CN1969158B - Cooling system for superconducting power apparatus - Google Patents
Cooling system for superconducting power apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1969158B CN1969158B CN2005800196798A CN200580019679A CN1969158B CN 1969158 B CN1969158 B CN 1969158B CN 2005800196798 A CN2005800196798 A CN 2005800196798A CN 200580019679 A CN200580019679 A CN 200580019679A CN 1969158 B CN1969158 B CN 1969158B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000039 congener Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 166
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 137
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 83
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
- F17C2270/0527—Superconductors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/04—Refrigerant level
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
A cooling system for a superconducting power apparatus, having a reservoir for storing liquid gas, a circulation pump, a heat exchanger for cooling the liquid gas, and a circulation loop in which a liquefied gas circulates, the liquefied gas being circulated in a subcooled state by using the circulation pump to cool the superconducting power apparatus, wherein the cooling system further has pressurizing means for pressurizing the reservoir by the same kind of gas as the liquefied gas, and the liquid level of the reservoir for storing the liquefied gas in a pressurized state is positioned above the exit of a return line of the circulating liquefied gas by at least an amount equal to the sum of the depth of dissolution of the pressurizing gas and of the amount of correction of liquid level movement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by liquid nitrogens such as liquid nitrogen coolings and can with the superconducting state industrial utilization, with the cooling system of coolings such as hyperconductive cable, the total circuit of superconduction, SMES, superconducting transformer, relate in particular to the superconducting power apparatus that is used to cool off running device under high-voltage state.
Background technology
A kind of as superconducting power apparatus is example with the hyperconductive cable that nitrogenize gas such as liquid nitrogen is used in cooling, with reference to Fig. 6 prior art described.As the cooling system of hyperconductive cable, the known spy of having opens the structure of putting down in writing in the flat 08-148044 communique.As shown in Figure 6, existing cooling system is repeatedly the system of following cycle period: pressurize from the liquefied gas of hold-up tank 101 by 105 pairs of supercooled states of pump (liquefied gas is cooled to below the state of liquefied gas saturation temperature), supply to cable 111 after heat exchanger 107 coolings by refrigerator 108, and then turn back to hold-up tank 101.
Under the situation of cooling hyperconductive cable, if the liquefied gas of circulation becomes the gas-liquid mixed state, then the pressure loss increases, and the liquefied gas of necessary amount is stably circulated, and therefore needs to prepare jumbo large-scale circulating pump.In addition, make liquefied gas be infiltrated up in the insulator owing to hyperconductive cable adopts, keep the utmost point low temperature electric insulation mode of high electrical insulation capability thus, so, then produce the significantly problem of reduction electrical insulation capability as if entrained air or bubble in the liquefied gas.
Therefore, in existing cooling system, in order all the time liquefied gas to be maintained supercooled state, under the state that does not gasify, circulate, for example, when using liquid nitrogen, supply with than the enough low gas hydrogen (H of liquefied gas three phase point by gas bomb 123 grades as liquefied gas
2) or helium (He), make in the hold-up tank 101 to reach pressurized state, improve the boiling point of liquefied gas, make liquefied gas in circulation, be unlikely to boiling (that is, can not reach the gas-liquid mixed state).
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 08-148044 communique
As prior art as can be known: in hold-up tank, by than the enough low gas helium (He) of liquefied gas three phase point when for example pressurizeing as the liquid nitrogen of liquefied gas, produce He gas and dissolve in phenomenon in the liquid nitrogen micro-ly.That is, helium (He) is known as inert gas, is considered to can not dissolve in liquid nitrogen always, and He gas dissolves in the liquid nitrogen micro-ly but reality is clearly.
Although the amount of dissolving in the liquid nitrogen is considerably less amount, if dissolve in the liquefied gas circulation that He gas is arranged but make, the part then for example roomy and flow velocity liquefied gas is slow at pipe arrangement, or the part that for example reduces sharp by the pressure of back liquefied gas such as throttling such as valve from hold-up tank, the He gas that dissolves in can't continue to keep and dissolves in the state in liquefied gas and become bubble, and being blended into becomes the gas-liquid mixed state in the liquid nitrogen.
In addition, as can be known: hyperconductive cable or superconducting power apparatus are provided with the state of layout according to it, exist under the situation of the part that is higher than cooling system, in this part, the gas that produces retains in the top in the equipment, finally is full of in the cooling tubing of liquid nitrogen, can't continue the circulation of liquid nitrogen.
By inventor's experiment clear and definite above-mentioned phenomenon be the phenomenon that causes through the very long time of several months.If contain He gas in the liquid nitrogen, and then reach in the pipe arrangement in gas-liquid mixed state or the cooling tubing and be full of gas phase, then the circulation of liquid nitrogen can't successfully be carried out.In addition, because He gas is very little than other liquefied gas voltage-resistent characteristics, so although liquid nitrogen has high insulation characterisitic originally, the He pneumatolytic that contains reduces for causing insulation characterisitic, causes the reason of the defective insulation or the insulation breakdown of superconducting power apparatus.
As this countermeasure, considered hold-up tank to be pressurizeed by gas with the same kind of liquefied gas, but because the liquid nitrogen that is stored in the hold-up tank is the liquid nitrogen of the following temperature of boiling point, if so the nitrogen that uses in the pressurization contact with liquid nitrogen below the boiling point in hold-up tank, then the nitrogen of use is cooled and liquefies in the pressurization.Therefore, have following problems: the pressure of pressurization reduces, if do not continued to supply with nitrogen by gas bomb all the time then pressure can not be remained necessarily its result, produced following problems: consume a large amount of nitrogen, will a large amount of heat of liquefactions be brought into this moment and cause the thermic load increase in the cooling system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cooling system of superconducting power apparatus, wherein, the gas that boiling point is lower than the employed liquefied gas of pressurization dissolves in liquefied gas, can not cause fault, can under supercooled state, liquefied gas be circulated for a long time swimmingly at the insulation of the unstability factor of the circulation of liquefied gas or electric equipment.
The present inventor has carried out research with keen determination in order to solve above-mentioned prior art problems.Its result is not helium (He) gas that in the past uses as gas-pressurized, hold-up tank is pressurizeed with kind gas and use with liquefied gas, can get rid of the situation of the He gas that dissolves in trace in the liquid nitrogen.Thus, clear and definite can addressing the problem: in the part that the pressure of liquefied gas reduces sharp, the He pneumatolytic is a bubble, and being blended into becomes the gas-liquid mixed state in the liquid nitrogen, thereby can't carry out the circulation of liquid nitrogen swimmingly and cause the insulation characterisitic deterioration.Equally, clear and definite can also addressing the problem: if because of the configuration difference of height of superconducting power apparatus surpasses setting, then the bubble of Chan Shenging is stranded in the top of equipment, and then riddles in the cooling circuit, the problem that causes liquid nitrogen to continue to circulate.
In addition, the liquid level of storing the hold-up tank of liquefied gas with pressurized state is positioned at the outlet of the return line of the liquefied gas that only exceeds circulation, at least gas-pressurized dissolves in the position that the degree of depth+liquid level moves the top of revisal amount, clear and definite thus can addressing the problem: the employed nitrogen that pressurizes is liquefied, the pressure of pressurization reduces, if do not continue to supply with nitrogen by gas bomb all the time, then pressure can't be remained certain problem.Therefore, can address the problem: consume a large amount of nitrogen, this moment a large amount of heat of liquefactions is brought into the problem that causes in the cooling system that thermic load increases.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned result of study and realize, first mode of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is to possess the hold-up tank of storing liquid gas, circulating pump, the heat exchanger of cooling liquid gas, reach the closed circuit that liquefied gas circulates, use circulating pump under supercooled state, to make described liquefied gas circulation, cool off the cooling system of the superconducting power apparatus of superconducting power apparatus thus, it is characterized in that, also possesses pressing mechanism, it is used with the congener gas of described liquefied gas hold-up tank is pressurizeed, described hold-up tank is the airtight container of outlet of return line with liquefied gas of circulation, the degree of depth+(adding) liquid level that dissolves in that the outlet of described return line is positioned at than the low at least gas-pressurized of liquid level of described hold-up tank moves the position of the bottom of revisal amount, and the described degree of depth of dissolving in is at least 20cm.
Second mode of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that, by the described pressing mechanism that hold-up tank pressurizes being constituted as described below with the congener gas of liquefied gas: the gas bomb by storing with high pressure with the congener gas of described liquefied gas, pressurize with authorized pressure via pressure-regulating valve.
The Third Way of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that, with the described pressing mechanism that hold-up tank pressurizes being constituted as described below: by outlet of circulating pump from the liquefied gas of supercooled state is sent from hold-up tank with the congener gas of liquefied gas, be sent to described superconducting power apparatus liquefied gas a part of branch and turn back to the pipe arrangement of hold-up tank, utilize the discharge pressure of circulating pump that hold-up tank is pressurizeed.
The cubic formula of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that, the pressure-regulating valve of regulating usefulness by gasifier that makes LNG gasifaction and pressure with the described pressing mechanism that hold-up tank is pressurizeed with the congener gas of liquefied gas constitutes, described gasifier and pressure-regulating valve are located at: from the described outlet of circulating pump that the liquefied gas of supercooled state is sent from hold-up tank, be sent to superconducting power apparatus liquefied gas a part of branch and turn back to the pipe arrangement of hold-up tank.
The 5th mode of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that also possess the auxiliary body of described pressing mechanism, and described auxiliary body constitutes as described below: pressurize by being supplied with the congener gas of liquefied gas by gas bomb.
The 6th mode of cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is characterised in that, also has the heating apparatus that the gas phase at described hold-up tank partly disposes, and makes the gas superheat volumetric expansion of hold-up tank gas phase portion by described heating apparatus.
According to the present invention, can provide the cooling system of following superconducting power apparatus: owing to use with the congener gas of liquefied gas hold-up tank pressurizeed, so can not sneak into bubble in the liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen is circulated swimmingly and insulation characterisitic superior.In addition, can provide the cooling system of following superconducting power apparatus according to the present invention: be positioned at the outlet of the return line of the liquefied gas that only exceeds circulation owing to the liquid level of storing the hold-up tank of liquefied gas with pressurized state, at least gas-pressurized dissolves in the position that the degree of depth+liquid level moves the top of revisal amount, so the employed nitrogen of the pressurization of hold-up tank can not be liquefied, the pressure of pressurization can not reduce.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the figure of the explanation method by circulating-pump outlet exert pressure hold-up tank of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cooling system pie graph that is used to illustrate embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is near the pie graph of hold-up tank that is used to illustrate embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is near the pie graph of hold-up tank that is used to illustrate embodiments of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is that the expression gas-pressurized dissolves in the figure of the relation of the degree of depth [m] and pressure slip [%];
Fig. 6 is the figure of the cooling system of the existing hyperconductive cable of explanation.
Among the figure, the 1-hold-up tank; The inboard container of 1b-hold-up tank; Liquid nitrogen liquid level in the 2-hold-up tank; The 3-liquid taking port; 4,6,9-discharges side liquid nitrogen circulation pipe arrangement; The 5-circulating pump; 5a-circulating pump motor; 5b-circulating pump major axis; The 5c-fin; The 5e-vacuum tank; 7-refrigerator heat exchanger; The 8-refrigerator; The inlet of 10-superconducting power apparatus; The 11-hyperconductive cable; The outlet of 12-hyperconductive cable; 13-returns side liquid nitrogen circulation pipe arrangement; Nitrogen in the 14-hold-up tank returns pipe arrangement; 15-nitrogen returns the pipe arrangement outlet; 16,18,20-pressurization branch's pipe arrangement; The 17-gasifier; The 19-valve; The outside pipe arrangement of 21-pressurization; The nitrogen gas bomb of 22-high pressure; The heating rod of 23-hold-up tank inside.
The specific embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is at length described.
Cooling system for superconducting power apparatus of the present invention is to possess: the hold-up tank of storing liquid gas, circulating pump, the heat exchanger of cooling liquid gas, reach the closed circuit that liquefied gas circulates, use circulating pump under supercooled state, to make the liquefied gas circulation cool off the cooling system of the superconducting power apparatus of superconducting power apparatus thus, it is characterized in that, also possess and use and the pressing mechanism of the congener gas of liquefied gas the hold-up tank pressurization, the liquid level of storing the hold-up tank of liquefied gas with pressurized state is positioned at the outlet of the return line of the liquefied gas that only exceeds circulation, and gas-pressurized dissolves in the position that the degree of depth+liquid level moves the top of revisal amount at least.
Need be positioned at the outlet of the return line of the liquefied gas that only exceeds circulation for the liquid level of storing the hold-up tank of liquefied gas with pressurized state, at least gas-pressurized dissolve in the situation of position that the degree of depth+liquid level moves the top of revisal amount, below describe.
Verified the relation between the degree of depth and the pressure slip of dissolving in of gas-pressurized by experiment.Fig. 5 is that the expression gas-pressurized dissolves in the figure of the relation of the degree of depth [m] and pressure slip [%].
Among Fig. 5, represent the degree of depth (that is, the degree of depth is dissolved in pressurization) that gas-pressurized is dissolved in by the liquid level of hold-up tank by the transverse axis and the longitudinal axis respectively and based on the horal slip of pressure in the hold-up tank of liquefaction.As experiment condition, the internal volume of hold-up tank uses the container of diameter 1m, height 1m, and pressure is made as 0.3MPa.Its result as can be clear and definite from Fig. 5, be dissolved in the degree of depth before reaching 10cm, and the slip of pressure is significantly big, dissolved in the degree of depth probably before reaching 20cm, and the nitrogen of the gas phase of using in the pressurization is condensing to be liquid, and the minimizing of the pressure of pressurization is still very fast.On the other hand as can be known: remain on more than the 20cm if will dissolve in the degree of depth, then the reduction of pressure can be maintained the little value below 1%.In fact, except dissolving in the degree of depth of gas-pressurized, because of the liquid level that influences of the temperature of liquid nitrogen, pressure etc. changes, so need to consider that liquid level move the revisal amount.
Therefore, the liquid level of storing the hold-up tank of liquefied gas with pressurized state need be positioned at the outlet of the return line of the liquefied gas that only exceeds circulation, and gas-pressurized dissolves in the position that the degree of depth+liquid level moves the top of revisal amount at least.Be specially, move revisal amount (30cm) and be suitably more than the 50cm as the degree of depth (the 20cm)+liquid level that dissolves in of gas-pressurized.Above-mentioned situation is very little to the dependence of the container shapes of hold-up tank, even size changes, the necessary degree of depth is also so general.Therefore, in the application's system,, need to guarantee the height of the necessary degree of depth (more than the preferred 50cm) as the container height of hold-up tank.
As mentioned above, the invention provides in system by liquefied gas cooling superconducting power apparatus, the gas that boiling point is lower than the employed liquefied gas of pressurization dissolves in liquefied gas, can not cause fault, the cooling system that can under supercooled state, liquefied gas be circulated for a long time at the insulation of the unstability factor of the circulation of liquefied gas or electric equipment.
The pressing mechanism that under above-mentioned state, pressurizes by with hold-up tank in the congener gas of liquefied gas stored hold-up tank be pressurized to the pressure of regulation and constitute.For the gas that prevents from the to pressurize air cooling that is liquefied is but liquefied, with respect to the outlet of returning pipe arrangement that is in the circulating pump in the hold-up tank, the liquid level of hold-up tank is positioned at and exceeds the above position of 20cm at least, preferably exceeds the above position of 50cm.
In addition, as the mechanism of pressurization, replace the mechanism by the high-pressure gas cylinder pressurization, the circulating-pump outlet pressure that has by making the pressure that is higher than hold-up tank turns back to the mechanism that hold-up tank pressurizes.Concrete mechanism as the pressure that uses circulating-pump outlet, has mechanism as described below: will drain out and fluid under pressure, send the outlet of circulating pump pipe arrangement branch of liquid then from hold-up tank to superconducting power apparatus, and tell the part of liquefied gas from the pressure of hold-up tank, use gasifier to make the LNG gasifaction of branch, and then, via according to being used for the pressure-regulating valve that pressure that pressure with hold-up tank is maintained the pressure of regulation carries out on-off action, turn back to hold-up tank.
For effect of the present invention is described, to using the situation of liquid nitrogen to describe as liquefied gas.The boiling point of liquid nitrogen under atmospheric pressure (1.013MPa) is 77K.If this liquid nitrogen is pressurized to 0.3MPa, then the boiling point of liquid nitrogen reaches more than the 90K.Therefore, if the liquid nitrogen of 77K is pressurized to 0.3MPa, then liquid nitrogen becomes the supercooled state that does not have bubble to produce.Circulating pump get the bottom that liquid portion is in hold-up tank, link by pipe arrangement and circulating pump.
On the other hand, the pipe arrangement that circulation is returned is connected with hold-up tank, but the position of this pipe arrangement outlet is in the position that is lower than liquid level.The liquefied gas cooling superconducting power apparatus of being sent by circulating pump turns back to hold-up tank afterwards.At this moment,,, but move to the liquid nitrogen liquid taking port of circulating pump, circulate once more so the liquefied gas that returns does not contact with the pressurization gas phase of hold-up tank because pipe arrangement outlet is in the position that is lower than liquid level.
In the present invention, the liquid taking port specified altitude (20cm) that exceeds pipe arrangement outlet or circulating pump owing to the position that makes liquid level is above (promptly, be provided with the liquefaction gas-bearing formation of regulation), so for the cold excessively cold liquid nitrogen that lays respectively at the pipe arrangement mouth, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen above it is increased in turn towards liquid level, and the liquid-nitrogen temperature of liquid level portion becomes with the boiling temperature of the liquefied gas of 0.3MPa roughly the same.Therefore, the past, by in the congener gas pressurized hold-up tank time, produced gas liquefaction, have little time the problem that the supply gas build-up of pressure reduces, but by the current liquefaction gas-bearing formation that is provided with, clear and definite most of gas can not be liquefied.
In the present invention, as the method for pressurization, to also investigating again by the method beyond the method for gas bomb pressurization.With reference to Fig. 1 the method that the pressure by self among the present invention pressurizes is described.At first, drain out liquid nitrogen, send liquid by circulating pump then from the storage cistern inside that is in atmospheric pressure state (a point).In outlet of circulating pump, liquid nitrogen flows with 50L/min, and for inlet, liquid nitrogen is by 0.2MPa pressurization (b point).From outlet pipe arrangement branch and pressurized liquid nitrogen turns to gas, and turn back to hold-up tank in the time of will utilizing the pressure of export department by midway gasifier, the pressure of hold-up tank is risen.(arrow c).
Corresponding to this, outlet of circulating pump pressure also rises (arrow d), thereby can pressurize to hold-up tank all the time.If the pressure of hold-up tank surpasses upper limit setting pressure (P2) (e point), the valve that then is installed on the pipe arrangement cuts out, and stops to the hold-up tank supply gas.Afterwards, in storage cistern inside, the nitrogen of gas phase is by the refrigeration of the liquid nitrogen below the three phase point of nitrogen, thereby the liquefaction of nitrogen of gas phase becomes liquid nitrogen.The pressure of hold-up tank reduces (arrow f) and is equivalent to liquefy and the amount of the part that gas volume reduces.If reach lower limit set pressure (P1) (g point), then valve is opened, once more by the pressure of circulating-pump outlet to hold-up tank internal feed nitrogen, the pressure of pressurization hold-up tank.
Because the nitrogen of low temperature flows in pipe arrangement, thus pipe arrangement or valve are frozen, as the function of gasifier, in order to prevent that this situation is with the liquid nitrogen nitrogenize and be warmed up to room temperature.As gasifier, has following method: heating rod is wound up on the pipe arrangement, or pipe arrangement is passed in the water etc., also have the method that fin heats up by the heat exchange with outer gas is installed on pipe arrangement.In addition, function as valve has following effect: if just continue to send gas by the pipe arrangement from pump branch, then the pressure of hold-up tank continues to rise, might reach more than the design pressure of hold-up tank, if, then can become the pressurization that closed condition stops gas, if reach below the pressure of regulation so the pressure of hold-up tank reaches more than the pressure of regulation, then can become open mode, pressurization also automatically keeps certain pressure.
Have again, under the situation capacious of hold-up tank, owing to the pressure that is pressurized to regulation needs a large amount of nitrogen, thus need to prepare in addition the nitrogen gas bomb, thus the pressure of regulation also the exert pressure of hold-up tank can be arrived.In addition, the gas phase that also can and be used in the inside of hold-up tank partly disposes heaters such as heating rod, gas pressurized in the hold-up tank is expanded and the method for pressurizeing.
Below, by embodiment the present invention is illustrated in further detail.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the figure of an embodiment of the cooling system of explanation superconducting power apparatus of the present invention.Used liquid nitrogen as liquefied gas.Liquid nitrogen is stored in the hold-up tank 1.Hold-up tank 1 forms the double container structure, between double container, around the construction of inboard container 1b ground adiabatic material is arranged, and then is maintained vacuum state in order to reduce the heat conduction.In addition, hold-up tank is an airtight container, is used for internal pressurization.
Have the liquid taking port 3 that is connected to circulating pump in the bottom of hold-up tank, begin to be connected to the inlet of circulating pump 5 from here by the pipe arrangement 4 of the bore of diameter 3cm.Circulating pump 5 is rotary pumps of eddy current type.To be used to make between the motor 5a and fin of fin 5c rotation, in order suppressing, to connect by the axle 5b of the major axis of about 50cm because of conduction flows into heat.
In addition, fin itself is configured in the inner 5e of vacuum tank, suppresses the heat conduction that comes from the outside.Rotary pump of the present invention is the rotating speed of 50Hz, as the liquid nitrogen flow, can flow through the flow of 30L/min, and in addition, as the pressure differential of inlet with outlet, the discharge that can obtain 0.2MPa is pressed.Be connected to the heat exchanger 7 of the refrigerator of its front from pump discharge by the pipe arrangement 6 of diameter 3cm.
Refrigerator 8 is made of GM refrigerator or stirling cooler etc., and heat exchanger is connected with the coldhead of making cold, and the liquid nitrogen that circulates is cooled off low temperature.In the present invention, used the stirling cooler of the refrigerating capacity with 1kW, the heat exchanger of liquid nitrogen by being cooled off by refrigerator by making 30L/min can be cooled to 74k at the material that enters the mouth 77k.
Be connected with the inlet 10 of superconducting power apparatus by the liquid nitrogen of refrigerator cooling pipe arrangement 9 by diameter 3cm waterproofly.At the cooling system that is used for cooling off hyperconductive cable 11 of present embodiment, cool off hyperconductive cable thus by the liquid nitrogen of refrigerator refrigeration by circulation in hyperconductive cable.The liquid-nitrogen temperature that has cooled off hyperconductive cable rises, but since the temperature that rises below boiling point, so kept the supercooled state that does not produce bubble in the liquid nitrogen.Therefore, even the hyperconductive cable of 500m, the pressure loss also below 0.1MPa, thereby enough little, can stably flow through liquid nitrogen.
In addition, do not penetrated into the electric insulation layer of hyperconductive cable owing to produce the liquid nitrogen of bubble, so can keep good electric insulation.The liquid nitrogen that leaves the outlet 12 of hyperconductive cable turns back in the hold-up tank 1 by pipe arrangement 13, forms closed circuit thus.The heat exchanger 3 of hold-up tank 1, circulating pump 2, refrigerator, hyperconductive cable 4, and link the nitrogen pipe arrangement of these equipment, all construct in order to reduce the conduction heat that comes from the outside, form the double container that has used vacuum insulation.
Turn back to the pipe arrangement 13 of hold-up tank, promptly reach the pipe arrangement 14 of bottom, make liquid turn back to hold-up tank in the bottom of hold-up tank from exporting 15 from the top of hold-up tank.
In addition, also be positioned at the bottom of hold-up tank with the liquid taking port 3 of circulating pump binding.In circulation, the liquid nitrogen of hold-up tank with liquid level 2 be in exceed outlet 15 position at least the mode of the position more than the 20cm retained nitrogen.
Method by outlet of circulating pump exert pressure hold-up tank of the present invention is told from the pipe arrangement 16 of the stainless steel of the pipe arrangement 6 diameter 6mm of branch of pump discharge.The liquid nitrogen of the inside of process pipe arrangement 16 leaves after the vacuum tank of circulating pump, through gasifier 17, all becomes the nitrogen of normal temperature from liquid nitrogen.
As gasifier, in the present embodiment, 6mm pipe arrangement made of copper has used to curl and has been the structure of 6m coil shape in the inside of warm water container, is immersed in to make inner liquid nitrogen be in intensification in the warm water.As gasifier, beyond present embodiment, also can use for example at the outside of coil coiling heating rod, the method that heating heats up based on the energising heating rod, or fin is installed on pipe arrangement, by the method for heating with the heat exchange of atmosphere etc., all can so long as the liquid of inside can be converted into the method for the gas of room temperature.Leave on the pipe arrangement 18 of gasifier 17 valve 19 with pressure control function is installed, its following gas of pressure that makes outlet pressure reach regulation flows through, and stops the above gas of pressure that reaches regulation.The pipe arrangement 20 that leaves valve 19 is installed in the top of hold-up tank, and hold-up tank can pressurize.
Have again, so the pipe arrangement 18,20 that has passed through after the gasifier 17 is constructed because of at room temperature being made as thermal insulation especially, but the aspect that the pipe arrangement 16 from the circulating-pump outlet to the gasifier is surrounded by adiabatic material such as polyurethane foam plastics, for do not produce on the pipe arrangement 16 frost and attractive in appearance on comparatively suitable.Have again,, then go back the position of interchangeable valve 19 and gasifier 17, but the valve price that low temperature is used is higher than normal temperature usefulness, is not suitable configuration economically if valve 19 uses the low temperature valve of action down.Have again, as present embodiment, told the pipe arrangement 16 that pressure is told from the pipe arrangement 6 of pump discharge, but also can be from the pipe arrangement 9 of the outlet of the heat exchanger of refrigerator, tell from the inlet portion 10 of superconducting apparatus, so long as be higher than the part of the pressure of hold-up tank, no matter can reach purpose of the present invention from where telling all, be not only to represent near the delivery side of pump for pump discharge in this sense, but than delivery side of pump more by all general names in downstream.
In embodiment 1, the situation that circulating pump is in the outside of hold-up tank is illustrated, but is at circulating pump under the situation of inside of hold-up tank, also can implement the present invention.Fig. 3 is the part figure of another mode of the cooling system of expression superconducting power apparatus of the present invention.That is, Fig. 3 is that expression is extracted the figure of the hold-up tank portion in the cooling system out for present embodiment is described.The fin portions 5c that sends liquid in the circulating pump 5 is in the liquid of hold-up tank, is transmitted the rotation of motor 5a by major axis 5b.Liquid nitrogen drains out from hold-up tank, leaves hold-up tank through pipe arrangement 6, is connected to the refrigerator of cooling liquid nitrogen.
The pipe arrangement of pressurization usefulness is installed to the part of the pipe arrangement 6 that leaves hold-up tank in this case, turns back to hold-up tank through gasifier 17, valve 19 similarly to Example 1 afterwards.
In embodiment 1, as the pressing mechanism of hold-up tank, just based on mechanism from the gas of pump discharge.Under this situation, carefully to the basis of 6mm, pressure also has only discharge pressure portion at pipe arrangement, reduces so gas is supplied with also, and the pressure that reaches regulation needs the very long time.If particularly hold-up tank maximizes, then need tens of hours.Therefore, as shown in Figure 4,, outside pipe arrangement 21 is installed, on hold-up tank by the nitrogen gas bomb 22 or nitrogen grumeleuse (curdle) supply gas of high pressure as auxiliary body.In addition,, then cause promoting liquefaction, suppress liquefaction thus so also can partly dispose heating rod 23 in gas phase if the gas phase of hold-up tank inside is partly freezed to low temperature.
According to the present invention, the gas that can provide boiling point to be lower than the employed liquefied gas of pressurization dissolves in liquefied gas, can not cause fault, can under supercooled state, make the cooling system of the superconducting power apparatus that liquefied gas circulates for a long time at the insulation of the unstability factor of the circulation of liquefied gas or electric equipment.
Claims (4)
1. the cooling system of a superconducting power apparatus, the heat exchanger, and the closed circuit that circulates of the liquefied gas of supercooled state that possess the hold-up tank of storing liquefied gas, circulating pump, cooling fluid gasification, the liquefied gas cooling superconducting power apparatus that utilization circulates in described closed circuit, it is characterized in that
Possess pressing mechanism, this pressing mechanism is used with the congener gas of described liquefied gas described hold-up tank is pressurizeed,
Described hold-up tank is the airtight container of outlet of return line with liquefied gas of circulation,
The degree of depth+(adding) liquid level that dissolves in that the outlet of described return line is positioned at than the low at least gas-pressurized of liquid level of described hold-up tank moves the position of the bottom of revisal amount, and the described degree of depth of dissolving in is at least 20cm.
2. the cooling system of superconducting power apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Also possesses by the gas bomb that stores with high pressure with the congener gas of described liquefied gas the mechanism of pressurizeing with authorized pressure via pressure-regulating valve with the described pressing mechanism that hold-up tank is pressurizeed with the congener gas of liquefied gas.
3. the cooling system of superconducting power apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Possesses the described outlet of circulating pump of sending by hold-up tank from the liquefied gas of supercooled state with the described pressing mechanism that hold-up tank is pressurizeed with the congener gas of liquefied gas, be sent to superconducting power apparatus liquefied gas a part of branch and turn back to the pipe arrangement of hold-up tank and make the gasifier of LNG gasifaction and pressure is regulated the pressure-regulating valve of usefulness, described gasifier and pressure-regulating valve are located at this pipe arrangement.
4. the cooling system of superconducting power apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Also have the heating apparatus that the gas phase at described hold-up tank partly disposes, and make the gas superheat volumetric expansion of hold-up tank gas phase portion by described heating apparatus.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004189117A JP4728601B2 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2004-06-28 | Cooling system for superconducting power equipment |
| JP189117/2004 | 2004-06-28 | ||
| PCT/JP2005/010936 WO2006001203A1 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2005-06-15 | Cooling system for superconducting power apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1969158A CN1969158A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| CN1969158B true CN1969158B (en) | 2010-12-22 |
Family
ID=35779645
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005800196798A Active CN1969158B (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2005-06-15 | Cooling system for superconducting power apparatus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080202127A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1780482A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4728601B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101142901B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1969158B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006001203A1 (en) |
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| JP2008053215A (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-03-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Superconducting wire rod, superconductor, and superconductive cable |
| WO2008015941A1 (en) * | 2006-08-02 | 2008-02-07 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Composite superconducting wire rod, method for manufacturing composite superconducting wire rod, and superconducting cable |
| KR100920883B1 (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-10-09 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | Superconducting Cable to Improve Cooling Ability |
| US8280467B2 (en) | 2008-10-03 | 2012-10-02 | American Superconductor Corporation | Electricity transmission cooling system |
| KR101640607B1 (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2016-07-19 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | Cooling apparatus of superconduction cable line |
| DE102010028750B4 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2014-07-03 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Low-loss cryostat arrangement |
| DE102011002622A1 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling device for a superconductor and superconducting synchronous machine |
| CN103262179B (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2016-08-31 | 株式会社前川制作所 | superconducting cable cooling system |
| US20130090242A1 (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | Varian Semiconductor Equipment Associates, Inc. | Techniques for Sub-Cooling in a Superconducting System |
| JP6046341B2 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | 株式会社前川製作所 | Cooling device for superconducting power supply system |
| JP5916517B2 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2016-05-11 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Cooling container |
| JP5991096B2 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2016-09-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | Method and apparatus for heating superconducting equipment |
| CN102881381A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-16 | 张家港韩中深冷科技有限公司 | Superconducting cable cooling system |
| JP6048647B2 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-12-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Cooling system |
| KR101388510B1 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-04-23 | 전승채 | Auto flow path selector valve for cryogenic storage tank |
| WO2014104643A1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Jeon Seung Chae | System for liquefied gas storage tank having ultra-low temperature and automatic flow path conversion valve for liquefied gas storage tank having ultra-low temperature |
| KR101368379B1 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-02-28 | 전승채 | Cryogenic storage tank system and auto flow path selector valve therefor |
| JP6180735B2 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2017-08-16 | 株式会社前川製作所 | Cooling system and cooling method for superconducting device |
| JP6084547B2 (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | ジャパンスーパーコンダクタテクノロジー株式会社 | Cryostat |
| KR101569650B1 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2015-11-17 | 한국기계연구원 | Pressurization system using floating heater for cryogenic pressure vessel |
| JP2016217616A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社 フジヒラ | Cryogenic temperature cooling device |
| KR102337181B1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2021-12-09 | 한국전력공사 | Cooling system for superconducting machine |
| CN105402971B (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2018-06-08 | 上海应用技术学院 | A kind of directional freezing device using liquid nitrogen |
| US10670189B2 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-06-02 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for storing and distributing gases |
| CN114111082A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-03-01 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Supercooled liquid nitrogen circulating system based on GM refrigerator |
| US20230295771A1 (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-21 | Chengdu University Of Technology | Waste mercury recovery device |
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- 2005-06-15 US US11/630,889 patent/US20080202127A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-15 KR KR1020067019841A patent/KR101142901B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-06-15 EP EP05751512A patent/EP1780482A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-15 CN CN2005800196798A patent/CN1969158B/en active Active
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| JP2001289546A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-19 | Taiyo Toyo Sanso Co Ltd | Superconducting member cooling device |
| CN1459606A (en) * | 2002-05-20 | 2003-12-03 | 东海旅客铁道株式会社 | Ultra-low temp refrigerating device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1780482A4 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
| JP4728601B2 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
| EP1780482A1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| CN1969158A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| KR20070036027A (en) | 2007-04-02 |
| KR101142901B1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| JP2006012654A (en) | 2006-01-12 |
| WO2006001203A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| US20080202127A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
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Effective date of registration: 20140729 Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee after: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Address before: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee before: Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Central Research Institute of electric power |