CN1978652B - 编码产黄青霉谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及来自产黄青霉的新的编码谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因(PcGSTA),该基因编码的多肽及含有该基因的表达载体。本发明同时提供了苯乙酸对本发明的新基因PcGSTA的表达的影响,进而提供了将本发明的新基因PcGSTA应用于产黄青霉菌改造以提高青霉素产量的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新的分离的多核苷酸,具体地说涉及来自产黄青霉的新的编码谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因(PcGSTA)。
本发明还涉及该基因编码的多肽。
本发明还涉及含有该基因的表达载体。
本发明也提供了新基因在提高产黄青霉菌的青霉素产量中的应用。
背景技术
青霉素是一种重要的β-内酰胺抗生素。在工业生产中,生产菌株Penicillinchrysogenum必需利用苯乙酸作为前体生成青霉素G。苯乙酸要加入到青霉素中首先须经苯乙酰-CoA连接酶激活形成CoA的形式,然后与异青霉素N发生酰基交换,生成终产物青霉素G。该步反应由acyl-CoA:6APA转酰基酶催化,由于该酶有很广的底物特异性,苯乙酸必须过量的加入到培养基中以促进青霉素G的生成而不是生成其他的青霉素。侧链前体的利用效率很大程度上依赖于其毒性和对氧化作用的抗性。在工业发酵条件下,并不是所有的苯乙酸都流向青霉素,还有一部分通过其他的途径代谢掉,如可被细胞色素P450家族的phenylacetate 2-hychorxylase氧化,从而进一步被分解。
有研究表明,谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)相关的代谢途径可能与苯乙酸的解毒过程有关(Monks et al.1990,Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.106:1-19;Commandeur et al.1995,Pharmacol.Rev.47:271-330;Emri et al.2000,J.Basic.Microbiol.40:93-104)。另一方面,GSH在结构上类似于青霉素生物合成途径中的关键中间体-δ-(L-α-氨基己二酰)-L-半胱氨酰-D-缬氨酸(LLD-ACV),高浓度的GSH可能会对LLL-ACV产生竞争性抑制,从而影响青霉素的合成。
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST;EC 2.5.1.18)是以二聚体形式存在的II期脱毒 酶,可使许多有潜在毒性的异生物质与谷胱甘肽(GSH)连接,然后使带有GSH分子“标签”的代谢物被液泡膜或质膜上的“ATP结合性盒型”转运蛋白识别,并运进液泡或质外体,从而起到解毒作用。GSTs在许多需氧的真核生物和原核生物中存在,根据其基本结构和三级结构,底物和抑制剂的特异性及免疫学特征,哺乳动物的胞质GSTs已被很好的定性并分为alpha(α)、mu(μ)、pi(π)和theta(θ)类。一些新的GSTs种类从各种生物中发现,如:sigma、kapa、zeta及omega。Phi和Tau及Beta类分别是植物和细菌所特有的种类。来自昆虫的各种GSTs均与对抗生素的耐药性有关。但关于真菌GSTs的分子系统发育只有很少报道。然而现已很清楚GSTs同工酶在许多真菌存在,如:Schizosaccharomyces Pombe,Asperqillus niclulans,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Issathchenbia orientales,Yarrowia lipalytia,Cunninghamella elegans,Mucorcircinelloides及Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Emericella nidulans,Aspergillusfumigutus。真菌的GSTs具不同的表达模式,在代谢过程中有不同的功能,如在异生物质解毒、真菌耐药性、抗氧化胁迫及重金属毒性中起作用。
EMRI等人从酶学角度对产黄青霉P.chrysogenum的GSH代谢及GST进行了广泛研究,试图揭示细胞中GSH的浓度、GSH相关的PA代谢及青霉素产量的关系,从而开发出新的高产发酵工艺。研究结果显示,在青霉素的生物合成过程中在培养基中增加PA会增大GSTs的表达量,但所有有利于提高青霉素产量的培养基成分的改变同样也有利于GSH的形成。
至今还未见到产黄青霉中GST相关基因研究的报道。
因此,产黄青霉中谷胱苷肽转移酶编码基因的克隆及深入研究将进一步揭示苯乙酸的代谢机制,为青霉素生产菌种的基因工程改造提供新的方向和靶点。
本发明的一个目的在于提供新的编码产黄青霉谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因,定名为PcGSTA。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述基因编码的多肽。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供含有上述基因序列的表达载体。
根据本发明的一方面,编码产黄青霉谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因,来源于产黄 青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum),名称为PcGSTA,其编码238个氨基酸,分子量26.9kDa的蛋白质,如序列表中SEQ ID NO.2所示。序列比对,其氨基酸序列具有谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)的保守结构域,与真菌GST家族的蛋白高度相似,其中与Botryotinia fuckeliana谷胱甘肽转移酶(AAG43132)有54%的一致性,与Emericella nidulans GST(AAM48104)有52%的一致性,与Aspergillus fumigutus gstA(AAX07321)、gstB(AAX070318)gstC(AAX070319)的氨基酸序列一致性分别为52%,45%,37%,与Schizosaccharomyces PombeGST-II(O59827)的序列一致性为41%。采用基因工程技术,将本发明分离的基因在表达载体中表达时,其表达的蛋白具有谷胱苷肽转移酶活性。具体地说,本发明提供了含有下述序列之一的分离的多核苷酸:
(1)序列表中的SEQ ID No:1;
(2)编码序列表中SEQ ID No:2蛋白质序列的多核苷酸;
(3)与序列表中SEQ ID No:1限定的cDNA序列具有90%以上同源性,且编码相同功能蛋白质的cDNA序列;
序列表中SEQ ID No:1的cDNA序列长度为717bp。
上述涉及的多核苷酸还包括取代、缺失、和插入变体以及等位变体、剪接变体、片段、衍生物等,其中可以通过取代、缺失、插入或衍生一个或多个核苷酸。优选的这些多核苷酸是那些编码具有生物学活性的谷胱苷肽转移酶的多核苷酸。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是,上述的分离的多核苷酸也包括那些与SEQID NO.1所示序列具有较高同源性的序列,例如同源性大于90%、甚至95%、甚至98%的序列;还包括那些在严谨条件下可与SEQ ID NO.1所示序列杂交的序列;或者可与SEQ ID NO.1所示序列互补的序列。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供新的多肽,其含有上述核苷酸序列所编码的氨基酸序列,即含有SEQ ID NO.2所示的序列,编码蛋白为产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)的一种GST,名称为PcGSTA,是具有序列表中SEQ
ID No:2的氨基酸残基序列的蛋白质或将SEQ ID No:2的氨基酸残基序列经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加且具有与SEQ ID No:2相同活性的由SEQ ID No:2衍生的蛋白质。序列表中的SEQ ID No:2是由239个氨基酸残基组成。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明亦提供包括一种或多种上述多核苷酸的重组载体,以及包含上述多核苷酸的载体的基因工程宿主细胞。在优选的实施方案中,这种重组载体包括上述的多核苷酸,它编码含SEQ ID NO:2的多肽,其含SEQ ID NO:1的序列所示的多核苷酸。在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,构建了含本发明多核苷酸的原核表达载体并成功地表达出具有GST活性的蛋白。
本发明也涉及到包括任何一种上述重组载体的宿主细胞。在已经构建载体之后,可以插入全部或部分载体至适合的宿主细胞,以便扩增和/或多肽表达。宿主细胞可以是原核生物宿主细胞(例如E.coli)或者真核生物宿主细胞(例如丝状真菌细胞、酵母细胞,昆虫细胞,或脊椎动物细胞)。
本发明同时提供了苯乙酸对本发明的新基因PcGSTA的表达的影响,进而提供了将本发明的新基因PcGSTA应用于产黄青霉菌改造以提高青霉素产量的途径。
本发明从产黄青霉中成功地分离获得了编码新的产黄青霉谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因,并构建了基因工程载体和宿主,表达出了有GST活性的蛋白,而且证明了该基因的表达与苯乙酸的补加相关,本发明为利用基因工程手段改造产黄青霉菌从而提高青霉素产量提供了方向和靶点,对于青霉素的生产具有重要意义。
附图的简要说明
图1为PcGSTA蛋白的表达及纯化后的SDS-PAGE结果图;
其中泳道1,2,3,4,5,6分别为诱导前总蛋白、诱导后总蛋白、诱导后上清蛋白,诱导后沉淀蛋白,纯化后PcGSTA,蛋白分子量标准;
图2为苯乙酸对不同产量菌株的PcGSTA表达影响的定量PCR分析结果。
发明的具体实施方式
下面结合附图,通过对本发明较佳实施例的描述,详细说明本发明。
在下面使用的试剂材料如无特别说明,均为市售分析纯试剂,购自天津试剂公司。
【实施例1】PcGSTA基因的克隆
将产黄青霉WIS 54-1255(ATCC28089)在YPD(1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖)培养基中培养24小时,过滤收集菌丝,取0.1克湿菌丝液N2研磨,加1ml Trizol试剂(Invitrogen公司,15596-260)抽提产黄青霉总RNA,将所得产黄青霉总RNA溶解于DEPC水中,-70℃下保存备用。另取0.1克菌丝,加液N2磨碎后用Easy-DNA kit(Invitrogen公司,K1800-01)提取产黄青霉基因组DNA。
为去除RNA中可能的DNA污染,取产黄青霉总RNA 5μg,在100μl反应体系中加入5μlRQ1 RNase-free DNase(Promega公司,M6101),10μlRQ1RNase-free DNase反应缓冲液(10X),37℃保温30分钟,用酚:氯仿抽提,乙醇沉淀,溶于10μlDEPC水。取5μl去除DNA的RNA样品,用随机引物(Random Hexamers,Promega公司,C1181)进行反转录,得cDNA,所用反转录酶为SuperscriptTM II RNase H-(Inritrogen公司,18064-022)。
以cDNA为模板进行,以pg1:5’-catATG TCT TCAAAC ATTACC CTG-3’和pg2:5’-ggattc TCA ATG CTG ATC GGA AGT AG-3’为引物做PCR扩增,PCR条件为94℃ 5分钟;94℃ 1分钟,56℃ 1分钟,72℃ 1分钟-35cycles;72℃7分钟。
将RT-PCR产物按常规方法克隆到pGEM-T载体(Promega公司)并测序,结果表明该RT-PCR产物具有SEQ ID NO.1的开放阅读框架,长度为717bp。将其命名为PcgstA。
以基因组DNA为模版,以pg1/pg2为引物做PCR,得到PcgstA的基因组序列,通过与cDNA序列比较,证明该基因有2个内含子,长度分别为64bp,59bp。
PcgstA编码238个氨基酸,分子量26.9kDa的蛋白质,如序列表中SEQ IDNO.2所示。序列比对,其氨基酸序列具有谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)的保守结构域,与真菌GST家族的蛋白高度相似,其中与Botryotinia fuckeliana谷胱甘肽转移酶(AAG43132)有54%的一致性,与Emericella nidulans GST(AAM48104)有52%的一致性,与Aspergillus fumigutus gstA(AAX07321)、gstB(AAX070318)gstC(AAX070319)的氨基酸序列一致性分别为52%,45%,37%,与Schizosaccharomyces Pombe GST-II(O59827)的序列一致性为41%。
【实施例2】:PcGSTA的原核表达
原核表达载体pET-11a购自Stratagene公司。
用限制性内切酶Nde I,BamH I将PcgstA从载体pGEM-T上切下,与用同样酶切得的载体pET-11a连接,得到质粒pET/GSTA。将构建好的质粒pET/GSTA转化表达宿主菌BL21(DE3)-RP,挑取阳性克隆至LB培养基(酵母粉蛋白胨NaCl)37℃培养至OD600=0.6,加入0.5mmol/L IPTG诱导外源基因表达,37℃200rpm继续培养3.5小时,收集菌体,SDS-PAGE分析。
称取菌体0.4g用16ml Buffer A(50mmol/L Tris-HCl pH7.5,0.5mmol/LEDTA,50mmol/L NaCl,5%甘油)重悬,超声破碎,10,000g 4℃10min离心,分别取上清和沉淀,SDS-PAGE电泳分析,结果表明重组表达的PcGSTA只有少部分为可溶性蛋白,绝大多数为包涵体的形式存在,结果见图1。
【实施例3】:重组PcGSTA蛋白的纯化
将包涵体用含2%的脱氧胆酸钠的Buffer A洗2次,每次均先室温放置10min,然后10,000g 4℃10min离心,弃上清。沉淀溶于含0.3%十二烷基肌氨酸钠的Buffer A,室温放置30min,4℃透析过夜,SDS-PAGE检验纯度达80%以上。
【实施例4】:PcGSTA的活性测定
PcGSTA的活性测定按照(Habig W.H.&Jakoby W.B.Methods Enzymol 77:398-405.1981)方法
选用底物为CDNB(1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene),100μl反应体系,反应基质为0.1mol/L的磷酸钠缓冲液(pH6.5),CDNB和GSH的终浓度分别为1mol/L和0.5mol/L,加入纯化的PcGSTA约5.38μg,按OD340的增加值测定反应速度,用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白浓度,结果表明透析后的PcGSTA比活性为9.67U/mgProtein,Km CDNB为7.52μmol/L,Vmax CDNB为78.9μmol/min.mgProtein。
【实施例5】:苯乙酸对PcgstA表达的影响
选用产黄青霉菌株WIS54-1255在YPD培养基中培养68h,分两种处理方法,一种在培养过程中补加0.2ml13%的苯乙酸(PA)三次,另一种不补PA。收集菌丝,提取RNA,用RNase free的DNase处理后作定量PCR,试剂为SYBR Green,仪器为ABI PRISM 7000定量PCR仪。结果显示,加入PA对 PcgstA表达均有明显的抑制作用。结果见图2。
以上对本发明的详细描述并不限制本发明,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明做出各种改变和变形,只要未脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明权利要求所定义的范围。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110>华北制药集团新药研究开发有限责任公司
<120>编码产黄青酶谷胱苷肽转移酶的基因及其应用
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Claims (9)
1.一种分离的多核苷酸,其序列为SEQ ID No:1所示的序列。
2.一种分离的多核苷酸,其序列为编码SEQ ID No:2所示的蛋白质序列的多核苷酸序列。
3.一种分离的多核苷酸,其序列为与权利要求1或2所示的核苷酸序列互补的核苷酸序列。
4.由权利要求1或2所述的核苷酸序列编码的多肽。
5.权利要求4所述的多肽,其序列为如SEQ ID No.2所示的序列,具有谷胱苷肽转移酶活性。
6.含有权利要求1或2所述的多核苷酸的表达载体。
7.权利要求6所述的表达载体,其中所述的表达载体为原核表达载体。
8.含有权利要求6所述的表达载体的宿主细胞。
9.权利要求1或2所述的分离的多核苷酸在提高产黄青霉菌的青霉素产量中的应用。
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997035013A1 (es) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-09-25 | Antibioticos, S.A. | PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INCREMENTAR LA PRODUCCION DE PENICILINA G (BENCILPENICILINA) EN PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM MEDIANTE LA EXPRESION DEL GEN pcl |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1997035013A1 (es) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-09-25 | Antibioticos, S.A. | PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INCREMENTAR LA PRODUCCION DE PENICILINA G (BENCILPENICILINA) EN PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM MEDIANTE LA EXPRESION DEL GEN pcl |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| TAMáS EMRI et al..Does the detoxification of penicillin side-chain precursorsdepend on microsomal monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase in Penicillium chrysogenum?.Journal of Basic Microbiology43 4.2003,43(4),287-300. |
| TAMáS EMRI et al..Does the detoxification of penicillin side-chain precursorsdepend on microsomal monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase in Penicillium chrysogenum?.Journal of Basic Microbiology43 4.2003,43(4),287-300. * |
| 王富强等.产黄青霉转化载体pPIPKA的构建及青霉素工业生产菌株的转化研究.菌物学报23 1.2004,23(1),66-72. |
| 王富强等.产黄青霉转化载体pPIPKA的构建及青霉素工业生产菌株的转化研究.菌物学报23 1.2004,23(1),66-72. * |
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