CN1997852A - 后表面反射镜 - Google Patents

后表面反射镜 Download PDF

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CN1997852A
CN1997852A CNA2005800235699A CN200580023569A CN1997852A CN 1997852 A CN1997852 A CN 1997852A CN A2005800235699 A CNA2005800235699 A CN A2005800235699A CN 200580023569 A CN200580023569 A CN 200580023569A CN 1997852 A CN1997852 A CN 1997852A
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surface mirror
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米夏埃尔·舍勒
维兰德·施特克尔
海因·乌利希
诺贝特·凯泽
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种后表面反射镜，其具有基层(2)和施加在所述基层背面上的银层(3)，所述基层对于待反射的光来说是透明的。在所述基层和所述银层之间至少部分地设置有第一中间层(4)作为底层，所述第一中间层包括难熔的氧化物或者由其制成且熔点高于银的熔点。在所述银层的定向为远离所述基层的一侧上至少部分地施加有另一覆层(6)，所述覆层包括难熔的金属钌、铱、锇、钯、铂、铼和/或铑中的一种，或者由这些金属中的一种制成。

Description

后表面反射镜
技术领域
本发明涉及后表面反射镜，特别是耐高温的含银后表面反射镜。此种类型的镜子特别用作玻璃片在热成形/加工之前的覆盖层或例如作为灯中的反射器。
背景技术
在所有的金属中，银对于可见光具有最佳的反射性能。因此用于可见光谱的后表面反射器通常包括一侧覆盖有银的玻璃基层。在后表面反射器的情况下，待反射的光穿过未涂敷或防反射的前表面进入玻璃基层，穿过玻璃基层并在涂敷有银的基层后表面上被反射。
银后表面反射器的光强度(反射)与相当低的制造成本相比是非常令人满意的。
银层较差的气候和机械稳定性具有一定的限制效果。
特别是在潮湿、含氧和硫化氢的空气中，未经保护的银层是非耐候性的，而是会被腐蚀并且表面变暗。就气候效应对银层进行非常昂贵的保护是银后表面反射镜的现有技术状态：在光入射侧，玻璃基层保护银层免受气候效应的影响，并且银层的空气侧边界表面能够由覆层、涂敷漆或粘附的玻璃覆盖片密封，而不考虑光学要求。
银层的机械不稳定性一方面在于其低硬度和低耐刮擦性能，另一方面在于其对于玻璃的弱粘附性能。上述的密封措施通常不仅在气候保护方面是有效的，而且在对银反射器层的刮擦保护方面也是有效的。如果需要改善银层在基层上的粘附性能，在施加所述银层之前，对基层表面覆以促进粘合的中间层。由于此中间层位于反射器的光入射侧，该层的材料选择和厚度受到中间层不能显著降低反射性能这一要求的限制。
只要通常构造在银基上的后表面反射镜不承受太高的温度，其制造成本、反射性能以及耐老化性能是令人满意的。
如果持续承受高温，银基上的传统后表面反射镜将失效。
随着温度增加，在银层中产生扩散过程，所述扩散过程传送银使得微粒尺寸增大，孔和裂纹在所述层中产生并生长，从而基层表面越来越多的部分不再由银覆盖，直到最终所述银聚集在相互隔离的岛状部中(聚结成团块)，不再粘结地覆盖所述基层表面。最后，银层因为聚结成团块而失去其高反射性能。这些传送过程随着温度的增加而加速，并且在600℃以上，单个银层经过几个小时就聚结成团块。
对银层温度稳定性的进一步限制在于其蒸发。根据公知的银蒸发速度算得：在650℃的真空中，层以20纳米/小时的速度去除。实际上，在高温下由于背部散开，所述蒸发速度在空气中显著下降，然而增加的银蒸发可能实质上增加所述材料传送。
在文献中说明了改善银层耐受达到约600℃的温度性能的措施。说明了用作银层以及衬层或覆层的混合物。
似乎可能的是，混合物能够阻止银扩散，并且对于银具有良好粘附性的温度稳定的衬层和覆层使得对边界表面的覆盖稳定。对于某些所描述的措施，银基反射器层用热的方法制造得很稳定，可以在数分钟至数个小时的期间内承受高约700℃的温度(例如为了成形玻璃基层)。
显著超过700℃的温度需要以更耐高温但反射能力较差的反射器金属替代银。
如果反射器在1000℃以上的温度工作超过2000小时，那么将完全放弃金属反射器层，并且反射将由包括高熔点氧化物的电介质界面系统实现，所述电介质界面系统的成本相对于金属反射器层系统而言高出许多。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种后表面反射镜，其一方面基于高反射性能并且经济的银基反射器层系统，另一方面是非常耐高温的，并且能够承受例如600℃以上的温度2000小时以上而功能不受影响。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的后表面反射镜而实现。根据本发明的后表面反射镜的有利的改进在从属权利要求中给出。此种类型的后表面反射镜的使用在权利要求12中给出。
根据本发明，后表面反射镜以下述方式制造：银层施加在对于待反射的光来说是透明的基层上，所述基层位于后侧，例如是玻璃或石英玻璃。然而，一个衬层插在所述基层和所述银层之间，所述衬层包括高熔点的氧化物或者含有后者且熔点比银层的银的熔点更高。在银层的定向为远离所述基层的一侧上，施加有一个覆层，所述覆层包括高熔点的金属，特别是钌、铱、锇、钯、铂、铼和/或铑，或者含有这些金属。由氧化锆制成的衬层和由钌制成的覆层的组合是特别有利的。对于诸如氧化锆的此种高折射性能的电介质层，在选定光谱范围内的反射性能的提高甚至可以由相长干涉而实现，但是对于金属衬层，仅仅允许非常小的厚度，以便不会剧烈性地减小后表面反射镜的反射性能。
氧化锆的熔点为2700℃且钌的熔点为2300℃，从而衬层的熔点和覆层的熔点高于银的熔点。
有利地，能够在银层和覆层之间插入一个熔点为3400℃的促进粘合的钨层。
优选地用于覆层的钌具有极其稳定的化学性能，并且其在贵金属中具有最高的硬度。因此，其特别适合用作覆层。
因此，所述层系统构造成使得熔点为961℃的银层设置在两个熔点显著更高的层之间，所述两个层在600℃不会产生扩散效应，从而使银层稳定。
根据本发明的层构造具有银基反射器系统的高反射性能以及低制造成本，但是，相对于传统的银基反射器系统，根据本发明的层构造的特征在于优越的高温稳定性。与其它银基系统相比，在完全不破坏银层的对比实验中，得到通常至少两倍的使用寿命。
附图说明
下面，说明根据本发明的后表面反射镜的例子。
唯一视图示出了后表面反射镜的层结构，所述层结构用于功率为50W的卤素灯的石英玻璃灯泡。
具体实施方式
石英玻璃灯泡用作基层2，其上施加有厚度为10纳米的氧化锆衬层4。在氧化锆衬层4上施加有厚度为600纳米的银层3。银层3之后的是厚度为65纳米的促进粘合的钨层5以及厚度为500纳米的钌层6。所有的层通过真空涂敷(溅射法或离子辅助蒸发法)而施加。
入射光1a现在穿过石英玻璃灯泡2以及氧化锆衬层4，并且在银层3上被反射而作为反射光1b。
在操作中，卤素灯的灯泡被加热至超过600℃。根据图1沉积在后表面反射镜上的反射层在超过2000小时的工作时间内保持不发生可测量到的损害。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种卤素灯，其具有石英玻璃灯泡作为基层，并且具有后表面反射镜，所述石英玻璃灯泡基层对于待反射的光来说是透明的，所述后表面反射镜施加在所述石英玻璃灯泡上并具有银层，
其特征在于
在所述基层和所述银层之间至少部分地设置有第一中间层作为衬层，所述衬层包括高熔点的氧化物或者含有后者且熔点高于银的熔点，
在所述银层的定向为远离所述基层的一侧上至少部分地施加有另外的覆层，所述覆层包括高熔点金属钌、铱、锇、钯、铂、铼和/或铑中的一种，或者含有这些金属。
2.如权利要求1所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有氧化锆、氧化铪、氧化钇、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铌、氧化铈、氧化镁和/或氧化锌。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有电介质材料。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的厚度在1纳米至100纳米之间，优选地在5纳米至20纳米之间，优选为10纳米。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述覆层的厚度在1纳米至2000纳米之间，优选地在100纳米至1000纳米之间，优选为500纳米。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有氧化锆，且所述覆层的材料是或含有钌。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述银层的厚度在1纳米至2000纳米之间，优选地在100纳米至1000纳米之间，优选为600纳米。
8.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，在所述银层和所述覆层之间设置有促进粘合层。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述促进粘合层包括钨或含有钨。
10.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的卤素灯，其特征在于，所述促进粘合层的厚度在1纳米至200纳米之间，优选地在10纳米至100纳米之间，优选为65纳米。

Claims (12)

1.一种后表面反射镜，其具有基层和施加在所述基层后侧上的银层，所述基层对于待反射的光来说是透明的，
其特征在于
在所述基层和所述银层之间至少部分地设置有第一中间层作为衬层，所述衬层包括高熔点的氧化物或者含有后者且熔点高于银的熔点，
在所述银层的定向为远离所述基层的一侧上至少部分地施加有另外的覆层，所述覆层包括高熔点金属钌、铱、锇、钯、铂、铼和/或铑中的一种，或者含有这些金属。
2.如权利要求1所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有氧化锆、氧化铪、氧化钇、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化钽、氧化铌、氧化铈、氧化镁和/或氧化锌。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有电介质材料。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的厚度在1纳米至100纳米之间，优选地在5纳米至20纳米之间，优选为10纳米。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述覆层的厚度在1纳米至2000纳米之间，优选地在100纳米至1000纳米之间，优选为500纳米。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述第一中间层的材料是或者含有氧化锆，且所述覆层的材料是或含有钌。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述银层的厚度在1纳米至2000纳米之间，优选地在100纳米至1000纳米之间，优选为600纳米。
8.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，在所述银层和所述覆层之间设置有促进粘合层。
9.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述促进粘合层包括钨或含有钨。
10.如上述两个权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述促进粘合层的厚度在1纳米至200纳米之间，优选地在10纳米至100纳米之间，优选为65纳米。
11.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜，其特征在于，所述基层是或者含有玻璃、耐高温玻璃和/或石英玻璃。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的后表面反射镜在热成形或加工的玻璃片上的应用或作为灯反射器的应用。
CNA2005800235699A 2004-07-16 2005-05-17 后表面反射镜 Pending CN1997852A (zh)

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US20080096010A1 (en) 2008-04-24
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WO2006007895A1 (de) 2006-01-26
DE102004034369A1 (de) 2006-02-16
CA2573725A1 (en) 2006-01-26
EP1769194A1 (de) 2007-04-04

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