CN1989367A - 特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件与另外部件非正向紧固的连接装置 - Google Patents

特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件与另外部件非正向紧固的连接装置 Download PDF

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CN1989367A
CN1989367A CNA2005800254524A CN200580025452A CN1989367A CN 1989367 A CN1989367 A CN 1989367A CN A2005800254524 A CNA2005800254524 A CN A2005800254524A CN 200580025452 A CN200580025452 A CN 200580025452A CN 1989367 A CN1989367 A CN 1989367A
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connection set
pipeline
composite component
heating coil
parts
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CN1989367B (zh
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德克·埃尔萨塞
沃纳·戈尔克
法比安·迈尔
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Friatec AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding comprising several wires, e.g. in the form of several independent windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12445—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue on the side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52294—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being heated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52296—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising sealing elements, e.g. gaskets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种连接装置，特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件与另外部件非正向紧固，其特征在于，设置密封元件(30、31、33)，该密封元件以气体和流体密封方式环绕所述纤维复合材料部件的暴露部分，另外，设置载荷元件(40、60)，该元件确保在联接部件之间的非正向连接。

Description

特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件与另外部件非正向紧固的连接装置
技术领域
发明涉及一种特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件与另外部件非正向紧固的连接装置。
背景技术
几年来，纤维增强的聚乙烯管已经主要地用于运载原油中间品和汽油的近海开发技术。这些都是具有由聚乙烯制成的内层和例如通过使用聚芳基酰胺纤维在中心涂覆的纤维层以及也由聚乙烯制成的外护层的多层管道。这些管道可在80巴(bar)和60℃以下的压力和温度使用。此外，可使用由交联型聚乙烯制成以及由聚酰胺制成的管道。本发明一般地涉及增强塑料管道，其中内层和/或外层可借助于加热线圈熔合技术结合到其他部件上。
如果管道是整体的纤维复合材料管道乃至与纤维复合材料管道连接的金属管道，则在管道之间存在着过渡连接的问题。套管和材料过渡连接在现有技术中是已知的，已经在国际上得到承认。然而，由于它们另外需要对接焊以在安装部位焊接护套，因此非常昂贵并且繁琐。因此，在现有技术中所有的解决方案都是旨在把聚乙烯的优点即可焊性、耐腐性和弹性同时与抵抗由增强纤维所引起的50巴(bar)以上的压力的高抵抗性结合起来。缺点是当应用对接焊技术把内围层管道连接时，没有模制部件可连同RTP管道(RTP＝加强塑复合材料管道)一起配置。
当连接纤维增强管道时的问题是，纤维在特定管道端会开放，并因此经受介质流动的影响。这意味着介质流可穿过该纤维复合材料并经过一定的时间使它分解。在临界的阈值，这将导致整个管道结构爆裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制造有效的装置，其中该装置在不需要修整增强层情况下通过在特定的管道端部覆盖和封闭纤维而不受流体影响，同时还可能的是，可进行两个管道端部护套的外部焊接以纵向地压配合。
本发明通过一种连接装置来实现，该连接装置特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件到另外部件的非正向紧固，其中设置至少一个密封元件，而该密封元件以气体到流体密封方式环绕开口纤维复合材料部件的暴露部分，例如如上所述纤维端部，同时设置载荷元件，该元件确保在联接部件之间的非正向连接。
这样，确保了绝对紧密和非正向连接，这同时实现了高压载荷。该连接可利用在市场上买到的条形码焊接机来实现。与现有技术相比，获得了较低成本加工技术的优点。
优选的是，发明的特征在于，密封元件用于要联接部件的对准。同时可以认为，每一个要联接的部件带有单个密封元件，因此，例如借助于加热线圈熔合技术，该密封元件可与部件和/或与其他密封元件结合，也可提供的是，单个密封元件用于要联接部件的对准。
已经提出的是，优选的是，该密封元件可借助于加热线圈熔合技术至少与纤维复合材料部件结合。也可能的是，借助于此技术联接另一个部件，如果想要的话，甚至不仅连接纤维复合材料部件，而且可联接金属部件。
通过根据用于可包括纤维复合材料或者另外元件的管道的本发明连接装置，来满足具体应用。然而，本发明不限制到那里，而可用于任意结构的连接。
当使用管道时发明的具体优点是，在管道的每个特定端部，可以对纤维密接。不仅可进行在类似垂直聚乙烯管中的连接，其中例如借助于卡圈可进行简单的修补。在不接触增强件时，在内聚乙烯层进行焊接。可不依赖于用于增强件的材料，例如该材料为织物、钢等等，同时不依赖于增强件的厚度来进行操作。可确保横截面的最小锥形以及因此作为密封元件的内套筒的适合流动的外形。
不仅可在类似部件之间建立连接，也可能的是，其中一个部件可以是纤维复合材料部件，而另一个部件是金属部件。
根据通常当今使用的加热线圈熔合法来实现该处理。对于整个联接技术，只需要一种焊接方法，从而不必要提供用于焊接的专用设备。
优选的是，密封元件用于要联接部件的对准。它通过限定的内皮限定了特定的邻接表面或者焊接表面。当一个部件或者两者部件具有各自结构时，当需要时，例如可进行调整以适应不同的管径。
该密封元件可借助于加热线圈熔合技术至少与纤维复合材料部件结合。只有较小的轴向力出现，从而不需要安装设备。
另外的部件可以是纤维复合材料部件或者由其他材料制成的部件。在近海开发技术中，经常出现的情况是，金属管道必须要替换，其中必须建立到现代纤维复合材料部件的过渡连接。在这里本发明可有利地应用。
优选的是，该载荷元件设计成环绕联接部件的连接部位的外套筒形式。方便的是，该外套筒至少在它的内表面具有加热线圈。
已经出现的是，特别是如果使用由两件套内套筒形成的密封元件，则熔化的塑料将滑移而阻止良好的焊接。这样，特别有利的是，外套筒包括两个隔开的加热线圈，这保持邻接内套筒元件的对接表面不受影响。因此，还可把能量单独施加到两个加热线圈上，然而，最好是两个加热线圈串联电连接。桥接式触点可以适当的方式隐藏。
根据又一个实施例，该外套筒包括载体，在该载体上，固定有至少一个带有加热线圈的熔合元件。换句话说，该加热线圈不直接集成到该套筒本体上，而是以单独的部件容纳在其中，从而可使用线圈的不同间距、线宽等等。
优选的是，为外套筒提供增强层或者保护层。
对于具有不同压力级的部件，具体地说管道，密封元件-内套筒始终保持相同，而外套筒通过增强件以及可能的延伸件适合于不同的压力级。具体地说，操作被简化，即内套筒的焊接可该厂家或者铺管现场预先进行。在内外的熔合可独立控制，其中该内套筒可具有指示器。
密封元件-内套筒可形成为一体或者两件套。优选的是，定位凸缘设置在密封元件上，例如作为局部连续的环形凸缘，该环形凸缘确保了邻接管道部分的精确对准。已经提出的是，加热线圈的具体布置即隔开的距离使熔合接头始终清洁，然而，在该密封元件可进行某些测量，例如通过把密封唇口固定在吸收内部压力的密封元件上。
附图说明
在以下描述中，将参考附图通过实例来解释本发明。在其中附图中：
图1示出了用于借助于由聚乙烯制成的内套筒把两个内管道联接的发明的实施例；
图2示出了包括由聚乙烯制成的内套筒的发明的实施例，其中包括由聚甲醛制成的支撑套筒；
图3示出了包括两个内套筒的发明的实施例；
图4示出了具有连续加热线圈的外套筒的纵剖面图；
图5示出了具有两个加热线圈的外套筒的纵剖面图，其中该两个加热线圈以定距离间隔并可独立地带有能量；
图6示出了包括加热线圈的外套筒的纵剖面图，其中该两个加热线圈以定距离间隔并借助于隐藏桥接线串联电连接；
图7示出了连接装置的纵剖面图，其中该连接装置包括根据图5或者图6的外套筒以及两件套的内套筒；
图8示出了根据第一实施例的内套筒的纵剖面图；
图9示出了根据第二实施例的内套筒的纵剖面图；
图10示出了两件套的内套筒元件的纵剖面图；
图11为其中可看见加热线圈的内套筒元件的纵剖面图；
图12为包括密封唇口的内套筒元件的纵剖面图；
图13示出了两个管道连接区域的剖面图，其中该外套筒包括两个熔合元件；
图14示出了根据第一实施例的到另外部件例如由钢制成管道的过渡连接的结构设计，以及
图15示出了根据第二实施例的到另外部件过渡连接的结构设计。
具体实施方式
尽管在附图中，参考两个纤维增强管道的连接解释了发明，然而可以理解的是，也可设想由其他材料制成的管道的连接。此外，本发明可应用到例如阀门、支管等等的部件上，在这些部件中需要液体密封过渡连接。
在图1中，借助于加热线圈熔合技术，内套筒30结合到由纤维复合材料制成的管道10内，其中加热线圈的至少一圈安装在所述内套筒30上，这样通过特定的外部电流源，所述管道10和所述内套筒30牢固地结合到一起。所述内套筒30还提供了要联接的管道20与所述管道10轴向对齐。此外，在这里，加热线圈熔合技术可用于把所述内套筒30和所述管道20联接。尽管在图中示出了该联接是在不同时期进行的，然而，可以设计成管道10和管道20基本上同时与所述内套筒30联接。在管道10、20之间的连接部位还通过外套筒40固定。外套筒40吸收分别作用于管道10、20或者由它们施加的轴向力。如果需要的话，该外套筒可得到加强。
图2示出了其中内套筒30带有由聚甲醛制成的支撑套筒32。此外，它的结构与图1中的对应。具有支撑套筒32的内套筒30使在管道10和管道20的连接部位出现横截面较小的成锥形变化。外套筒40的结构未受影响。
在图3中示出了包括两个内套筒31、33的变型。管道10以及管道20在相应的内套筒31、33之前熔合。这具有当同轴定位管道时可存在较高公差的优点。因此，安装外套筒40以便该系统随后以流体和气体密封方式被密封。
图4示出了外套筒40的纵剖面图，其中单个加热线圈42埋入到其内壁。加热线圈42的端部分别通过触头44和触头46经过外套筒40的外表面，从而它们可容易使用，用于供应电能。
图5示出了其中布置两个隔开加热线圈42、42′的外套筒40的变型。在加热线圈42、42′之间的间距将超出邻接的内套筒元件的对接表面。这结合图7很清楚地看到。在根据图5的实施例中，每个加热线圈42、42′可独立带有能量，其中这可通过触头44和44′(未显示)以及46′(未显示)和46实现。
图6的实施例在它的布线上更简单，其中加热线圈42、42′经由触头桥接线48与另外加热线圈连接，从而能量只经由触头44和46供应。
图7示出了如何把两个管道10、20联接。每一个管道10、20分别具有内套筒元件31和33，其中管道和相应的内套筒借助于加热线圈熔合技术联接到另外管道。该内套筒元件31、33中每一个分别包括定位凸缘34和35，在这里在对接表面形状为连续的环形凸缘，当与外套筒40共同动作时，定位凸缘34、35为管道10、20提供相对于另外管道的精确定位。使用根据图5或者图6的实施例，作为外套筒40。这意味着由于在加热线圈42和42′之间留有间隙，紧靠在内套筒元件31、33邻接的对接表面50不进行焊接。因此没有材料熔化的临界区域出现，该区域将以不希望的方式蔓延。
在图8到12中，示出了内套筒的不同实施例。
图8示出了与图2类似的一件套内套筒30，它带有由聚甲醛制成的支撑套筒32。在内套筒30的外圆周中心，定位凸缘38与支撑套筒30整体形成。
图9还示出了由整体材料制成的一件套内套筒30的又一个实施例，该内套筒30也包括位于中心的定位凸缘38。
图10示出了包括内护套62的内套筒元件60，其中环形凸缘元件64安装在该内护套62上。
在图8到10的实施例中，为了清楚起见，省略了用于该加热线圈熔合技术的加热线圈。
图11示出了带有整体固定的定位凸缘64的内套筒元件60。在内套筒元件60的外表面，安装可带有经由接触部位68提供的能量的加热线圈66。触头部位68紧靠定位凸缘64后面，而实际上可接近，然而以最大可能程度阻止外部破坏。
图12中的内套筒元件60与图11中的对应，其中在在随后将朝向该对接表面的定位凸缘64的侧部，布置密封唇口70，这样，来自管道连接的一部分内压力被吸收。
图13示出了具有两个内套筒元件31、33的连接部位的局部剖面图，其中分别在其朝向管道10和20的相应侧分别设置有加热线圈51和53。相应内套筒元件31或者33与相应管道10或者20的熔合可在工厂预先进行。定位凸缘34和35用于相对于对接表面50的精确对准。外套筒40已经穿过该连接部位分别移动到熔合元件62和64，其中该外套筒40包括护层状支撑件60。熔合元件62和64包括加热线圈的加热丝，用于分别把外套筒70和管道10管道20熔合。环形凸缘66分别在对接表面5、支撑凸缘68和68′区域把熔合元件62和64隔离，使熔合元件64和66稳定地固定在支撑件60上。
图14和15示出了纤维复合材料部件到例如由钢制成的另外部件的过渡连接。理论上，此部件可以是包括多种几何形状的任意元件，例如管道、插口端或者凸缘，并包括多种材料。金属套筒84插入管道10中，其中该金属套筒在管道10的远端包括螺纹94。在图14的实施例中，借助于环绕倒角96，套筒84支撑在管道10的相应结构的内侧。套筒84到管道10的密封由O形圈86和88实现。纤维层82缠绕在包括管道10和套筒84的结构上，并覆盖管道10和套筒84，以获得非正向安装(non-positive fit)。管道10因此构成借助于加热线圈技术的用于熔合连接的内围层或者内管道。其他部件80可安装在所述套筒84上，或者可旋入在螺纹94上，并可借助于螺钉98固定。螺钉98由此啮合在纤维层82的前部，而该纤维层82以朝向管道中心形式环绕在管道10的前端。
在图15的实施例中，该套筒84仅仅借助于一个O形圈86封接到管道10上。纤维层82在从管道10伸出的套筒84上面以增大部形式延伸，其中可形成为六边形90的正几何形状设置在该增大部的下面，以实现抵抗部件旋转的锁定。另外的O形圈92用于把另一个部件80支靠套筒84进行密封。
总之，本发明确保纤维复合材料部件的纤维永久地防止环境破坏。甚至也可应付在不同材料之间的材料过渡连接。发明不局限于管道，而通用于管件、支管、T形管等等。1所有通常的模制件可以加强形式使用。
在上面描述、在权利要求书和/或在附图中公开的可单独以及可以任何组合形式的特征，对于以多种形式实现发明是重要的。

Claims (17)

1.一种连接装置，特别用于至少一个纤维复合材料部件和另外部件的非正向紧固，其中该另外部件可能包括除了所述纤维复合材料部件以外的材料，特征在于，设置密封元件(30、31、33)，而该密封元件以气体和流体密封方式环绕所述纤维复合材料部件(10、20)的暴露部分，以及设置载荷元件(40、60)，该元件确保在联接部件之间的非正向连接。
2.如权利要求1的连接装置，其特征在于，所述密封元件(30、31、33)用于对要联接的部件(10、20)进行对准。
3.如权利要求1的连接装置，其特征在借助于加热线圈熔合技术，所述密封元件(30、31、33)至少与所述纤维复合材料部件(10、20)联接。
4.如权利要求1的连接装置，其特性在于，另外部件为纤维复合材料部件。
5.如权利要求1的连接装置，其特性在于，另外部件为金属部件(80)。
6.如权利要求1的连接装置，其特性在于，所述纤维复合材料部件或者所述金属部件为管道。
7.如权利要求6的连接装置，其特征在于，所述密封元件包括至少一个用于所述管道的内套筒元件(30、60)。
8.如权利要求6或者7的连接装置，其特征在于，所述载荷元件(40)为环绕要联接部件连接部位的外套筒。
9.如权利要求8的连接装置，其特征在于，所述外套筒(40)在它的内侧带有至少一个加热线圈(42、42′)。
10.如权利要求9的连接装置，其特征在于，两个加热线圈(42、42′)设置成彼此隔开。
11.如权利要求10的连接装置，其特征在于，可单独地向所述加热线圈(42、42′)提供能量。
12.如权利要求10的连接装置，其特征在于，所述加热线圈(42、42′)串联电连接。
13.如权利要求8的连接装置，其特征在于，所述外套筒(40)包括支撑件(60)、包括安装在其上的加热线圈的至少一个熔合元件(62、64)。
14.如权利要求8的连接装置，其特性在于，所述外套筒具有加强层。
15.如权利要求1到14任何一项权利要求的连接装置，其特征在于，所述密封元件(30、60)以两件套形成。
16.如权利要求1到14任何一项权利要求的连接装置，其特征在于，所述密封元件(30、60)包括定位凸缘(34、35、38、64)。
17.如权利要求1到14任何一项权利要求的连接装置，其特征在于，所述密封元件(60)包括用于释放内部压力的密封唇口(70)。
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US10180203B2 (en) 2015-06-24 2019-01-15 Jan Larsen Underwater pipe and connector assembly and method of assembling an underwater pipe and a connector
CN105972344A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-09-28 北京航空航天大学 一种大口径增强管材的连接结构
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EP1756464B1 (de) 2016-12-14
RU2006146888A (ru) 2008-07-20
CN1989367B (zh) 2011-11-30
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EP1756464A1 (de) 2007-02-28
RU2368838C2 (ru) 2009-09-27

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