sphere.Single ultra high vacuum wire 4 is folding along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle, in glass spheres (1), form along four section leads of Z-direction transmission 1., 2., 3., 4., this distribution mode can reduce the percent opening of integrating sphere, and adjacent wires spacing is identical, current opposite in direction, a linearity magnetic field heterogeneous is provided, and producing magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres 1, wire pitch, as much as possible near sphere center position, realizes the tight-binding of atom in X and Y-direction; On wire, be all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating, to avoid reducing the Q value of integrating sphere.Wire two is passed by integrating sphere left side one hole E, and vacuum binding post e joins with outside; Wire both sides stick on glass spheres 1 inwall by two potsherd f.By choosing suitable bias magnetic field size, in conjunction with gradient fields state selection, finally can realize the unwise imprison of magnetic of cold atom group in integrating sphere.
As Fig. 1: light beam A 1 is by the light hole a of integrating sphere, and along become positive 45 degree directions to propagate with positive Z axis, light beam A 2 is by the light hole b of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions to propagate with negative Z axis; Light beam B is by two light hole c of integrating sphere, after d, along become positive 45 degree directions to propagate with positive Y-axis.A hole C is opened in glass spheres (1) lower end, and D communicates with counter flange; Glass spheres (1) left side opening one hole E, communicates with vacuum Feed through F, and e is two vacuum binding posts.
Experiment shows to only have under the condition of two bundle laser incidents, and the non-imprison device of the atomicity density ratio of imprison will improve an order of magnitude, and the stability of whole atomic group improves greatly.With traditional pulsed-beam time-of-flight methods (TOF) thermometry, compare, we adopt recoil induction resonance (RIR) spectrographic technique, find that the temperature of whole atomic group is lower.The temperature of present cold atom group is in 200 μ K left and right.Therefore, the present invention will provide better cold atom source for satellite atomic clock experiment of future generation.
Claims (3)
1. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic, mainly comprises vacuum cavity, field system and light path system, it is characterized in that:
Described vacuum cavity is an integrating sphere, by glass spheres (1), diffuse reflection coating (2) and glass absorption cell (3) form, the spheroid lower end of described glass spheres (1) is opened a Φ 10mm hole (C) and is fired on described glass absorption cell (3), described diffuse reflection coating (2) is a kind of barium sulfate material, be evenly coated in glass spheres (1) outer wall, in described diffuse reflection coating (2), have respectively along become symmetrical the first light hole (a) of 45 degree with positive and negative Z axis, the second light hole (b), the 3rd light hole (c) and four-way unthreaded hole (d), described glass absorption cell (3) consists of quartz glass and stainless steel counter flange (D) sealing-in,
Described field system comprises an aligning helmholtz coil and single ultra high vacuum wire (4), the left coil of described accurate helmholtz coil (5) and right coil (6) are placed on described glass spheres (1) both sides external symmetrically, and the centre of sphere of the axis of left coil (5) and right coil (6) and glass spheres (1) is coaxial, Z axis along coordinate distributes, the size of described left coil (5) and right coil (6) and the size of current of being passed through are identical, and the sense of current is also identical, described left coil (5) and right coil (6) provide a uniform bias-field, the magnetic field, ball centre place that makes glass spheres (1) is zero, 1. described single ultra high vacuum wire (4) is folded in glass spheres (1) along rectangular coordinate system XYZ axle, 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. totally 7 sections, form along four section leads of Z-direction transmission 1., 2., 3., and near three section leads of the inwall of glass spheres (1) 5. 4., 6., 7., two of described wire 1., 7. by glass spheres (1) one hole, left side (E), pass, join with outside vacuum binding post (e), and four section leads 1., 2., 3., 4. adjacent spacing is identical between two, and current opposite in direction, provides a linearity magnetic field heterogeneous, and produces magnetic field zero at the centre of sphere of glass spheres (1),
Described light path system comprises the first cooling light beam (A1), the second cooling light beam (A2) and detecting light beam (B), the first cooling light beam (A1) and the second cooling light beam (A2) are exported by two root multimode fibers respectively, the first cooling light beam (A1) is by first light hole (a) of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Z axis, propagate, the second cooling light beam (A2) is by second light hole (b) of integrating sphere, along become positive 45 degree directions with negative Z axis, propagate, the center of relative directive integrating sphere, described detecting light beam (B) is exported by another root single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, described detecting light beam (B) is by the 3rd light hole (c) of integrating sphere, the center of integrating sphere, four-way unthreaded hole (d), along become positive 45 degree directions with positive Y-axis, propagate.
2. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic according to claim 1, is characterized in that being all coated with high diffuse reflectance coating on described single ultra high vacuum wire (4), to avoid reducing the Q value of integrating sphere.
3. the unwise imprison system of integrating sphere magnetic according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described conducting line segment 5., 6., 7. stick on the inwall of glass spheres (1) by two blocks of potsherds (f) respectively.
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| CN108346963A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-31 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Spherical gas chamber |
| CN109282803A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-29 | 北京量子体系科技股份有限公司 | The preparation method of spherical atomic air chamber |
| CN112470235A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-03-09 | 泰勒斯公司 | Cooling system for cold atom sensor and related cooling method thereof |
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| CN112470235A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-03-09 | 泰勒斯公司 | Cooling system for cold atom sensor and related cooling method thereof |
| CN112470235B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2024-04-09 | 泰勒斯公司 | Cooling system for cold atom sensor and related cooling method thereof |
| CN109282803A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-29 | 北京量子体系科技股份有限公司 | The preparation method of spherical atomic air chamber |
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