CN1981135B - 四轴承转子系统 - Google Patents

四轴承转子系统 Download PDF

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CN1981135B
CN1981135B CN2005800222631A CN200580022263A CN1981135B CN 1981135 B CN1981135 B CN 1981135B CN 2005800222631 A CN2005800222631 A CN 2005800222631A CN 200580022263 A CN200580022263 A CN 200580022263A CN 1981135 B CN1981135 B CN 1981135B
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bearing
axle
clutch shaft
compressor
vibration
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CN1981135A (zh
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西奥多·M·格拉什
詹姆斯·苏日娜
弗朗西斯·库什纳
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Elliott Co
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Elliott Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/02—Arrangements of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0027—Pulsation and noise damping means
    • F04B39/0088—Pulsation and noise damping means using mechanical tuned resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F04D29/057—Bearings hydrostatic; hydrodynamic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/662—Balancing of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/061—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing mounting a plurality of bearings side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/02—Relieving load on bearings using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00—Components
    • F04C2240/50—Bearings
    • F04C2240/52—Bearings for assemblies with supports on both sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/12—Vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/44—Centrifugal pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种压缩机轴(17)中减震用的支撑装置，该压缩机轴带动一个旋转压缩机。所述支撑装置包括一个第一轴承(14)，用以支撑所述轴(17)和一个第二轴承(13)，第二轴承位于第一轴承外侧，并与其相互隔开，用以在轴上形成一个力矩和与振动方向相反的附加阻尼。

Description

四轴承转子系统
背景技术
为了提高压缩机或其它旋转机器设备的性能，经常会需要增加支撑机器旋转单元的轴的长度。随着长度的增加，振动发生时的临界频率值随之减小。振动与轴在轴承末端的每个支撑点间的自然下垂有关。已经考虑过在轴中心部位放置附加轴承，但此做法有相当大的缺陷。如果不拆卸整台机器，接触到轴承如果不是不可能的话，也将非常困难。一种解决方式是在轴的端点之间中心部位使用磁性轴承，例如专利号为No.4,141,604的美国专利所提到的。本发明的目的是减少旋转轴的振动和在无需使用不能接触到的轴承情况下增加临界频率值。
发明内容
简而言之，本发明提供了一种轴颈上带有轴承，以降低振动的旋转设备。该轴承装置包括一个第一轴承，用以支撑所述的轴，和一个第二轴承，第二轴承位于第一轴承外侧，并与其相互隔开，用以在轴上形成一个力矩和与振动方向相反的附加阻尼，当第一轴承对齐后，第二轴承处于可调节状态。第一和第二轴承为静压轴承或动压轴承。
根据本发明的一个实施例，一个外置轴承装置减少了旋转压缩机的压缩机轴的振动，该压缩机轴带动一个旋转压缩机。该外置轴承装置包括一对第一轴承，用以支撑旋转压缩机每个端点上的轴，和一对第二轴承，第二轴承位于第一轴承外侧，并与其相互隔开，用以在轴上形成一个力矩和与振动方向相反的附加阻尼。第二轴承可以使用在压缩机轴两个端点上或者仅使用在一个端点上。
附图说明
从以下与附图相关的详细说明可以得知本发明的进一步的特征和其它的发明目的和优点：
图1是具有以截面方式显示的带有轴承的旋转设备示意图。
图2A至2D是本发明四轴承系统的速度/振动图表。
图3A至3D是可比的两轴承系统速度/振动图表。
具体实施方式
图1是具有以截面方式显示的带有轴承组的压缩机的示意图。压缩机机体10在每个末端分别具有轴承支撑物11，12。所述每个轴承支撑物各支撑着一对相互隔开的轴承13，14，15，16。所述轴承支撑着轴17。如图中所示，轴承13，14支撑着轴的传动末端。所述轴本身具有一个自然的静态变形(下垂)，并且当轴旋转时，该变形可导致轴的急速旋转和自激振动。由于所述轴的变形，所述内侧轴承14，15承担着全部的静态荷载。所述外侧轴承13和16仅仅在一定的旋转速度和产生了液压力(纯向下)后才起作用。外侧轴承空隙在所述轴对齐和所述内侧轴承空隙调整好后再进行调整。所述外侧轴承在到达第一临界频率值时，减少振动同时提高速度。
四轴承系统已经进行过测试并与移动了外侧轴承的相同系统进行过对比。在每一种情况下，内侧与外侧轴承间距加一倍，同时轴径保持不变。使用非接触性的探针来检测所述轴在垂直及水平方向上的运动。所述探针安装在所述轴承内侧。内侧轴承之间的距离约为19.5英寸。每一边的内侧与外侧轴承之间的距离约为6英寸。在每一个探针位置和每一种条件下(两轴承/四轴承)，振动/速度数据如图2A至2D及3A至3D所示。总结的数据如下表所示。
图表
  四轴承系统   两轴承系统   改良率
 H探针连接末端   2860转/分   2250转/分   27.1％
 V探针连接末端   2800转/分   2540转/分   10.2％
 H探针自由末端   2840转/分   2270转/分   25.1％
 V探针自由末端   2860转/分   2560转/分   11.7％
四轴承系统是一种可选择的减震轴承系统，可将一个长的转子轴的临界速度/转子的抗挠性能提高至高达27％。根据绘出的有关振动的图表(图2A至2D和3A至3D)显示，通过临界速度的四轴承系统的较宽响应对比两轴承系统的较窄响应。
这里详细定义了本发明，根据专利法的特殊要求，本发明所涉及的保护范围以权利要求中的文字来阐明。

Claims (4)

1.一种可带动一个旋转压缩机的压缩机轴中用于减震的轴承装置，所述装置包括一个第一轴承，和一个位于所述第一轴承外侧，并与其相互隔开的第二轴承，第一轴承用于支撑所述轴，其特征在于第二轴承用以在轴上形成一个力矩和与振动方向相反的附加阻尼，所述第一和第二轴承为静压轴承或动压轴承。
2.如权利要求1所述的轴承装置，其特征在于所述第二轴承在所述第一轴承对齐后处于可调整状态。
3.一种可带动一个旋转压缩机的压缩机轴中用于减震的外置轴承装置，所述外置轴承装置包括一对第一轴承，用以支撑旋转压缩机每一端上的轴，和一对第二轴承，第二轴承位于第一轴承外侧，并与其相互隔开，其特征在于第二轴承用以在轴上形成一个力矩和与振动方向相反的附加阻尼，所述一对第一和第二轴承为静压轴承或动压轴承。
4.如权利要求3所述的外置轴承装置，其特征在于所述一对第二轴承在所述一对第一轴承对齐后处于可调整状态。
CN2005800222631A 2004-07-01 2005-06-30 四轴承转子系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1981135B (zh)

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US58491204P 2004-07-01 2004-07-01
US60/584,912 2004-07-01
PCT/US2005/023477 WO2006007549A2 (en) 2004-07-01 2005-06-30 Four-bearing rotor system

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CN1981135B true CN1981135B (zh) 2010-04-14

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EP (1) EP1781951B1 (zh)
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KR (1) KR101173443B1 (zh)
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EP1781951A2 (en) 2007-05-09
BRPI0512450A (pt) 2008-03-04
CA2571920C (en) 2012-10-02
JP2008505277A (ja) 2008-02-21
CN1981135A (zh) 2007-06-13
US7726883B2 (en) 2010-06-01
KR101173443B1 (ko) 2012-08-16
WO2006007549A2 (en) 2006-01-19
JP4907525B2 (ja) 2012-03-28
WO2006007549A3 (en) 2006-05-04
EP1781951B1 (en) 2014-05-21
KR20070064314A (ko) 2007-06-20
CA2571920A1 (en) 2006-01-19
US20070292262A1 (en) 2007-12-20
EP1781951A4 (en) 2011-08-31

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