CN1966975A - Small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system and use thereof - Google Patents
Small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It relates to a miniature wind super capacitor and its application. Using low resistance and high capacity feature of the super capacity of instant power type, it accumulates into big energy and combines with secondary battery and energy release super capacitor to reserve power. It proposes two different ways of energy consumption for varied loading, and also the secondary energy accumulation framework. It applies three energy operation styles: single, interconnection and multi source generating. It can be used for LED traffic warning signals, LED night lighting, meteorological monitoring device and many other devices.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system and uses thereof, and breaking through in the past only can be in the limitation of big wind-power electricity generation, and it relates to the wind-power electricity generation and the super capacitor energy-storage of little wind speed
Technical field.
Background technique
Tool economic value is wind-power electricity generation in all renewable sources of energy, secondly for being solar energy.The advantage of wind-power electricity generation is that (1) wind-force is the clean renewable sources of energy, and the no carbon dioxide greenhouse gases of no any fuel contamination (2) produces short (4) installation scale of (3) construction period, and (5) reliability height (6) cost low (7) operation maintenance is simple flexibly.In the strong and stable area of wind-force, wind-power electricity generation approximately is 0.04 ~ 0.06 dollar every kilowatt-hour, and coal, rock gas and nuclear energy power plant be more or less the same (between 0.03 ~ 0.10 dollar every kilowatt-hour), but pollution-free fully.Especially after the protocol of Tokyo, various countries make wind-power electricity generation become the most important mode of the energy to the attention of greenhouse gases.
Wind-driven generator is to utilize wind energy conversion system that wind energy is converted to mechanical energy, again mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, according to present technology, the gentle breeze speed that per second is about 3 meters, just can begin generating.Wind power generating set can be divided into small-sized, medium-sized, and large-scale three classes according to generated output, small-sized wind power generator is commonly defined as generated energy and is lower than 10KW person, below the about 7m of its blade radius, because this type blower fan generated energy is low, therefore except civil power is provided, also can be exchanged into direct current, with battery stores.Generated energy reaches at 10KW to 100KW, and the person is medium-sized, and it is large-scale surpassing 100KW person, and its blade diameter surpasses 100m, and the pylon height also surpasses 100m.
Known wind-power electricity generation skill is stated at present, though gradually ripe.But exist many scarce limit and restriction:
(1) little wind-force can't utilize: though at present wind-driven generator in theory 3m/s wind-force can generate electricity, owing to the wind-force unit is designed to ask economic generating efficiency, startup is to utilize about 4~6m/s for general little wind-force.
(2) the generality deficiency is set: wind-power electricity generation mostly concentrates between beach or the mountain valley for asking large wind.It is provided with the generality deficiency, and geographical narrow limitation is big.
(3) small size wind-driven generator electric energy produces few: several meters easily of general power-driven generator leaf sizes are not suitable for little power equipment.And the wind-driven generator of minification can only produce little electric power, unfavorable power equipment operation.
(4) microminiature power wind-power electricity generation does not have accumulator: the small-power wind-power electricity generation is minimum at present all tens of watts (w), but size is still too big.Its generated energy of microminiature power wind-power electricity generation is little, and existing chargeable cell internal resistance is excessive, is difficult to store little electric energy, causes and has no way of utilizing.
Because above-mentioned disappearance must be sought micropower wind-driven generator energy storage mechanism, could use little wind-force electric energy.The present invention discloses a kind of energy storage mechanism of wind-force low-power energy just, and key is to insert the storage of a kind of instantaneous power type ultracapacitor as little electric energy in it, solves the storage problem of for a long time little wind-force electric energy.Utilize instantaneous power type ultracapacitor as boost energy accumulator more in addition, little electric energy originally is transformed into the electric energy of high voltage and high electric current, drive various loads.At last, this application system can be formed the combined power generation source by various power sources in parallel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the low-power wind-power generating system of little wind-force, propose a kind of small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system, utilize the little electric energy accumulation of little wind-force to drive load.The instantaneous power type ultracapacitor that comprises a kind of low internal resistance in it is as little energy storage and accumulator.Summary of the invention comprises three kinds of energy storage modes, two kinds of utilization of power modes and three kinds of electric energy How It Works.
Ultracapacitor is the third accumulator after relay pond and the capacitor, because the little electric energy of little wind-force is difficult to charge into the capacitor of high resistance cells or low-voltage capacity.Therefore, ultracapacitor becomes the important key of head it off.
Super capacitor is divided into two kinds on energy release type and instantaneous power type, and the former characteristic tends is to battery, and based on stored energy, its commodity are called ultracapacitor, double-layer capacitor, gold capacitor or high capacity capacitor.Owing to be the physics energy storage, its working life and reliability are more than the next height of the battery of chemical reaction, and its Capacity often is that farad is to thousands of farads.The latter then can provide great power based on moment, and its trade name is as " quickflashing electrochemical capacitance " etc.Property class is like capacitor, and the power characteristic of tool instantaneous burst, its Capacity often are millifarad (mF) or farad (F).The internal resistance of these electrochemical capacitances is all little than battery, and Capacity is well suited for the energy storage component as the low-power wind-power generating system of little wind-force all greater than general ceramic condenser and alminium electrolytic condenser.
Little wind-force is meant wind speed about 3~12m/sec, is the electric power that gentle breeze or the small-sized wind power generator bigger than gentle breeze provide haply.General air conditioner exhaust outlet is 7.8m/sec, the about 3.8m/sec of electric fan (1 speed) wind speed.When wind-force hour, be little and difficult utilization through the electric energy of propeller generator generation.For example the micro wind turbine generator of Taiwan patent M287874 is the most small wind-driven generator in the whole world, and its generating is about 0.15W, (2.4V, 70mA).Can't use with general battery energy storage device, its biggest factor is that the internal resistance that discharges and recharges is excessive at all, the electric energy of its generation in charge and discharge process all with heat leakage.
Above-mentioned windmill can generate electricity more than wind speed 3m/sec, with the GuangZhou, China annual mean wind speed greater than 3m/sec, or in the snow mountain tunnel, Taiwan air draft speed greater than 4m/sec.Though this wind speed has electric energy to take place down, suffers from not having suitable accumulator and stores, and can't utilize very unfortunate.Now use the instantaneous power type ultracapacitor just can be with little electrical power storage.
For reaching three kinds of energy storage mode purposes of above-mentioned small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system, can see through following mode and realize:
(1) first kind of energy storage mode:
One small-sized wind power generator: be that wind-force changes electric energy equipment, can be transformed into the wind of little wind-force little electric energy power type super capacitor in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, can be with little electrical power storage and low-yield consume drives load at last.
One load: LED and various lamp and mechanical load
(2) second kinds of energy storage modes:
One small-sized wind power generator: for wind-force changes electric energy equipment, the wind of little wind-force can be transformed into little electric energy power type super capacitor in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, can and be accumulated as big electric energy with little electrical power storage, charge into secondary cell again or drive load.
One secondary cell: be main electric energy accumulator, the high stored energy capacitance of tool drives various loads.
One load: LED and various lamp and mechanical load.
(3) the third energy storage mode:
One small-sized wind power generator: for wind-force changes electric energy equipment, the wind of little wind-force can be transformed into little electric energy power type super capacitor in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, can and be accumulated as big electric energy with little electrical power storage, charge into the electrochemical capacitance of energy release type again or drive load.
The electrochemical capacitance of one energy release type is to be main electric energy accumulator, and the high stored energy capacitance of tool drives load.
One load: LED and various lamp and mechanical load.
Above-mentioned for reaching [small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system " two kinds of utilization of power mode purposes, can see through following mode and realize:
(1) first kind of utilization of power mode
One small-sized wind power generator
Power-type electrochemical capacitance in a flash
The electrochemical capacitance of one secondary cell or energy release type
One load
LED or machinery with energy accumulation drive ratio electrochemical capacitance or secondary cell low voltage.
(2) second kinds of utilization of power modes:
One small-sized wind power generator;
Power-type electrochemical capacitance in a flash;
The electrochemical capacitance of one secondary cell or energy release type;
One boost converter;
The electrochemical capacitance of one energy twice accumulation;
One load.
Electrochemical capacitance or secondary cell energy accumulation are stored to the former electrochemical capacitance of electrochemical capacitance drive ratio of energy twice accumulation or the LED or the machinery of secondary cell high voltage through boosting.
Described small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system can adopt following three kinds of electric energy function modes:
(1) use separately [small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system " as power source;
(2) incorporate general wind-power generating system into, little wind-force switch to [small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system " produce electric power;
(3) as one of multi-source electric power system, as in conjunction with solar energy, flywheel or other renewable sources of energy.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. the electric energy of the wind-powered electricity generation conversion of gentle breeze generation can be applied through the native system storage.
2. the microminaturization wind-driven generator obtains stored energy application, can make the wind-power electricity generation miniaturization, variation and elasticizing.The wind-power electricity generation product enters living electric apparatus, but not only large-scale power generation application.
3. the wind-power electricity generation product is got rid of geographic restriction.
4. the present invention can change into the little electric energy of wind-force the macro-energy use.
But the present invention's application is as follows:
Wind-force LED Traffic alarm light, the illumination of wind-force LED night-light, meteorological watch-dog, detecting instrument electric power, signal transmission, individual desalinator for seawater, emergency transmitter, location transmitter, little electric machinery and discontinuous electromechanical equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is electrochemical capacitance energy storage component charging behavior voltage time figure;
Fig. 2 is first kind of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system structural drawing;
Fig. 3 is second kind of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system structural drawing;
Fig. 4 is the third small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system structural drawing;
Fig. 5 is the mode of utilizing of first kind of electric energy of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system;
Fig. 6 is the mode of utilizing of second kind of electric energy of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system;
Fig. 7~Fig. 9 is three kinds of application modes of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, be to use small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system electrochemical capacitance energy storage component charging behavior voltage time figure of the present invention.Electrochemical capacitance is accepted the electric energy charging, at first must overcome internal resistance and could accept power source charges.Wherein V1=I * ESR promptly be electrochemical capacitance for overcoming the internal resistance required voltage, I is an electric current, ESR is internal resistance.
With the most small wind-driven generator in the above-mentioned whole world.Its 0.15W that generates electricity, (2.4V, 70mA) little because of the voltage and the electric current of little its generating of size, then overcoming the loss of voltage that internal resistance just makes generating totally if the electrochemical capacitance internal resistance is excessive.So it is very important selecting the electrochemical capacitance of low internal resistance, wherein hinder within the instantaneous power type electrochemical capacitance and the specific energy release type low a lot of, so be first-selection of the present invention.
With the instantaneous power type electrochemical capacitance of the similar size of instantaneous power type electrochemical capacitance of Japan three tame energy release type electrochemical capacitances and Taiwan Hai Te science and technology, all up to 47 and 60mF, voltage also has 5 ~ 6V to the Capacity of four electrochemical capacitances.Wherein the internal resistance of the electrochemical capacitance of Taiwan Hai Te science and technology only has 130m Ω, and is very low.When energy storage and output, energy loss is extremely slight.
Four electrochemical capacitances are made and are overcome internal resistance voltage and be respectively V=I * ESR=70mA * ESR=2.1V, 3.5V, and 8.4V, 0.0091V, former three voltage early to surpass the voltage that is produced, can't more leisure opinion of energy storage export at all.The instantaneous power 1912 type electrochemical capacitances of Taiwan Hai Te science and technology, voltage only is declined by less than 0.1V, energy storage easily.The present invention just is to use instantaneous power type electrochemical capacitance as energy-storage capacitor, can be with little electrical power storage, add up and use.
Company | Model | Specification | Internal resistance | |
1 | Panasonic | EECF5R5U474 (NF series) energy release type | 5.5V, 47mF | ESR>30Ω |
2 | NEC/Tokin | FCOH473ZTBR24 energy release type | 5.5V, 47mF | ESR= |
3 | Elna | DX-5R5 473 energy release types | 5.5V, 47mF | ESR=120Ω |
4 | Hiteck (Taiwan Hai Te) | 1912 instantaneous power types | 6V,60mF | ESR=130mΩ |
As Fig. 2, first kind of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system mode of execution of the present invention comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator 1:, the wind of little wind-force can be transformed into little electric energy for wind-force changes electric energy equipment.
The power type super capacitor 2 in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, and can be with little electrical power storage and low-yield consume drives load at last.
One load 3: can be wind-force LED Traffic alarm light, the illumination of wind-force LED night-light, meteorological watch-dog, detecting instrument electric power, signal transmission, individual desalinator for seawater, emergency transmitter, location transmitter, other little electric machinery and discontinuous electromechanical equipment.
Its working procedure is that the electric energy that small-sized wind power generator 1 is produced is stored up into low internal resistance power-type electrochemical capacitance 2, drives load 3 with this energy storage at last.As non-low internal resistance power-type electrochemical capacitance 2, use the electrochemical capacitance of the battery of high internal resistance or energy release type can't energy storage, reach the low-loss requirement of electric energy.
As Fig. 3, second kind of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system mode of execution of the present invention comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator 1: for wind-force changes electric energy equipment, the wind of little wind-force can be transformed into little electric energy power type super capacitor 2 in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, can and be accumulated as big electric energy with little electrical power storage, charge into secondary cell again or drive load.
One secondary cell 4: be main electric energy accumulator, the high stored energy capacitance of tool drives various loads.
One load 3: can be wind-force LED Traffic alarm light, the illumination of wind-force LED night-light, meteorological watch-dog, detecting instrument electric power, signal transmission, individual desalinator for seawater, emergency transmitter, location transmitter, other little electric machinery and discontinuous electromechanical equipment.
Its working procedure is that the electric energy that wind-driven generator 1 is produced is stored up into low internal resistance power-type electrochemical capacitance 2.Be accumulated as big electric energy, in the secondary cell 4 of restoring.When treating that load 3 needs to drive, can be by secondary cell 4 supplying energies.Secondary cell comprises chargeable celies such as Ni-MH battery, lithium cell and lead-acid battery.In addition, secondary rechargeable battery must be with little energy charging, to relax the battery material reaction thereby to cause energy loss when completely filling.The present invention can be by power-type electrochemical capacitance 2 direct offered load 5, so the chargeable cell Capacity design can obtain to reduce.And because of the driving load of secondary rechargeable battery, cell voltage can reduce gradually and be lower than load driving voltage at last and lost efficacy.Can use secondary rechargeable battery 4 and the 2 driving loads in parallel of power-type electrochemical capacitance this moment.This circuit power type electrochemical capacitance 2 is not only as energy accumulators, also as second accumulator that discharges.
As Fig. 4, the third small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system mode of execution of the present invention comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator 1:, the wind of little wind-force can be transformed into little electric energy for wind-force changes electric energy equipment.
The power type super capacitor 2 in a flash: the power-type accumulator of low internal resistance, can and be accumulated as big electric energy with little electrical power storage, and charge into the electrochemical capacitance of energy release type again or drive load.
The electrochemical capacitance 5 of one energy release type: be to be main electric energy accumulator, the high stored energy capacitance of tool drives load.
One load 3: can be wind-force LED Traffic alarm light, the illumination of wind-force LED night-light, meteorological watch-dog, detecting instrument electric power, signal transmission, individual desalinator for seawater, emergency transmitter, location transmitter, other little electric machinery and discontinuous electromechanical equipment.
Its working procedure is that the electric energy that wind-driven generator 1 is produced is stored up into low internal resistance power-type electrochemical capacitance 2.Be accumulated as big electric energy, the energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5 of restoring.When treating that load 3 needs to drive, can be by energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5 supplying energies.Energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5 is as the main power supply or first power supply of native system, but capacity energy storage and long period driving load greatly.Because 5 internal resistances of energy release type electrochemical capacitance are lower than chargeable cell, so energy efficiency is far above charging battery system.
As Fig. 5, the mode mode of execution that utilizes of first kind of electric energy of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system of the present invention comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator 1;
The power-type electrochemical capacitance 2 in a flash;
The electrochemical capacitance 5 of one secondary cell or energy release type;
One load 3.
Electric energy is to present with voltage and current system in the circuit, and driving voltage must be higher than load presses, and could do work.According to the mode of utilizing of first kind of this kenel electric energy of this creation invention, under little wind-force, its voltage of electric energy that wind-driven generator 1 is produced often only has 2~3V less than 12V.Power-type electrochemical capacitance 2 tank voltage are slightly less than wind-driven generator voltage, and its energy accumulation only can drive the load 3 of low voltage, as LED or machinery, can light flicker gold-tinted, ruddiness or green light LED lamp as the caution purposes.Also can be through second and the secondary rechargeable battery 4 or the energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5 of three kind of energy storage method.
As Fig. 6, the mode mode of execution that utilizes of first kind of electric energy of small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system of the present invention comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator 1;
The power-type electrochemical capacitance 2 in a flash;
The electrochemical capacitance 5 of one secondary cell 4 or energy release type;
One boost converter 6;
The electrochemical capacitance 7 of one energy twice accumulation, and
One load 3.
Little wind-driven generator 1 is produced low voltage, after power-type electrochemical capacitance 2, secondary rechargeable battery 4 or energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5 are accumulated energy storage, improve voltage, connect another electrochemical capacitance 7 again electric current is increased, drive load 3 thereafter through boost converter 6.
Under little wind-force, wind-driven generator 1 produces low voltage, will remove to drive the dynamic power machine of high voltage through power-type electrochemical capacitance 2, secondary rechargeable battery 4 or energy release type electrochemical capacitance 5, as white light high-capacity LED or signal transmitter, can't operate.Obtaining high voltage so must boost could operate, but it is fainter again electrorheological to be got after often boosting, and is difficult to utilization.Second kind of this kenel electric energy according to the present invention utilize mode, but just head it off.
As Fig. 7~Fig. 9, small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system of the present invention can adopt following three kinds of function modes:
(1) use separately, as power source (referring to Fig. 7):
Be with small wind electrochemical capacitance energy-storage system 8, under little wind-force, drive load 3 separately.Other energy-storage system can't store electrical energy all because of internal resistance is too big at this moment.
(2) incorporate general wind-power generating system (referring to Fig. 8) into:
It is the wind-force electric energy converting system of combined type.When wind speed is big, adopt 10 energy storage of large scale wind system; The wind speed RPH then switches to small wind electrochemical capacitance energy-storage system 9, can or merge by large scale wind system 10 or small wind electrochemical capacitance energy-storage system 9 single driving to drive when need drive load 3.
(3) as one of multi-source electric power system (referring to Fig. 7):
Be multi-source formula energy system, small wind electrochemical capacitance energy-storage system 8 solar energy systems 11 in parallel and fly wheel system 12 energy storage, but single driving or merging drive load 3.
The present invention can be applicable to wind-force LED Traffic alarm light, the illumination of wind-force LED night-light, meteorological watch-dog, detecting instrument electric power, signal transmission, individual desalinator for seawater, emergency transmitter, location transmitter, little electric machinery and discontinuous electromechanical equipment.
Claims (7)
1. a small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system is characterized in that, comprises:
One small-sized wind power generator: be used for the wind of little wind-force is transformed into little electric energy;
Power type super capacitor in a flash: be the power-type accumulator of low-yield consume and low internal resistance, be used to store the little electric energy that described small-sized wind power generator produces, and drive load at last.
2. small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is connected with secondary cell or/and the electrochemical capacitance of energy release type between described instantaneous power type ultracapacitor and load.
3. small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, at described instantaneous power type ultracapacitor, secondary cell or/and be connected with the electrochemical capacitance of boost converter and energy twice accumulation between the electrochemical capacitance of energy release type and the load in turn.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage systems, it is characterized in that, described instantaneous power type ultracapacitor comprises having low internal resistance, high-capacitance, high power, discharge and recharge the fast ruthenium-oxide electrochemical capacitance of reaction velocity or other metallic oxide electric capacity, also comprises the aluminium electrolytic capacitor of carbon electric capacity, High-Polymer Capacitance, mixed electrode (asymmetric) electric capacity, gold capacitor and high capacitance.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage systems, it is characterized in that described secondary cell comprises rechargeable batteries such as NI-G, ni-mh, lithium ion, lithium macromolecule or lead-acid battery.
6. according to claim 3 or 4 described small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage systems, it is characterized in that the electrochemical capacitance of described energy twice accumulation comprises the aluminium electrolytic capacitor of super capacitor, metallic oxide electric capacity, carbon electric capacity and the high capacitance of various high-energy-densities and high power density.Three kinds of energy storage mode usage mode are characterised in that and comprise:
(1) energy drives is than the LED or the machinery of electrochemical capacitance or secondary cell low voltage.
(2) electrochemical capacitance or secondary cell energy accumulation are stored to the former electrochemical capacitance of electrochemical capacitance drive ratio of energy twice accumulation or the LED or the machinery of secondary cell high voltage through boosting.
7. the application mode of any one described small-sized wind-driven supercapacitor power storage system of claim 1~6 is characterized in that, comprises:
(1) use " small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system " as power source separately;
(2) incorporate general wind-power generating system into, little wind-force switches to " small wind super capacitor energy-storage application system " and produces electric power;
(3) as one of multi-source electric power system power source.
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WO2009138013A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Qi Jiantong | A storage and application device for high-performance wind power generation |
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WO2009138013A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Qi Jiantong | A storage and application device for high-performance wind power generation |
CN101988477A (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-03-23 | 通用电气公司 | Communicating energy storages with different functions |
CN101988477B (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2014-10-15 | 通用电气公司 | Communicating energy storages with different functions |
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US9362745B2 (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2016-06-07 | Delta Electronics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Power storage module and power storage device |
RU2692866C1 (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-06-28 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский горный университет" | Self-contained power supply device |
CN113572268A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-10-29 | 广东易百珑智能科技有限公司 | Charge transfer device and charge transfer method |
RU2799494C1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-07-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военно-космическая академия имени А.Ф. Можайского" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Energy storage device |
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