CN1976721A - 降低fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂的肝毒性的方法 - Google Patents
降低fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂的肝毒性的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种预防或降低由Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗的患者的肝脏副作用的方法,该方法包括施用一种预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品。
Description
本发明涉及一种降低Fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂的肝毒性的新方法。
已知肝脏对Fas-介导的细胞毒性尤其敏感。由于其功效,一些Fas-介导凋亡的诱导剂可能表现出肝脏毒性的高风险(DeVries & al.Drugs Today(Barc).2003;39 Suppl C:95-109)。对小鼠施用激动性抗-Fas抗体在几小时内可导致急性肝衰竭和死亡(Ni & al.,1994,Exp.Cell.Res.215,332-337;Ogaswara & al.,1993,Nature 364,806-809)。
也已发现可溶性Fas配体多聚化形式的毒性取决于施用途径。具体来说,给小鼠静脉注射50μg/kg Mega-FasL(FasL细胞外结构域的六聚体融合到ACRP30片段),在2-6小时内因肝脏衰竭导致死亡。对比之下,腹膜内注射所述剂量的Mega-FasL将不会引起死亡(EP 032912473,作为参考引入本文)。实际上,在腹膜内注射高几倍的剂量之后最终可观察到死亡(100-200μg/kg)。
本发明涉及一种在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗的患者中预防或降低肝脏不利作用的新方法。该方法包括施用预防肝脏细胞TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品。TNF受体选自TNFR1和TNFR2。
预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品优选预防TNF和/或淋巴毒素的释放,或优选是预防TNF-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的抗-TNF/TNFR相互作用产品。
根据本发明所述施用可以与Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂依次、分开或同时进行。
根据本发明,依次治疗意思是指或者用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗前,用预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品预治疗,或者在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗之后和期间,用预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品的后治疗,以及其组合。
在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂处理前,预处理将预防TNF-介导的凋亡。
在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗后,可以基于检测到肝脏酶浓度比如ALAT和ASAT的增加启动后处理以降低检测时的毒性。
作为替代,预处理可以接后处理。
当依次或分开使用时,Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂和预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品在分开的药物组合物中使用,其中每个对所选施用途径都是适合的。然而,两种组合物可以结合在同一包装或治疗药盒中。
当同时使用时,Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂和预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品可以组合在适合于所选施用途径的同一药物组合物中。
包含Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂和预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品的药物组合物、以及在分开的药物组合物中包含Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂和预防TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品的治疗药盒也是本发明的部分。
用于制备药物组合物的合适的药物组合物和载体、辅助剂、防腐剂等对本领域技术人员是熟知的(见Gennaro(ed.),Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,19th Edition(Mack Publishing Company 1995))。
根据本发明,Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂包含激动性Fas抗体和可溶性FasL分子或其多聚体。
用根据本发明所述方法治疗的疾病或病理,包括所有包含细胞增殖的病理。更具体地,其包括必须诱导细胞死亡用于其控制和/或治疗的病理,比如原发性和继发性癌症和其转移,以及血液恶性肿瘤,更具体地包括间皮瘤、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、乳癌、非小细胞肺癌、黑素瘤、结肠癌、胶质母细胞瘤、骨髓瘤和白血病。
不同肿瘤细胞系对经FasL六聚体凋亡的敏感度列于下表。
间皮瘤 | 敏感度 |
H28 | ++ |
H2052 | - |
H2373 | ++ |
H2452 | ++ |
SPC111 | ++ |
SPC212 | - |
ZL5 | + |
ZL34 | ++ |
ZL55 | +/- |
H-Meso-1 | +/- |
Met5A | + |
卵巢癌 | |
OVCAR-3 | + |
SKOV-3 | + |
胰腺癌 | |
CAPAN-2 | ++ |
前列腺癌 | |
BxPC3 | ++ |
PC3 | ++ |
乳癌 | |
MCF-7 | ++ |
非小细胞肺癌 | |
H226 | ++ |
A-549 | ++ |
黑素瘤 | |
C-32 | ++ |
HT-144 | ++ |
结肠癌 | |
HT29 | ++ |
胶质母细胞瘤 | |
U87 | ++ |
U251 | ++ |
LN229 | + |
脊髓瘤 | |
RPMI8226 | ++ |
U266 | + |
白血病 | |
HL60 | + |
K562 | - |
在本领域中激动性Fas抗体是已知的,包括以下公开的抗体:Tinel & al.(Hepatology.2004 Mar;39(3):655-66)、Rubio Pomar & al.(Biol Reprod.2004May 5)、Pechelet & al.(Biochem Pharmacol.2004 Feb 1;67(3):523-37)、Clarke & al.(Haematologica.2004 Jan;89(1):11-20)、Imai & al.(Oncogene.2003 Dec 18;22(58):9231-42)、Legembre & al.(J Immunol.2003 Dec 1;171(11):5659-62)、Chun & al.(Toxicol Lett.2003 Dec 15;146(1):75-81),其内容作为参考引入本文。
可溶性FasL分子包含FasL分子尤其是该配体的可溶性细胞外结构域的单体、寡聚体和多聚体。在一个优选实施方案中,可溶性FasL分子选自多聚化FasL分子。
根据本发明的多聚化FasL分子包含Fas配体的至少四个球形可溶性细胞外部分,优选至少五个,更优选至少六个,甚至更优选六个结合于多聚化部分的Fas配体球形可溶性细胞外部分。
多聚化FasL分子最终可聚集形成更高程度的多聚化,包括十二聚体(2个六聚体)或十八聚体(3个六聚体)。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,Fas配体的多聚化形式是包含聚集到一起的六个单体的六聚体,每个单体包含式(I)的多肽:
H-L (I)
其中:
-L代表C端的Fas配体部分,其包含Fas配体的可溶性细胞外部分,和-H代表N端的六聚化部分。
根据本发明,配体部分L包括“全长”的Fas配体可溶性细胞外部分和相同部分的生物功能性片段。“生物功能性片段”是TNF家族配体的可溶性细胞外部分的片段,该片段保留以基本相同亲和力与相同受体结合的能力。
L优选包含上述配体的全长细胞外可溶性部分。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,L包含人FAS配体的细胞外结构域(hFasL),其包含hFasL的氨基酸Glu 139-Leu 281。
根据本发明的六聚体或者是“真正的”六聚体、三聚体的二聚体或者是二聚体的三聚体。在第一种情况下,H是六聚化多肽HP。在后者情况中,H包含两种结构,由二聚化多肽(DP)组成的第一种结构和由三聚化多肽(TP)组成的第二种结构。
根据本发明的多肽包含由下述式(Ia)、(Ib)和(Ic)中一种表示的多肽:
HP-L(Ia)(“真正的”六聚体),
DP-TP-L(Ib)(二聚体的三聚体),和
TP-DP-L(Ic)(三聚体的二聚体)
其中L、HP、DP和TP定义如上和如下。
HP、TP和DP的实例在本领域是熟知的并且包含天然六聚、三聚或二聚多肽的分离肽片段,所述分离片段负责所述天然六聚体、二聚体或三聚体的六聚化、二聚化或三聚化。
这些分子在本领域是熟知的并且包含胶原凝素(collectin)家族的多肽,例如ACRP30或ACRP30样蛋白质(WO 96/39429、WO 99/10492、WO 99/59618、WO 99/59619、WO 99/64629、WO 00/26363、WO 00/48625、WO 00/63376、WO 00/63377、WO 00/73446、WO 00/73448或WO 01/32868),apM1(Maedaet al.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.221:286-9,1996),Clq(Sellar et al.,Biochem.J.274:481-90,1991),或Clq样蛋白质(WO 01/02565),所述蛋白质包含由胶原重复Gly-Xaa-Xaa’组成的“胶原结构域”。
其他寡聚化多肽在本领域中已知,包括具有“卷曲螺旋”结构域的多肽(Kammerer RA,Matrix Biol 1997 Mar;15(8-9):555-65;discussion 567-8;Lombardi & al.,Biopolymers 1996;40(5):495-504;http://mdl.ipc.pku.edu.cn/scop/data/scop.1.008.001.html),如软骨基质蛋白(CMP)(Beck & al.,1996,J.Mol.Biol.,256,909-923),或具有二聚化结构域的多肽,如具有亮氨酸拉链结构或护骨蛋白(osteoprotegerin)的多肽(Yamaguchi& al.,1998)。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案,HP包含Clq家族多肽的A、B或C链的六聚化结构域。
TP在本领域是已知的并且包含CMP(即GeneBank 115555,氨基酸451-493)的三聚化结构域(C端部分),或ACRP30和ACRP30样分子的三聚化结构域。根据本发明一个优选实施方案,TP包含一段胶原重复序列。
根据本发明,“一段胶原重复序列”由一系列相邻的式(II)胶原重复序列组成:
-(Gly-Xaa-Xaa’)n- (II)
其中:
-Xaa和Xaa’各自独立地代表氨基酸残基,和
-n代表10-40的整数。
Xaa和Xaa’优选各自独立地选自天然氨基酸,例如Ala、Arg、Asn、Asp、Cys、Gln、Glu、Gly、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Pro、Ser、Thr、Trp、Tyr或Val。
Xaa优选各自独立地代表选自以下的氨基酸残基:Ala、Arg、Asp、Glu、Gly、His、Ile、Leu、Met、Pro或Thr,更优选Arg、Asp、Glu、Gly、His或Thr。
Xaa’优选各自独立地代表选自以下的氨基酸残基:Ala、Asn、Asp、Glu、Leu、Lys、Phe、Pro、Thr或Val,更优选Asp、Lys、Pro或Thr。
当Xaa’代表Pro残基时,胶原重复Gly-Xaa-Pro被指为“完美的”胶原重复,其他胶原重复序列被指为“不完美的”。
根据本发明一个优选的实施方案,所述一段胶原重复序列包含至少1个完美的胶原重复序列,更优选至少5个完美的胶原重复序列。
根据本发明一个优选的实施方案,n是15-35的整数,更优选20-30,更优选21、22、23或24。
根据本发明,所述胶原重复序列段可包含高达三个插入到两个相邻胶原重复序列之间的“非胶原残基”。这些“非胶原残基”由1、2或3个氨基酸残基组成,当“非胶原残基”由3个氨基酸残基组成时,第一个氨基酸不是Gly。
根据本发明一个优选的实施方案,TP由一段未间断的22个胶原重复序列组成。更优选的是,TP由SEQ ID NO 1的22个胶原重复序列段组成,对应mACRP30的第45-110位氨基酸,如WO 96/39429的SEQ ID NO 2所示。
Gly Ile Pro
Gly His Pro
Gly His Asn
Gly Thr Pro
Gly Asp Asp
Gly Arg Asp
Gly Thr Pro
Gly Glu Lys
Gly Glu Lys
Gly Asp Ala
Gly Leu Leu
Gly Pro Lys
Gly Glu Thr Gly Asp Val
Gly Met Thr
Gly Ala Glu
Gly Pro Arg
Gly Phe Pro
Gly Thr Pro
Gly Arg Lys
Gly Glu Pro
Gly Glu Ala
根据本发明另一个优选实施方案,TP由一段22个胶原重度序列组成,其对应hACRP30的第42-1107位氨基酸,如WO 96/39429的SEQ ID NO 7所示。
DP在本领域中是已知的并且包含免疫球蛋白的二聚化片段(Fc片段)、护骨蛋白的C端二聚化结构域(受体:δN-OPG;氨基酸187-401)、或包含至少6个、优选8-30个氨基酸并允许二聚化的多肽序列。通常这些多肽包含至少一个允许形成二硫键的半胱氨酸残基。可用作根据本发明DP的其他多肽是被称为“亮氨酸拉链”的肽,其中每七个残基中存在一个亮氨酸残基。
包含至少一个半胱氨酸残基的这种肽的实例包含下述肽:
Val Asp Leu Glu Gly Ser Thr Ser Asn Gly Arg Gln Cys Ala Gly Ile Arg Leu
Glu Asp Asp Val Thr Thr Thr Glu Glu Leu Ala Pro Ala Leu Val Pro Pro Pro LysGly Thr Cys Ala Gly Trp Met Ala
Gly His Asp Gln Glu Thr Thr Thr Gln Gly Pro Gly Val Leu Leu Pro Leu Pro LysGly Ala Cys Thr Gly Trp Met Ala.
以上第二个序列对应mACRP30的第17-44位氨基酸,如WO 96/39429的SEQ ID NO 2所示,和以上第三个序列对应WO 96/39429的SEQ ID NO 7的第15-41位氨基酸。
包含至少一个半胱氨酸残基的其他肽可以发现于具有ACRP30类似结构(ACRP30样)分子的胶原重复序列段上游的氨基酸序列,所述具有ACRP30类似结构(ACRP30样)分子公开于WO 99/10492、WO 99/59618、WO 99/59619、WO 99/64629、WO 00/26363、WO 00/48625、WO 00/63376、WO 00/63377、WO 00/73446、WO 00/73448或WO 01/32868。
亮氨酸拉链在本领域中是熟知的并且可在天然蛋白质中发现,本领域技术人员可用生物信息学工具最终对其鉴定(
http://www.bioinf.man.ac.uk/zip/faq.shtml;http://2zip.molgen.mpg.de/;Hirst,J.D.,Vieth,M.,Skolnick,J. & Brooks,C.L.III,Predicting Leucine Zipper Structures from Sequence,Protein Engineering,9,657-662(1996))。
根据本发明,式I、Ia、Ib或Ic多肽中的构成元素L、H、HP、TP和/或DP通过肽键装配。它们可以通过“连接子”被分离,所述“连接子”将不影响根据本发明多肽的功能、其形成六聚体和与配体L对应的受体结合的能力。这种连接子在分子生物学领域是众所周知的。
本发明的多肽在其N端和/或C端也可包含肽序列,所述肽序列不影响根据本发明多肽的功能。这些肽可以包含亲和标签,用于纯化或检测本发明的多肽。这种亲和标签在本领域是熟知的并且包含FLAG肽(Hopp et al.,Biotechnology 6:1204(1988))或Myc-His标记。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,H包含二聚化多肽(DP)和三聚化多肽(TP),和最优选如下式所示:
DP-TP-L (Ib)
其中R、DP和TP如上述和下述定义。
更优选地,DP和TP一起表示由WO 96/39429中SEQ ID NO 2代表的mACRP30的第17-110位氨基酸,或表示由WO 96/39429中SEQ ID NO 7代表的hACRP30的第15-107位氨基酸。
作为本发明一个优选的实施方案,所述多肽包含融合多肽m或hACRP30:hFasL(MegafasL),更具体说是公开于WO 01/49866中的m或hACRP30:hFasL,其内容作为参考引入本文。
根据本发明另一个实施方案,所述六聚化部分包含IgG的Fc部分,其包括gi2765420的第248-473位氨基酸,其公开于PCT申请No.PCT/EP02/09354,该内容作为参考引入本文。
预防肝脏细胞TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品,尤其是预防TNF-介导凋亡的抗-TNF/TNFR相互作用的产品在本领域也是已知的。它们包括已知的抗-肿瘤剂例如抗-TNF抗体和可溶性TNF受体。它们也包括干扰TNF活性的小分子量分子,例如沙立度胺(thalidomide)或苏拉明。它们也包括TNFR1和TNFR2其它配体的抑制剂,例如α-淋巴毒素。
抗-TNF抗体在本领域是已知的。在一个优选实施方案中,抗-TNF抗体是单克隆抗体,更优选重组单克隆抗体例如英利昔单抗(infliximab),由Centocor以商品名Remicade销售。
可溶性受体优选地包含TNF受体的可溶性细胞外部分。在一个优选实施方案中,可溶性TNF受体是多聚体,例如四聚体、五聚体(WO 01/49866)或六聚体(WO 03/095489)。在一个优选实施方案中,可溶性受体是依那西普(etanercept),由Wyeth以商品名Embrel销售。
在根据本发明的方法中,使用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂的治疗不仅可以与包含适合治疗相同疾病的其它分子或组合物的其它治疗手段相结合,而且还可以与本领域中已知的治疗相同疾病的其它治疗手段相结合,例如放疗、化疗、或最终的外科方法。
适合治疗相同疾病的其它分子或组合物在本领域中是熟知的,例如列于Dictionaire Vidal(2003版)、Merk Index或Physician Desk Reference中“Cancerologie”标题下的任一分子或组合物。
使用以上定义的Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂和尤其是使用以上定义的FasL可溶性部分的六聚体作为现有化学疗法的辅助剂是本发明另一个实施方案。作为实例,当MegaFasL与顺铂联合时细胞死亡大大增加,而当单独使用每种所述化合物之一时只测量到少量细胞死亡。事实上,作为单剂和与顺铂联合的MegaFasL的抗肿瘤有效性,首先在体外间皮瘤和卵巢癌细胞系中被评价。细胞毒性试验显示在用MegaFasL治疗前多达3天用亚中毒剂量化疗预处理细胞,诱导这两种治疗之间强烈的协同作用。
本发明也涉及上述定义的预防肝脏细胞TNF/淋巴毒素-介导凋亡的产品用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于预防或降低用上述定义的Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂所治疗患者肝脏的副作用。
本发明也涉及上述定义的预防肝脏细胞TNF/淋巴毒素-介导凋亡的产品和上述定义的Fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
本发明也涉及一种产品,其包含上述定义的预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品,以及上述定义的Fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂,所述产品同时、分开或依次用于治疗以上定义的疾病,所述疾病中必须诱导细胞死亡以进行控制和/或治疗。
根据本发明可以执行以下治疗。
首先使用Embrel重复注射于患有一些晚期恶性肿瘤(间皮瘤或卵巢癌)的患者。作为替代,向他/她施用一些标准的沙立度胺治疗,例如常规用于炎症疾病的治疗。然后在开始施用Mega-FasL(静脉、腹膜,推注或灌注)前,患者用标准化疗方法(即顺铂或5-氟尿嘧啶)治疗。
实施以下正在进行的体内实验。
1)注射增加剂量的Mega-FasL给TNFR1和TNFR2双敲除小鼠和对照野生型小鼠。监测ALAT和ASAT水平和存活。预期TNF受体-缺乏小鼠比正常小鼠对肝脏毒性将显示更低的敏感性。
2)在注射增加剂量的Mega-FasL前,对正常小鼠施用重组TNFR1-Fc融合蛋白(中和TNF-α和淋巴毒素-α)。监测ALAT和ASAF水平和存活。预期用TNFR1-Fc蛋白处理的小鼠比未处理的小鼠对肝脏毒性将显示更低的敏感性。
3)对正常小鼠施用苏拉明或沙立度胺。随后,对动物注射增加剂量的Mega-FasL。一段时间中监测ALAT和ASAT水平和存活。预期用沙立度胺或苏拉明处理的小鼠比未处理的小鼠对Mega-FasL-诱导的肝脏毒性将显示更低的敏感性(Eichhorst et al.2004.Suramin inhibits death receptor-induced apoptosisin vitro and fulminant apoptotic liver damage in mice.Nature Medicine 10:602)。
Claims (15)
1.一种预防或降低用Fas-介导凋亡-诱导剂治疗患者的肝脏的不利作用的方法,该方法包含施用预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述施用可与Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂依次、分开或同时进行。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中依次治疗或者是在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗前,用预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品进行预治疗,或者是在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗之后和期间,用预防TNF受体-介导肝脏细胞凋亡的产品进行后治疗,以及其组合。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗前,预处理预防TNF/淋巴毒素-介导的凋亡。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中在用Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂治疗后,基于检测到肝脏酶如ALAT和ASAT浓度的增加而启动后治疗以降低检测时的毒性。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中Fas-介导凋亡诱导剂包含激动性Fas抗体和可溶性FasL分子。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中可溶性FasL分子选自FasL可溶性、细胞外结构域的多聚化分子。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中Fas-L可溶性细胞外部分包含hFasL的氨基酸Glu139-Leu 281。
9.权利要求7的方法,其中多聚化部分包含mACRP30的第17-110位氨基酸或hACRP30的第15-107位氨基酸。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品是选自抗-TNF抗体和可溶性TNF受体的抗-TNF/TNFR相互作用的产品。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中抗-TNF抗体是英利昔单抗。
12.权利要求10的方法,其中可溶性受体是依那西普。
13.权利要求1的方法,其中预防TNF-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品是干扰TNF功能的化合物,优选沙立度胺。
14.药物组合物,包含Fas-介导凋亡的诱导剂和预防TNF受体-介导的肝脏细胞凋亡的产品。
15.治疗药盒,在分离的药物组合物中包含Fas-介导凋亡的诱导剂和预防肝脏细胞TNF受体-介导凋亡的产品。
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