CN113922397A - Hybrid energy storage system and method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation - Google Patents

Hybrid energy storage system and method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation Download PDF

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CN113922397A
CN113922397A CN202111192533.0A CN202111192533A CN113922397A CN 113922397 A CN113922397 A CN 113922397A CN 202111192533 A CN202111192533 A CN 202111192533A CN 113922397 A CN113922397 A CN 113922397A
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power generation
energy
direct current
hydrogen
wind
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郑少雄
杨可
何欣欣
薛志恒
孟勇
赵杰
张朋飞
王伟锋
赵永坚
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage system and a hybrid energy storage method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation, wherein the hybrid energy storage system comprises wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and hydroelectric power generation; the wind power generation and the hydraulic power generation generate alternating current, and when the alternating current is merged into a direct current bus, an AC/DC rectifier is added to convert the alternating current into direct current; the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation is direct current, and when the electric energy is merged into a direct current bus, the same voltage is merged into a power grid, and a DC/DC converter is added; when the electric energy on the direct current bus is transmitted to an electric load, a DC/AC inverter is added to convert the direct current into the alternating current. The invention can improve the utilization rate of the distributed energy, reduce the influence of the intermittence of new energy power generation such as wind, light, water and the like on the operation of a power grid, and improve the power supply quality and reliability of the distributed energy.

Description

Hybrid energy storage system and method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distributed energy hybrid energy storage, and particularly relates to a hybrid energy storage system and method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation.
Background
The distributed power generation can fully utilize novel renewable energy sources, and is an important measure for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction in China. When the distributed energy is connected to the grid, the frequency of the power grid fluctuates due to randomness and indirection of wind energy and light energy, a large amount of electronic equipment is used for large-scale grid connection of the distributed energy, harmonic pollution is caused, the load impact of the power grid is large, and the performance quality of the power grid is deteriorated.
Common energy storage modes include electrochemical energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting energy storage, pumped water energy storage, flywheel energy storage and the like. These energy storage methods all have differences in energy conversion efficiency, energy storage capacity, response time, power density, energy density, lifetime, and the like. If the distributed energy storage is divided according to the external characteristics of energy storage and release, the distributed energy storage is divided into a power type and an energy type. The former is suitable for occasions with higher power requirements in a short time and is applied to occasions with improved electric energy quality and rapid power support; the latter is suitable for occasions with higher energy requirements and can provide long-time energy support. The power type energy storage technology has the characteristics of high response speed and high power density, and comprises a super capacitor, superconducting energy storage, flywheel energy storage and the like. The energy type energy storage technology has high energy density and long charging and discharging time, such as compressed air energy storage, sodium-sulfur batteries, lead-acid storage batteries, lithium batteries and the like. The reasonable energy storage technology can not only improve the stability of the power supply system, but also reduce the input cost of the system and improve the stability of renewable energy. With the development of energy storage technology, the cost of energy storage is gradually reduced, and the capacity is larger and larger. For example, the storage battery is a relatively weak link along with energy conversion in an energy storage system, the service life of the storage battery directly influences the total cost of the system, if the storage battery cannot reach the expected service life, the storage battery enters an anchoring state in advance, and the current mainstream storage batteries include open storage batteries, valve-controlled lead-acid storage batteries, nickel-calcium, nickel-hydrogen, cadmium-nickel, lithium batteries and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hybrid energy storage system and a hybrid energy storage method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation, which can improve the utilization rate of distributed energy, reduce the influence of the intermittency of wind, light, water and other new energy power generation on the operation of a power grid, and improve the power supply quality and reliability of the distributed energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation comprises wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and hydroelectric power generation;
the wind power generation and the hydraulic power generation generate alternating current, and when the alternating current is merged into a direct current bus, an AC/DC rectifier is added to convert the alternating current into direct current;
the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation is direct current, and when the electric energy is merged into a direct current bus, the same voltage is merged into a power grid, and a DC/DC converter is added;
when the electric energy on the direct current bus is transmitted to an electric load, a DC/AC inverter is needed to convert direct current into alternating current;
the micro gas turbine is connected with an AC/DC rectifier, the generated alternating current is converted into direct current, the inlet air of the micro gas turbine is mixed by natural gas and hydrogen and is combusted in a combustion chamber, high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands in a turbine to do work, and a generator is driven by a rotor to be converted into electric energy;
the DC/DC converter connected to the DC bus generates hydrogen by electrolyzing the rectified electric energy with water, the hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, the generated oxygen is stored in the oxygen storage tank, and the hydrogen enters the micro gas turbine to be converted into electric energy when needed;
the output ends of the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are connected with a fuel cell, the fuel cell adopts a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the fuel cell is used for supplying electric energy to a direct current bus when the power supply is insufficient due to large electric load;
the super capacitor, the storage battery, the fuel cell and the electric load are connected through a DC/AC inverter and used for converting direct current of the energy storage device into alternating current.
A use method of a hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation comprises the following steps;
when the power load is lower than the power supply of the direct current bus, the voltage on the direct current bus can be increased, redundant electric energy can be stored in the super capacitor and the lead-acid storage battery firstly, when the capacity upper limit of the lead-acid storage battery and the super capacitor is reached, the redundant electric energy is used for electrolyzing water and used for producing hydrogen and oxygen, the produced hydrogen and oxygen are stored in a hydrogen tank and an oxygen tank respectively, the hydrogen can be used for generating electricity by a fuel cell and can also be used for fuel hydrogen-doped combustion of a gas turbine, and the cleanness of energy sources is realized;
when the power load is higher than the power supply of the direct current bus, the hybrid energy storage device provides electric energy, the storage battery, the super capacitor and the fuel cell release the electric energy, the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the DC/AC inverter, the electric energy is provided for the power load, a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas is arranged at the inlet of the gas turbine and is mixed and combusted with air in the combustion chamber, high-temperature gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the generated electric energy is converted into direct current through the AC/DC rectifier, a power-controllable power generation system is provided for the distributed energy power generation system by controlling the power generation power of the gas turbine, the influence of the volatility and the intermittence of distributed energy sources such as wind, light and water on the power supply system is eliminated, and the stability of the distributed energy power generation system is maintained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a distributed energy power generation system based on a hybrid energy storage device, and the distributed energy power generation system based on wind, light, water and the like has intermittency and volatility, so that the problem is solved. When the power load is lower than the power supply of the direct current bus, the voltage on the direct current bus can be increased, at the moment, redundant electric energy can be stored in the super capacitor and the lead-acid storage battery firstly, when the capacity upper limit of the lead-acid storage battery and the super capacitor is reached, the redundant electric energy is used for electrolyzing water to generate hydrogen and oxygen which are respectively stored in a hydrogen tank and an oxygen tank, the hydrogen can be used for generating electricity by a fuel cell, and can also be used for fuel hydrogen-doped combustion of a gas turbine to realize the cleanness of energy; when the power load is higher than the power supply of the direct current bus, the hybrid energy storage device provides electric energy, hydrogen in the hydrogen tank provides fuel for the fuel cell and the micro gas turbine, and the micro gas turbine is used as a power-controllable power generation system, so that the stability of the distributed energy power generation system is maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a distributed energy storage device power generation system.
Fig. 2 is a simplified model of a fuel cell.
Fig. 3 is a fuel cell equivalent circuit model.
Fig. 4 is a battery equivalent circuit model.
FIG. 5 is a simplified model of a super capacitor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a power-controllable distributed energy hybrid energy storage power generation system, which can solve the problems of fluctuation and intermittence of new energy power generation such as wind, light, water and the like, fully exerts the advantages of various energy storage technologies, provides a power-controllable gas turbine hydrogen-doped power generation mode for distributed energy, and realizes the adjustment of voltage stability on a direct current bus by quickly changing the working capacity.
Referring to fig. 1, the figure is a power generation system of a distributed energy storage device, which comprises wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, hydroelectric power generation, an AC/DC rectifier, a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC inverter, a direct current bus, a super capacitor, a storage battery, a fuel cell, a micro gas turbine and an electric load. The wind power generation and the hydraulic power generation generate alternating current, and when the alternating current is merged into a direct current bus, an AC/DC rectifier is required to be added to convert the alternating current into direct current; the electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation is direct current, and when the electric energy is merged into a direct current bus, the same voltage is guaranteed to be merged into a power grid, so that a DC/DC converter is added, and when the electric energy on the direct current bus is transmitted to an electric load, a DC/AC inverter is required to be adopted, so that the direct current is converted into alternating current. When the power load is lower than the power supply of the direct current bus, the voltage on the direct current bus can be increased, redundant electric energy can be stored in the super capacitor and the lead-acid storage battery firstly, when the capacity upper limit of the lead-acid storage battery and the super capacitor is reached, the redundant electric energy is used for electrolyzing water and used for producing hydrogen and oxygen, the produced hydrogen and oxygen are respectively stored in a hydrogen tank and an oxygen tank, the hydrogen can be used for generating electricity by a fuel cell and can also be used for fuel hydrogen-doped combustion of a gas turbine, and the cleanness of energy sources is realized; when the power load is higher than the power supply of the direct current bus, the hybrid energy storage device provides electric energy, the storage battery, the super capacitor and the fuel cell release the electric energy, the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the DC/AC inverter, the electric energy is provided for the power load, besides, the inlet of the gas turbine is a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas, the mixture is mixed and combusted with air in the combustion chamber, high-temperature gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the generator is driven to generate alternating current, and when the high-temperature gas is merged into a direct current power grid, an AC/DC rectifier is needed to be adopted to convert the alternating current into the direct current and send the direct current power grid. The power generation system with controllable power is provided for the distributed energy power generation system by controlling the power generation power of the gas turbine, the stability of direct-current bus voltage is maintained, the influence of the volatility and the intermittence of distributed energy such as wind, light and water on a power supply system is eliminated, and the stability of the distributed energy power generation system is maintained.
The wind power generation is a pollution-free, renewable and widely distributed natural resource, the wind power generation has obvious periodicity and volatility, the fan mainly comprises a frame, a wind wheel, a cabin and the like, the power contained in the wind energy is in direct proportion to the third power of the wind speed, the installation position, the installation height and the installation angle of the fan are all suitable, the function of the wind power resource can be exerted to the maximum extent, the current output by the wind power generation is alternating current, is converted into direct current under the action of an AC/DC rectifier and is transmitted to a direct current bus;
the hydraulic power generation system mainly comprises a pressure water conduit, a water turbine generator set and an auxiliary system, when water flows through the water turbine generator, the water is converted into mechanical energy, a rotating shaft of the water turbine drives a rotor of the generator, and the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy to be output.
The photovoltaic power generation utilizes the photovoltaic effect generated when a semiconductor material receives illumination, the photovoltaic power generation of solar energy is actually generated by utilizing a plurality of PN structures, under the sunlight, partial light collides with valence electrons of a plurality of PN junctions in the form of photons to generate electrons and holes, and the electrons and the holes respectively move to an N area and a P area of a metal wire, so that when a closed loop is formed, electric energy can be generated.
According to the micro gas turbine hydrogen-doped power generation system, the inlet air of the micro gas turbine is mixed by natural gas and hydrogen and is combusted in the combustion chamber, high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands in the turbine to do work, and the rotor drives the generator to convert the high-temperature and high-pressure gas into electric energy. The micro gas turbine is added into the distributed energy power generation system, on one hand, the power-controllable power generation system is added into the distributed energy power generation system, which is beneficial to maintaining the stability of direct current bus current and voltage; on the other hand, when the direct current bus has excessive electric energy, hydrogen is generated by electrolysis in a water electrolysis mode and is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, and when needed, the hydrogen enters the micro gas turbine to be converted into electric energy.
Referring to fig. 2, the simplified model of a fuel cell and electrolyzed water is shown, the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the electrolyte is made of very thin plastic, the power/mass ratio is high, the requirement on the working temperature is not high, the fuel cell loses electrons in hydrogen on the anode, oxygen and hydrogen ions on the cathode generate water, when the power load is higher than the power supply of a direct current bus, the fuel cell generates direct current, and the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through a DC/AC inverter to supply power to the power load. Wherein the reactions occurring at the cathode and anode of the fuel cell are as follows:
anode: h2→2H++2e-
Cathode:
Figure BDA0003301747380000071
referring to fig. 3, which is a fuel cell equivalent circuit, an equivalent circuit model of a fuel cell is sufficiently combined with electrochemical theory to express the fuel cell overvoltage loss in the form of circuit elements, EnemstIs a reversible open circuit voltage, and may be referred to as a "Nernst voltage". Using equivalent capacitance C in fuel cell modelingdFor simulating the activation effect and the delay characteristic of the concentration overvoltage caused by the double-layer effect of the fuel cell, the output voltage of the fuel cell can be expressed by the following formula:
UFC＝Enerst-Uohm-Uact-Ucon
wherein, Uohm、Uact、UconRespectively expressing ohmic overvoltage, activation overvoltage and concentration overvoltage, and more directly reflecting the electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell by using the expression.
Referring to fig. 4, an equivalent circuit of a lead-acid battery is shown. The simplified model of the lead-acid storage battery established by the model considers the influence of the temperature and the load state on the model parameters, describes the self-discharge effect of the lead-acid storage battery, and can accurately show the dynamic process of the lead-acid storage battery in a larger time scale. In order to determine the model parameter values in the equivalent circuit, the state of charge and the electrolyte temperature need to be determined first. The state of charge is described by a depth of charge doc (depth of charge) and a charge capacity soc (storage of charge). In the electrolyte in the battery, the temperature of each part in the battery is different, and the temperature field of the whole electrolyte can be represented by adopting equivalent temperature in the process of establishing a model.
Referring to fig. 5, the figure is a simplified model of a super capacitor, the super capacitor mainly comprises a polarized electrode, a diaphragm, an electrolyte, a collector, an end plate, a lead, a packaging plate and the like, the super capacitor has a double-layer capacitor structure, the double-layer capacitor realizes energy storage through chemical polarization of the electrolyte, the process belongs to physical change, no electrochemical reaction occurs, and the charging and discharging processes of the super capacitor are reversible. During charging, electrons move from the anode to the cathode through an external power supply, and simultaneously positive ions and negative ions in the electrolyte respectively move to the surfaces of the electrodes through the electrolyte; during discharge, electrons move to the anode through an external load, and electrons indicated by the electrodes are separated from the surfaces of the electrodes and return to the electrolyte.
In summary, the invention provides a hybrid energy storage device system for generating electricity by distributed energy sources such as wind, light, water and the like, wherein hydrogen is mixed in a micro gas turbine as a power generation system with controllable power, hydrogen fuel is generated by utilizing electrolyzed water, and hydrogen can also provide raw materials for a fuel cell. Because wind, light, water etc. distributed energy volatility and intermittent type nature are great, directly incorporate into the electric wire netting and will seriously worsen the security of electric wire netting, consequently, adopt mixed energy memory, the stability of the current-voltage on the direct current generating line is guaranteed to the advantage of make full use of various energy storage techniques.
Due to the diversified development of the distributed energy storage technology, any single energy storage means cannot give consideration to the aspects of power density, energy density, efficiency, service life, cost and the like. Therefore, hybrid energy storage technology comes to the fore, adopts non-cycle life and the like. Under many application scenes, the distributed energy storage system needs to realize the same energy storage mode with other distributed energy sources, fully utilizes the advantages of various energy storage technologies, simultaneously considers the energy storage capacity, the discharge depth and the current established target, dispatches the scattered small-capacity energy storage system as uniformly as possible, contributes to exerting the application potential of energy storage, and improves the utilization efficiency and the economical efficiency.
In conclusion, the hybrid energy storage system fully utilizes the advantages of the hybrid energy storage technology, improves the utilization rate of distributed energy, reduces adverse effects caused by the fact that an intermittent power source is connected into a large power grid, improves the coordinated operation level of the power grid, and improves the power supply quality and reliability of the system.

Claims (5)

1. A hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation is characterized by comprising wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation and hydroelectric power generation;
the wind power generation and the hydraulic power generation generate alternating current, and when the alternating current is merged into a direct current bus, an AC/DC rectifier is added to convert the alternating current into direct current;
the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation is direct current, when the electric energy is merged into a direct current bus, the same voltage is ensured to be merged into a power grid, and a DC/DC converter is added
When the electric energy on the direct current bus is transmitted to an electric load, a DC/AC inverter is needed to convert the direct current into the alternating current.
2. The hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation according to claim 1, wherein the AC/DC rectifier on the hydroelectric power generation is connected to a micro gas turbine, the intake air of the micro gas turbine is mixed with natural gas and hydrogen, the mixture is combusted in a combustion chamber, high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands in the turbine to do work, the rotor drives a generator to convert the gas into electric energy, the DC/DC converter connected to the DC bus generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water, the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the generated oxygen is stored in an oxygen storage tank, and when needed, the hydrogen enters the micro gas turbine again to be converted into electric energy.
3. The hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy generation according to claim 2, wherein the output ends of the oxygen storage tank and the hydrogen storage tank are connected with a fuel cell, the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the fuel cell is used for supplying electric energy to the direct current bus when the power supply is insufficient due to a large electric load.
4. The hybrid energy storage system for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell, the super capacitor, the storage battery and the electric load are connected through a DC/AC inverter for converting the direct current of the energy storage device into alternating current.
5. The use method of the hybrid energy storage system for generating power from distributed energy such as wind, light, water and the like according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps;
when the power load is lower than the power supply of the direct current bus, the voltage on the direct current bus can be increased, redundant electric energy can be stored in the super capacitor and the lead-acid storage battery firstly, when the capacity upper limit of the lead-acid storage battery and the super capacitor is reached, the redundant electric energy is used for electrolyzing water and used for producing hydrogen and oxygen, the produced hydrogen and oxygen are respectively stored in a hydrogen tank and an oxygen tank, the hydrogen can be used for generating electricity by a fuel cell and can also be used for fuel hydrogen-doped combustion of a gas turbine, and the cleanness of energy sources is realized;
when the power load is higher than the power supply of the direct current bus, the hybrid energy storage device provides electric energy, the storage battery, the super capacitor and the fuel cell release the electric energy, the generated direct current is converted into alternating current through the DC/AC inverter, the electric energy is provided for the power load, a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas is arranged at the inlet of the gas turbine and is mixed and combusted with air in the combustion chamber, high-temperature gas enters the turbine to expand and do work, the generated electric energy is converted into direct current through the AC/DC rectifier, a power-controllable power generation system is provided for the distributed energy power generation system by controlling the power generation power of the gas turbine, the influence of the volatility and the intermittence of distributed energy sources such as wind, light and water on the power supply system is eliminated, and the stability of the distributed energy power generation system is maintained.
CN202111192533.0A 2021-10-13 2021-10-13 Hybrid energy storage system and method for wind, light, water and other distributed energy power generation Pending CN113922397A (en)

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