CN200996876Y - Temperature field detection device in metal powder laser forming process - Google Patents
Temperature field detection device in metal powder laser forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN200996876Y CN200996876Y CN200620093234.6U CN200620093234U CN200996876Y CN 200996876 Y CN200996876 Y CN 200996876Y CN 200620093234 U CN200620093234 U CN 200620093234U CN 200996876 Y CN200996876 Y CN 200996876Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a metal powder laser rapid prototyping technique specifically is a temperature field detection device in metal powder laser rapid prototyping course of working. The method comprises the following steps: 1) the rotary table is connected with the driving device; 2) the optical filters with two wavelengths are uniformly fixed on the turntable at intervals; 3) the positioning control part adopts a photoelectric sensor to sense the position of the positioning device; 4) the image acquisition unit consists of a camera and an image acquisition card, and an infrared image acquired by the camera is transmitted to the computer processing unit through the image acquisition card; 5) the driving device consists of a stepping motor, and the rotating speed is determined by the frame rate of a camera in the image acquisition unit; the whole body is obliquely arranged beside the laser optical axis and fixed on the optical axis. Adopt the utility model discloses can be at the temperature distribution and the trend of change of metal powder laser rapid prototyping in-process real-time detection molten bath temperature field, and then carry out real-time temperature adjustment to its course of working parameter.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the non-contact temperature measuring technology in metal powder laser Rapid Prototyping technique and temperature field, specifically is temperature field pick-up unit in a kind of metal powder laser quick shaping machining process.
Background technology
The metal powder laser forming technology, come across the later stage nineties 20th century, be based on a novel processing and manufacturing technology on Rapid Prototyping technique basis, its unique metal parts processing characteristic makes it obtain common concern, research and the application of vast scientific research institutions etc. in recent years.Metal powder laser forming is the process of a multifactor impact, for example working process parameter changes, the instability of environmental baseline etc. all can influence the quality of drip molding, and the accumulative total owing to error in continuous process often causes the quality of drip molding or precision not to reach requirement, thereby it is extremely necessary to set up the process real-time detection control system.Facts have proved that it is an important parameter of reflection process condition that the temperature field distributes, stable temperature field can guarantee the quality and the dimension precision requirement of drip molding.
Temp measuring method has two kinds, and contact temperature-measuring and contactless temperature-measuring according to the laser processing procedure circumstance complication, should be selected contactless temperature-measuring method for use.At present, the noncontact infrared measurement of temperature is that a research is popular aspect quick shaping, and existing research department utilizes infrared eye to carry out thermometric, and is bigger but this instrument is disturbed by processing environment, and the cost height.Infrared image color comparison temperature measurement method based on dual wavelength is used for carrying out the detection in temperature field in welding, field of metallurgy at present, application in the quick shaping machining process yet there are no report, main constraint is factors such as the temperature field range of temperature is big, field range is narrow and small, processing environment inclement condition, and therefore the application of infrared image color comparison temperature measurement method in the laser fast forming process based on dual wavelength is a new temperature detection technology.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of Temperature Distribution and variation tendency that can detect temperature field of molten pool in metal powder laser quick shaping process in real time, and and then its process parameter is carried out the pick-up unit that real time temperature is adjusted.
The technical solution of the utility model comprises:
-rotating disk links to each other with drive unit;
-a plurality of optical filters, one group in twos, wherein one group of wavelength is 0.79 μ m, another group wavelength 0.921 μ m, bandwidth is 0.01 μ m, is fixed on the rotating disk the optical filter of 4 two kinds of wavelength is evenly spaced;
-positioning control parts adopt photoelectric sensor induction locating device position;
-image acquisition units, be made up of video camera and image pick-up card, the infrared image that video camera is gathered is transferred in the computer processing unit through image pick-up card, carry out the analysis of image by image processing program, thereby the temperature field that obtains the molten bath distributes and change information;
-drive unit is made of stepper motor, and rotating speed is determined by the frame rate of the video camera in the image acquisition units;
-integral inclination 15-30 ° angle is installed in the laser beam axis side, is fixed on the optical axis, in company with axis movement.
Described optical filter number can be 2-8; Video camera adopts 8～12 times of zoom lens, can realize the telemeasurement of small field of view.
Its principle is: the utility model is a theoretical foundation with the Planck blackbody radiation law, set up the temperature field real-time online detection system in a kind of process, utilize the radiation image colorimetric algorithm in molten bath to try to achieve bath temperature, obtaining bath temperature by temperature analysis software distributes, information such as temperature changing trend, for follow-up temperature control provides control parameter information, reach the balance in temperature field.
The utlity model has following characteristics:
1. dual wavelength infrared image colorimetric non-contact thermometry.Though the contact temperature-measuring method is simple, be not suitable for the complex work environment of laser fast forming process, and monochromatic infrared image detection instrument needs complicated demarcation, and be subjected to the processing conditions variable effect bigger.This temp measuring system adopts dual wavelength infrared image colorimetric non-contact temperature measuring method.Dual wavelength image two-color thermometry is to determine temperature value according to the ratio of two adjacent wavelength radiation energy in the same place of synchronization, thereby has eliminated the influence of surround lighting and radiance preferably.Be not subjected to the influence of material, distance and surface appearance based on the thermometric structure of the dual wavelength infrared image color comparison temperature measurement system model of CCD, and this measuring method has the Temperature Distribution that does not influence measured object, and respond advantages such as rapid.
2. rotating disk optical filter and drive unit.In the colour temperature measuring process, needing the infrared image of continuous acquisition two width of cloth by two different wave length optical filters to carry out colorimetric handles and asks for temperature, the optical filter that will have two different wave lengths in this system is evenly distributed on the rotating disk at interval, with the stepper motor is that drive unit drives the rotating disk quick rotation, thereby the optical filter consecutive intervals of different wave length is appeared in the camera review collection light path.The use of multiple optical filters has improved the replacement speed of optical filter, has guaranteed that two kinds of wavelength filter substitute the consistent of speed and camera review frequency acquisition.
3. single channel type image acquisition light path.Optical filter and ccd video camera form single channel type in light path, promptly use an optical detection device timesharing to receive the heat radiation bundle, adopt two kinds of different wave length optical filters to handle this heat radiation bundle again, in image acquisition process, the advantage of single channel type is to use a video camera, reduce system cost, simple in structure, be convenient to adjust.The existence of rotating disk optical filter, drive unit and positioning element has guaranteed the optical filter speed that timesharing is switched in the single channel type image capturing system and has accurately located.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall system layout of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is the schematic layout pattern of optical filter on rotating disk.
Fig. 3 is the installation site synoptic diagram of this temperature-detecting device on laser instrument.
Fig. 4 is an embodiment color comparison temperature measurement of a utility model software flow pattern.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further specified.
Temperature field detection method in the utility model metal powder laser forming process: adopt dual wavelength infrared image color comparison temperature measurement method, alternately be arranged in the collection light path by optical filter timesharing with two kinds of wavelength, continuous acquisition in steps comes from the image in the molten bath of two kinds of wavelength, carrying out the gradation of image colorimetric according to two width of cloth infrared images from different wave length calculates, relation according to its ratio and temperature, try to achieve the temperature value of each point on the image, with gray-scale value representation temperature value, and then gray level image, again the gray level image that is generated is carried out Flame Image Process, and then ask its shape and temperature changing trend; Described image acquisition light path adopts single channel type; Begin when being in the camera field of view center in the molten bath to measure.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model system for detecting temperature device 14 is by rotating disk 1 (circle), positioning control parts (comprising dog screw 2 and photoelectric sensor 3), container body of outer cover 4, drive unit 5 (stepper motor), radiator fan 6, data processing unit 8 (CPU), industrial computer 9, optical filter 11, form, concrete:
Adopt four optical filters 11 (described optical filter number can be the 2-8 sheet, decides according to the rotating disk size), be one group in twos, every group of a kind of wavelength is respectively 0.79 μ m, 0.921 μ m, and the equal 0.01 μ m of bandwidth, evenly the compartment of terrain is fixed on the rotating disk 1; Image acquisition units 8 is made up of video camera 10 (CCD) and image pick-up card 7, and the infrared image that video camera is gathered is transferred to the analysis of carrying out image in the computer processing unit through image pick-up card, thereby the temperature field that obtains the molten bath distributes and change information; Wherein video camera 10 is positioned at rotating disk 1 rear, during rotation, over against one of them optical filter 11, makes optical filter 11 accurately be arranged in video camera 10 and gathers light path; Window 12 is installed on the container body of outer cover 4, is positioned at rotating disk 1 the place ahead, and with video camera 10 on the axis of same light path; The axle of drive unit 5 (present embodiment employing stepper motor) is connected with rotating disk 1 axis; Locating device (present embodiment adopts dog screw 2) is positioned on rotating disk and the optical filter center line and in the disk edge position, and photoelectric sensor 3 is installed in the position radiator fan 6 that can respond to dog screw (2) in the container body of outer cover 4 and is installed on container body of outer cover 4 walls.
This real-time online temperature field pick-up unit carries out the continuous acquisition and the view data of molten bath heat radiation image in process handles, its specific implementation process is as follows, in Fig. 1, drive unit 5 drives rotating disk 1 and rotates, photoelectric sensor sense 3 is used to respond to dog screw 2, dog screw 2 is positioned on rotating disk and the optical filter center line and in the disk edge position, this locating and detecting device can guarantee when carrying out image acquisition, optical filter 11 accurately is arranged in ccd video camera 10 and gathers light path, rotation along with rotating disk, the optical filter of two kinds of wavelength alternately appears to be gathered in the light path, the heat radiation image of two width of cloth different wave lengths of continuous acquisition is transferred in the data processing unit 8 through image pick-up card 7, carry out colorimetric calculating by the colorimetric data handling procedure that is stored in wherein, try to achieve the temperature of molten bath 15 each points.In laser processing procedure, carry out the continuous acquisition and the processing of image by this temp measuring system, obtain the Temperature Distribution and the analysis of trend of temperature field of molten pool, realize the real-time online measuring ability.
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of optical filter 11 on rotating disk, four optical filters with two kinds of wavelength are evenly distributed on the rotating disk at interval, by the step motor drive dial rotation, optical filter 11 timesharing are in the light path, guaranteed the alternately appearance of two kinds of wavelength filter 11 in the gatherer process.The use of four tablet filters 11 has improved the alternately speed of optical filter, makes it and video camera 10 image acquisition Frequency Synchronization.Dog screw and photoelectric sensor have guaranteed the accurate positioning of optical filter in light path.
Fig. 3 is these temperature-detecting device 14 installation site synoptic diagram, and this device is installed in the laser beam axis side, is fixed on the optical axis, in company with axis movement.Install at 20 ° of angles of whole device inclination, and initial measuring distance is 250mm, makes molten bath 15 be in the center, visual field of video camera 10.
Optical filter is a key factor that limits its application in the accurate selection of infrared image colorimetric measurement medium wavelength and bandwidth, and the selection of wavelength and bandwidth rationally will improve measuring accuracy, reduces error, reduces cost.Take all factors into consideration after the factors such as radiancy of influence, target object of the dynamic range of temperature-measuring range, CCD and spectral response range, surround lighting, sensitivity and response function according to system, the wavelength of determining optical filter is respectively 0.79 μ m and 0.921 μ m, bandwidth is 0.01 μ m, experimental results show that the selection of this wavelength, system has very high sensitivity, and temperature-responsive has the good linearity.The optical filter of four two kinds of wavelength is fixed on the rotating disk by evenly spaced, and stepper motor will drive the rotation of rotating disk as drive unit, and its rotating speed is determined by the frame rate of actual camera;
Selecting of positioning control parts: dual wavelength image color comparison temperature measurement requires to carry out the colorimetric processing from two width of cloth radiation images of different wave length, in the temperature detection process, the optical filter of two kinds of wavelength drives timesharing by rotating disk and places the collection light path, thereby in the continuous images gatherer process, require the optical filter on the rotating disk in ccd image collection light path, accurate localization to be arranged, the utility model utilizes photoelectric sensor induction dog screw position to realize the location, thereby the image that guarantees continuous acquisition is the optical filter of interval from two kinds of wavelength.
Described image acquisition units is made up of ccd video camera, 10 times of zoom lens and image pick-up card, the collection of infrared image utilizes high performance ccd video camera to finish, it is reliable that CCD has working stability, advantages such as image definition, sensitivity height, the image of collection specially is passed to the analyzing and processing of carrying out image in the computer processing unit through image pick-up card.Image pick-up card uses OK series OK_MC10A card, and built-in multiple known function (prior art), control chart be as acquisition mode, as acquisition window, acquisition controlling parameter (gathering form, mode etc.) are set, start, stops acquisition controlling etc.System adopts ten times of zoom 12～120mm of H10Z1218M model camera lens of COMPUTAR, can reach 9 μ m to the molten bath small field of view resolution of 6～8mm at the measuring distance of 250mm.
Described colorimetric data is handled, be that temperature colorimetric algorithm is to derive according to the Planck blackbody radiation law, the colorimetric data process software carries out the gradation of image colorimetric according to two width of cloth infrared images from different wave length and calculates, relation according to its ratio and temperature, try to achieve the temperature value of each point on the image, afterwards numeral and the image information that output temperature distributes on display.The program circuit of specific implementation (referring to Fig. 4) is: gather the objective body gray level image and carry out filtering by a kind of wavelength filter earlier, gather the objective body gray level image and carry out filtering by another kind of wavelength filter again, obtain the corresponding pixel points of described two width of cloth objective body gray level images; And obtain the gray level ratio of two width of cloth objective body gray level image corresponding point; According to the corresponding relation of gradation of image value and temperature value, try to achieve the temperature value of each pixel on the image by formula 1 then; Form gray level image with gray-scale value representation temperature value; Again the gray level image that is generated is carried out Flame Image Process, realize the temperature analysis in molten bath, thereby can find out the variation tendency in temperature field by the variation tendency of gradation of image feature.Finish single treatment,, then return if continue;
Wherein: formula 1 is:
Wherein: λ
1Be the peak wavelength of first group of optical filter, λ
2Be the peak wavelength of first group of optical filter, N (λ
1, the T) gray-scale value of first group of optical filter, N (λ
2, the T) gray-scale value of second group of optical filter, Q (λ
1, T) be the CCD electric charge input quantity of first group of optical filter, Q (λ
2, T) be the CCD electric charge input quantity of second group of optical filter, ε (λ
1, T) be the peak wavelength λ of first group of optical filter
1Under spectral radiant power, ε (λ
2, T) be the peak wavelength λ of second group of optical filter
1Under spectral radiant power, C
2Be second radiation constant, τ (λ
1), τ (λ
2), δ λ
1, δ λ
2And η (λ
1), η (λ
2) be respectively first group of optical filter peak transmittance, second group of optical filter peak transmittance, first group of optical filter bandwidth, second group of optical filter bandwidth, the CCD spectral response functions of first group of optical filter and the CCD spectral response functions of first group of optical filter;
Temperature colorimetric algorithmic formula is:
Wherein: temperature colorimetric algorithmic formula is to consider that the dichroic filter wavelength is approaching, at the spectral radiant power ε (λ of hypothesis two wavelength
1, T)=ε (λ
2, under precondition T), by formula 1 conversion gained, thereby system can directly be obtained the temperature value T of corresponding point through after demarcating by colourimetric number R (T).
Described gray level image is carried out the temperature analysis that Flame Image Process realizes the molten bath: in the present embodiment, the pixel line of representation temperature is realized image is drawn isotherm, utilizing pseudo-colours that the pixel in different temperatures interval different colors makes the bath temperature distribution more visual, on behalf of the gray-scale value on border, molten bath, utilize carry out binary conversion treatment for threshold value, come out in molten bath and background separation, thereby can carry out the crater image characteristic parameter extraction, promptly ask molten bath area, width, highly.
In the realtime graphic processing procedure, more than the execution that constantly circulates of seven steps, can find out variation of temperature trend from the dynamic change of image or feature.This software has functions such as the distribution of the bath temperature of realization, analysis of trend, crater image characteristic parameter extraction simultaneously, in order to providing parameter for follow-up equilibrium temperature control.
The utility model system for detecting temperature important technological parameters index:
1. rotary speed: 15 commentaries on classics/s;
2. system's overall dimensions: 180 * 245mm;
3. system weight: 5Kg;
4.CCD camera review is gathered frame frequency: (maximum can reach 100 frames/s) to 60 frames/s;
5. operation wavelength: 0.79 μ m, 0.921 μ m;
6. temperature-measuring range: 800～2300K;
7. measuring accuracy: ± 6 ((K or ℃);
8. temperature resolution: 200mK;
9. temperature indication resolution: 0.1 (K or ℃);
10. work spectral range: 0.75～0.95 μ m;
11. measure the round dot minimum diameter: the visual field resolution to the 8mm diameter when distance is 250mm is 9 μ m;
12.CCD video camera valid pixel: 640*480;
13. 10 times of manual zooms of focal length 12～120mm;
14. operating environment temperature: 0～90 ℃;
15. relative humidity 10～90% frost-frees.
Claims (3)
1. temperature field pick-up unit in the metal powder laser forming process is characterized in that comprising:
-rotating disk links to each other with drive unit;
-a plurality of optical filters, are fixed on the rotating disk the optical filter of two kinds of wavelength is evenly spaced by one group in twos;
-positioning control parts adopt photoelectric sensor induction locating device position;
-image acquisition units is made up of video camera and image pick-up card, and the infrared image that video camera is gathered is as the input signal of image pick-up card, and the output signal of image pick-up card is connected to computer processing unit;
-drive unit is made of stepper motor, and rotating speed is determined by the frame rate of the video camera in the image acquisition units;
-integral inclination 15-30 ° angle is installed in the laser beam axis side, is fixed on the optical axis.
2. according to temperature field pick-up unit in the described metal powder laser forming process of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described optical filter number is 2-8, and wherein one group of wavelength is 0.79 μ m, another group wavelength 0.921 μ m, and bandwidth is 0.01 μ m.
3. according to temperature field pick-up unit in the described metal powder laser forming process of claim 1, it is characterized in that: video camera adopts 8-12 times of zoom lens.
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| CN200620093234.6U CN200996876Y (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2006-09-13 | Temperature field detection device in metal powder laser forming process |
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| CN200620093234.6U CN200996876Y (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2006-09-13 | Temperature field detection device in metal powder laser forming process |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102928093A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州谱诚泰迪实业有限公司 | Infrared-based billet surface temperature measurement device |
| CN104959604A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-07 | 华中科技大学 | High energy beam area-selecting fusing method and device capable of controlling temperature gradient in shaping area |
| CN105598598A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 天津市鑫鼎源科技发展有限公司 | Solar cell panel electrode welding temperature measuring and positioning device and use method |
| CN108303194A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of revolving part temperature measuring equipment and method based on thermochromic liquid crystal |
| CN109759591A (en) * | 2019-03-30 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of the molten bath spectrum temperature control method and system of selective laser melting 3D printer |
| CN111644622A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-09-11 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Additive manufacturing monitoring system and selective electron beam melting additive manufacturing equipment |
| CN113418625A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | Device and method for measuring electric explosion temperature distribution by adopting dual-wavelength laser |
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2006
- 2006-09-13 CN CN200620093234.6U patent/CN200996876Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102928093A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 杭州谱诚泰迪实业有限公司 | Infrared-based billet surface temperature measurement device |
| CN104959604A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-07 | 华中科技大学 | High energy beam area-selecting fusing method and device capable of controlling temperature gradient in shaping area |
| CN104959604B (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2017-03-08 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of controlled high energy beam selective melting method and apparatus of shaped region thermograde |
| CN105598598A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 天津市鑫鼎源科技发展有限公司 | Solar cell panel electrode welding temperature measuring and positioning device and use method |
| CN105598598B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-10-03 | 天津市鑫鼎源科技发展有限公司 | A kind of solar panel electrode welding thermometric positioner and application method |
| CN108303194A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of revolving part temperature measuring equipment and method based on thermochromic liquid crystal |
| CN109759591A (en) * | 2019-03-30 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of the molten bath spectrum temperature control method and system of selective laser melting 3D printer |
| CN111644622A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-09-11 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Additive manufacturing monitoring system and selective electron beam melting additive manufacturing equipment |
| CN111644622B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-12-08 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Additive manufacturing monitoring system and electron beam selective melting additive manufacturing equipment |
| CN113418625A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-09-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | Device and method for measuring electric explosion temperature distribution by adopting dual-wavelength laser |
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