CN1958955A - Plan and installation for improving highway traffic - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a technical scheme capable of improving highway traffic and its correspondent installation. The invented scheme and installation can make installation transformation and intelligent management for typical traffic bottle-neck road of existent high-speed highway and main road system, and its key is characterized by that on the proper locations in the road system the queueing and parking installations can be respectively set so as to improve the traffic congestion condition of highway.

Description

Scheme that improves highway communication and facility

Technical field

The facility that the present invention relates to highway communication bottleneck location improves and intelligent operation, has especially proposed a series of brand-new solutions at the traffic jam that occurs in above the speedway (Freeway, Highway).

Background technology

Traffic jam almost is the common fault of city of the world.The road construction of developed country and automobile are popularized and have been carried out last a century synchronously, yet the speedway of its city and surrounding area is still very general in peak period on and off duty traffic congestion.New industryization country as China, India and Thailand are going on foot developed country's dirt afterwards, stand decocting of traffic jam.

National governments and among the peoplely paid great effort until final elimination traffic jam for alleviating.Because the restriction of fund, expropriation of land and the resistance of resettlement and the natural period of design and construction, the road dilatation of countries in the world does not always catch up with the increase of vehicle mileage (Vehicle-Kilometers/Miles) on the whole.The intelligent transportation system (ITS:Intelligent-Transportation-Systems) nearly two of less investment Just because of this,, nothing resettlement, instant effect has about ten years accelerates universal trend.

The ITS technology is of a great variety, wherein stops up the most direct effective single technology possibility total Ramp-Metering (throttling of up going port ring road) to alleviating freeway traffic.This technology is at the speedway up going port traffic lights to be installed, automatically adjust ratio switching time of each up going port traffic lights according to the traffic degree of saturation above the expressway, a green light only let pass one or several cars, limit the vehicle flowrate that imports the expressway with this, reach and alleviate the effect that the expressway is stopped up.Another effectiveness of this technology is to make the vehicle of up going port " gathering in groups band together " (Platoon) phenomenon not occur when importing the expressway, and is obvious with the traffic accident effect that reduces its association for the traffic turbulent flow of eliminating by force and road (merge) brings.Yet the limitation of this technology also is significantly, the one, and when up ring road curtailment, the throttling dynamics can not be too big, otherwise wait for that the tail of the queue of the vehicle of going up the expressway will extend on the arterial highway, causes arterial highway (Arterial-Street) to go up new traffic jam; The 2nd, at the enough and also big inlet of throttling dynamics of ring road length, large quantities of vehicles concentrate in together idle running (Idling) can cause the local air pollution; The 3rd, this technology is stopped up powerless for the current expressway of freely not causing of outlet.And for the speedway in many cities, it is the main cause that causes the expressway to stop up equally that outlet does not freely have throttling with inlet.

The congenital path area deficiency of Chinese city, industry and commerce layout and road distribute inharmonious, and pedestrian, bicycle and motor vehicle scramble for roads, in recent years under the dual-pressure of urban population rapid expanding and the surge of motor vehicles recoverable amount, serious day by day traffic jam has appearred.Many cities are newly-built goes in ring or passes through the full-overpass speedway in city, yet have little time to remove dilatation owing to connect the arterial highway of access, expressway totally, near the access, expressway vehicle stops up especially serious, the vehicle of last expressway is from inlet (up going port, On-Ramp) just slowly creeping in several traffic lights crossing that also is separated by, and exit (down going port, Off-Ramp) obstruction usually spreads to above the expressway, cause the decline of expressway road speed, the expressway that blocks up when serious is just as the parking lot.

One quickly and easily public traffic network can reduce the quantity of car on the road, thereby reduce the generation that road traffic stops up.Under the puzzlement of trunk street capacity deficiency, China has opened the bus circuit in some cities on speedway, yet the not only the same puzzlement of being blocked up of the bus on the expressway with other vehicle, sometimes blocking up also exactly, bus causes--the bus stop on next door, expressway is too narrow, and bus passes in and out the station at a slow speed and causes main road to delay unloading.The bus stop that is the high speed roadside in addition often is arranged at from place far away, overpass bridge crossing, is separated by far with other public bus network on the arterial highway, and the passenger changes to bus and often wanted walking ten minutes.The result is that bus is walked the expressway and neither at a high speed also is inconvenient to change to, and does not play the effect of anticipation in urban traffic.

Summary of the invention

Scheme provided by the invention and facility will carry out transformation of facility and intelligent management to the existing typical traffic bottleneck of speedway, improve the road through-current capability to reach, alleviate obstruction, minimizing accident, save fuel oil and force down the purpose of blowdown.Its core concept is that suitable location is provided with the queuing and the (Queuing﹠amp that parks in approach system; Parking) facility is transformed into current " rigidity " approach system of not having the stream ability of holding (in other words conj.or perhaps realizing holding stream with traffic congestion) substantially " flexibility " system of certain degree peak clipping (Peak-Clipping) ability.

First main points are set up place or the building that has queuing (Queuing) concurrently and park (Parking) function on expressway exit ring road next door, are called for short row's booth (Quepar).The vehicle that gets off from expressway exit is directed in row's booth flame-out queuing or parks, and the traffic status of looking the arterial highway, downstream allows vehicle ignition roll Pai Ting away from batches.Thus, " plug-back " in nearly exit, expressway (Spillback) eliminated.The queuing zone of row's booth rule of thumb data regularly enters running status in every day or fixedly period weekly; Also can use the queuing zone when being detained to open automatically when number of vehicles surpasses certain threshold value based on to being detained the real-time detection of number of vehicles on ring road or the auxilliary road; Perhaps both combine and determine when to enable Pai Ting.

Second main points are also set up Pai Ting on entrance ring road next door, include vehicle in and advance to arrange the flame-out queuing of booth or park.Adopt up going port throttling (Ramp-Metering) means simultaneously, look the speed of the traffic state decision clearance vehicle above the expressway.The up going port throttling that combines with row's booth had both been taken precautions against and has been occurred on the expressway blocking up, and also can not cause obstruction new on the arterial highway because of the up going port vehicle queue is oversize.

The 3rd main points are transformed the road equipment of overpass bridge access and junction, arterial highway.Up going port row booth and down going port row booth for example are set respectively on the both sides, arterial highway at diamond interchange crossing, and between up going port row booth and down going port row booth, are provided with and stride the street bridge (bridge arranged in abbreviation, Q-bridge), provides the curved stereo channel of turning left to vehicle.Consequently the arterial highway traffic capacity of intersection is improved, and the queuing time of vehicle in row's booth shortens, and the design capacity of row's booth can reduce to save construction cost.

The 4th main points provide the specific channel of expressway up and down and website easily to bus.The bus of walking the expressway is without the howdah car expressway up and down of lining up like that, makes to take bus both economically, also not time-consuming, thereby can attract masses to take, and makes bus become the main force of urban traffic gradually, further alleviates the crowded state on road surface.

Five points, in location, traffic bottlenecks upstream multistage traffic lights are set, enable serious the obstruction when taking place, force vehicle to divide section queuing to move ahead, allow the serious obstruction of traffic of some special location stop-go tens minutes and even more than hour no longer cause the loss on excessive fuel oil waste, vehicle and road surface and driver and passenger's fatigue (Wear﹠amp; Tear).These special locations include but not limited to following a few class: narrow bridge or culvert, charge station above the speedway, the terminal junction of controlling with traffic lights, street of speedway, the remittance of the two or more wagon flows of grade separation hub and drop, the turnover road of scenic spot before and after weekend and festivals or holidays, peripheral street or speedway before and after the stadiums important sports events.

The 6th main points, to on the multilane expressway because of importing and telling complicated " pernicious " traffic bottlenecks enforcements " bottleneck replacement therapy " that form of wagon flow: a track is a bit of on having a mind to the limit of shutoff in original bottleneck upstream, to form " an optimum bottleneck " that turbulent flow is not serious, original " pernicious bottleneck " then do not existed owing to the throttling action that bottleneck newly appears in the upstream, and its through-current capability of optimum bottleneck of having a mind to be provided with will be higher than original pernicious bottleneck.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, the row's booth on the down going port ring road limit, expressway.

Fig. 2, the row's booth on the up going port ring road limit, expressway.

Fig. 3, the Pai Ting at diamond interchange crossing, row's bridge and bus designated lane.

Fig. 4, row's booth of clover leaf interchange bridge circuit mouth.

Fig. 5, near the row's booth its outlet of the speedway of band bypass (Frontage Road).

Fig. 6, row's booth of the interchange hinge in the auxilliary road (Service Road) of band.

Fig. 7, holding of grade separation hub row booth flowed and the queuing time graph of a relation.

Fig. 8 divides the wagon flow-time chart of section queuing.

Fig. 9, section traffic lights control flow chart.

Figure 10, the bottleneck of the grade separation hub in the auxilliary road of band is replaced.

Figure 11 does not replace with the bottleneck of the clover leaf interchange hinge of assisting the road.

Figure 12, the detour ring road and the queuing of branch section at diamond interchange crossing.

Figure 13, the formula row road, the auxilliary road of redundancy of the grade separation hub in the auxilliary road of band.

The specific embodiment

Describe embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Wagon flow direction among each figure is all according to right side (as the China and the standard of the U.S.) drafting of travelling, but relevant principle is applicable to the country (as Japan, Britain) of left driving in the same old way, just will be replacing mutually about the description on " left side " and " right side " when the translation of patent application document.

Fig. 1 is row's booth that speedway down going port ring road next door is provided with.The speedway 100 in unidirectional three tracks among the figure (the opposite direction track on 102 opposites, isolation strip do not omit draw), the direction of traffic in triangle 104 these three tracks of expression is (from west to east) from left to right, the vehicle above the expressway omits not to be drawn.This speedway has outlet 110, one oversize vehicles 112 just to sail out of outlet to enter ring road, and following is a dilly 114 in its back.Again forward, oversize vehicle is waited in line to pass through before will be along original ring road 120 to banister 122, and dilly is lined up in row's booths 140 through advancing vehicle passage 130.It is that the oversize vehicle turning radius is big that this example row booth is not admitted the main cause of oversize vehicle queuing, wastes very much buffer; And original ring road is vacant also unreasonable, is used for to the oversize vehicle queuing just in time.

Row's booth in the middle of Fig. 1 has A, B, C, D, E, F totally 6 queuing passages, is called for short " row road " (Q-lane).An access railing 142 and one railing 144 of engaging in this profession is established in each row road, and between the adjacent row road hard shoulder 146 is arranged.Hard shoulder can be high about 10 centimetres, and wide cement estrade more than half meter, car are difficult for crossing over but car door can freely be opened.Driver in the car and passenger can come out of stroll, chat, buy snacks, go to rest room or the like.

The queue discipline of vehicle is as follows in this example row booth:

The car that works as on the ring road can't in time be evacuated on the arterial highway, downstream, and congestion will definitely be by outlet 110 reverse diffusions (" plug-back ") during to speedway 100, row's booth promptly enters running status, and all vehicle shuntings except oversize vehicle and the special duty's vehicle are lined up in row's booth.

After lining up in the vehicle that advances vehicle passage 130 must enter into a certain row road, could continue to move ahead to going out vehicle passage 150.Vehicle in each row road all is one-way trip,

has only an access railing to be in opening in arbitrary particular moment at the most, and the car of the row's of entering booth sails this row road queuing in turn into.The car that enters this row road the earliest comes engaging in this profession of cutting out and stops flame-out waiting before the railing.Thereafter the car that sails into is end to end in the row road to stop in turn, keeps as far as possible little distance each other.The car that has put in place all stops working and to wait.When this row road row had expired car, the access railing was closed automatically, and the admittance vehicle is opened in the vacant row road of next bar automatically.

If all row roads of all do not have the room, then all access railings are all closed, and the car of the row's of entering booth must be vacated the queuing of just entering afterwards in the row of having waited until road.

When had enough spaces can hold all cars in the row road when ring road downstream 160, the longest its railing of engaging in this profession of row road of queuing time was opened automatically, moved ahead through going out vehicle passage 150 so the vehicle in the row road is lighted a fire in succession.After the total emptying of car in this row road, the railing of engaging in this profession is closed automatically, and this row road enters vacant dormant state.

The curb of ring road 120 leaves enough width for special duty's vehicle pass-through, passes through banister 122 so special duty's car can be walked around the oversize vehicle of queuing.

is as for the oversize vehicle of lining up later at banister 122 on the ring road 120, and their clearance hockets with the emptying in the interior rule row of row's booth road.Such as, when the vehicle that accumulates whenever 160 places, ring road downstream reduces to " semi-saturation " (a collection of car of that include in rung off half) before this state by " saturated " (just having included all vehicles in a row road in), banister 122 large car of letting pass.

access like this-stop working-line up-light a fire-engage in this profession develops at a progressive speed, and sends a car to be detained vehicle in row's booth many time and to increase, and corresponding queuing time prolongs; When the quantity of sending a car was less than car quantity, the car in row's booth reduced gradually, and the new vehicle queue time shortens.Treat that in the past ring road downstream 160, back is unblocked in the peak period, be detained the vehicle continuous decrease in row's booth, arrange to a certain degree the time booth can close need not, all move ahead through original ring road 120 from the car that expressway exit 110 gets off.

The access railing in D row road is opened among the figure, has several cars to stop working and stops waiting before the railing of engaging in this profession, and the car of follow-up arrival makes the fleet in this row road constantly prolong.And at the same time, the car in the A row road is just in emptying, and the car that has has arrived downstream ring road 160 places, and what have will be by going out vehicle passage 150, the startup just that also has.

What be necessary to remark additionally is, oversize vehicle is limited in the buffer of 120 sections of ring roads, to such an extent as to for avoid fleet long stop up row's booth advance vehicle passage 130, must the appearance policy limit peak period oversize vehicle speedway under this outlet, 122 places establish charge station at banister, accelerate the clearance oversize vehicle under the prerequisite of charge.

Also have a bit, the space of row's booth is always limited, when outlet 110 continues to send a car in a large number and downstream ring road 160 is long-time current when smooth, the ability that row's booth will have a full house and lose the admittance vehicle queue or park.Should set up billboard from the remarkable position of outlet 110 suitable distances at the upstream speedway, show the queuing time that vehicle is estimated in front exit place row's booth current vacant park space and the row's booth, do not park space or long queuing time can impel some will export descending vehicle at this originally to be deferred to speedway under the next outlet.

Fig. 2 is the situation of the up ring road of the speedway next door row of setting booth.The running of this row's booth and row's booth on precedent Fig. 1 down ramp limit are closely similar, and following description stresses the difference of Fig. 2 and Fig. 1.

From row's middle-size and small-size vehicle of coming out of booth 200 and through the oversize vehicle of banister 210 after up ring road converges, further be subjected to the regulation and control of throttling banister 220, make the vehicle fleet size and the time interval that import the speedway main road be the optimization state.The normal forms that adopt traffic lights of throttling banister 220, such as per traffic lights cycle of 4 seconds, 2 seconds red lights, 2 seconds green lights, green light car of letting pass each time also can adopt the two-way traffic vehicle of alternately letting pass.

Leading on the limit, arterial highway of each up going port,, still walking the arterial highway so that each vehicle selects decision to go up the expressway herein with the vacant berth and roughly queuing time of setting up in the billboard advance notice up going port row booth.Preferably coordinating actions between each up going port throttling banister makes the queuing time of each up going port roughly the same, so as not to the vehicle short up going port of queuing time of going the long way round.

Also arranged in up going port among Fig. 2 row booth taxi (Taxi) special-purpose the queuing passage--F arrange the road, unloaded taxi stops working at this and waits the passenger.The taxi queuing should be let pass one by one, will decide on the policy in each city as for the priority level of relative other vehicle, can have the visitor promptly to let pass, and perhaps alternately lets pass with other wagon flow.Have one to go out row's booth prepared banister 220 with other large, medium and small vehicle to ring road among the taxi fleet 230 among the figure, other some taxis are flame-out waiting in F row road also.Queuing is once only let pass one in view of taxi, if come a parking stall of car igniting once only advancing of back, just seems very uneconomical, also is a kind of pollution to air in row's booth.So the present invention has designed the taxi use of a kind of ramp 240 of special use for queuing.A visite that advances to arrange is steeper, and taxi relies on power to go up a slope, having crossed sloping top is long slow descending, and the car that has stopped working can rely on the self gravitation neutral to slide at this.So ramp has been arranged, and the taxi time length of receiving guests of no matter lining up is lighted a fire before all only in the end will rolling F row road away from.

The taxi that needs to go up speedway for having carried the passenger in the street enters up going port row booth backsight passenger and requires and can select a use in following several queuing schemes.The queuing time that first kind of situation is common middle-size and small-size vehicle is also shorter than the queuing time of taxi, and line up in the taxi of carrying other row road that can arrive beyond the F.The F row channel ratio that second kind of situation is the taxi special use is very fast, and the taxi of carrying is lined up to the afterbody in F row road.The third situation is, passenger's trip of being eager, and the head of the queue taxi in F row road is also being received guests, in this case the passenger can with current be the taxi checkout of its service, then transfer F arranges the taxi of road head of the queue to race against time.That taxi that has just put down the passenger then arrives the afterbody queuing that F arranges the road.

Preamble is not mentioned the queuing problem of taxi when key-drawing 1, obviously, it also is same being suitable for that the special-purpose ramp of this taxi is put in the down going port row booth.The queuing of the taxi on airport, and the vehicle queue of busy restaurant take-out window (Drive-Through) also can adopt this two-sided ramp to encourage that people are flame-out to be waited.

In theory, if the row's booth on the speedway upper and lower opening ring road limit has enough capacity, and the control algolithm of up going port banister 220 is accurate, just not duplicating property traffic congestion again above the speedway.The probability of the sporadic traffic congestion that traffic accident causes also will reduce, because under the steady and unimpeded condition of traffic flow, the incidence of traffic accident obviously descends.Truly there is traffic accident to take place, the up going port throttling banister of upstream, the site of an accident expressway on some vehicles of also can correspondingly letting pass less, the traffic congestion scale that accident is caused is compressed to minimum level.

Is the capacity of row's booth much actually suitable? if the obstruction of 500 meters long end to end (Bumper-to-Bumper) often appearred in the location, upstream that the some down going port in expressway are close to before the row's of setting booth, the summation of all row road length reaches 500 meters and just can receive into this " long queue " that blocks the traffic in row's booth in this exit so.With 3 meters (containing hard shoulder) estimations of row road width, the row road needs 1500 square metres of effective areas.If upstairs for parking usefulness, the row road all is located at Stall to row's booth, adds extra 1/3rd passage, stair, wall area so, the floor space of row's booth needs 2000 square metres--can be one 80 meters long, and 25 meters wide rectangles.Reserve after the space of turning round, every row road is grown 72 meters, once can be for about 12 cars queuing.

Being provided with of row's booth can effectively eliminate on the speedway because down going port smooth with the up going port excessive caused traffic jam of sending a car, the arterial highway obstruction of also avoiding the up going port throttling to cause simultaneously.But, have only when the queuing time of row in the booth not oversizely, the design capacity of correspondingly arranging booth does not need too big, and construction cost is not too expensive, and row's booth is only economical and practical means of transportation.

For this reason, the present invention will further introduce some schemes and facility, improve the through-current capability of original traffic bottlenecks, and the emptying flow that correspondingly improves row's booth is with compression peaks queuing time and row's booth design capacity.These bottlenecks appear between expressway entrance and exit and the arterial highway (see Fig. 3, Fig. 4), and access and bypass between (see figure 5) and grade separation hub traffic convergence place (see figure 6).

Narrate the prioritization scheme that the present invention solves diamond interchange crossing traffic blockage problem below in conjunction with Fig. 3.

The speedway in the suburbs, city is modal with being connected of arterial highway to be the diamond interchange crossing, and no matter the expressway is on the overpass bridge still under the bridge, and formed two the accurate crossroads of arterial highway and up-downgoing ring road are generally the traffic lights crossing, lay respectively at the speedway both sides.The vehicle of two down ramps of arterial highway both direction and speedway, two up ring roads is current in these two crossing timesharing.Taking up an area of is a major advantage at diamond interchange crossing less, yet also just because of take up an area of fewly, the distance between two traffic lights crossings is very near, and four jumbo curved vehicles of turning left of different directions result in blockage at this easily.

Fig. 3 is row's booth and overhead pedestrian crossing distributing rationally at the diamond interchange crossing.Overhead pedestrian crossing is wherein realized the purpose relieve traffic congestion owing to combine closely with row's booth, below letter is called " row's bridge " (Q-bridge).Upper and lower opening, ring road, Pai Ting and the Pai Qiao of speedway one side of only having drawn among the figure, the complete intersection with it symmetry of the configuration of speedway opposite side is not drawn so omit.This Pai Ting and the function of the assembly of arranging bridge except aforesaid elimination speedway obstruction also will reduce the curved vehicle fleet size of turning left of traffic lights crossing to greatest extent, thereby improve the traffic capacity of arterial highway at this crossing; Bus specific channel and middle-size and small-size vehicle parking space also are provided in addition.

Main means of transportation in Fig. 3:

The speedway 300 that is east-west, down ramp 302 and up ring road 304.The arterial highway 310 of North and South direction under the overpass bridge, the traffic lights crossing 312 of arterial highway and up-downgoing ring road intersection.Above means of transportation are intrinsic by typical diamond interchange crossing.

The following means of transportation of then at first propose for the present invention institute.

down going port row booth 320.Go the middle-size and small-size vehicle of arterial highway south orientation to line up at Stall behind the following expressway, will go the middle-size and small-size vehicle of arterial highway north orientation to line up at second floor behind the following expressway, the 3rd buildings and above floor are the floor of parking.

crosses over arterial highway 310 and arranges bridge 340 with down going port row booth 320 with the two-way traffic that up going port row booth 330 is connected.A track of row's bridge 340 is an one-way street 342 from left to right, and another track is a two-way street 344.Hard shoulder 346 between two tracks is a semipermanent structure, can remove when needed, allows the through-current capability in two tracks obtain using more flexibly.

up going port row booth 330.To go up the eastbound middle-size and small-size vehicle in expressway in the north orientation arterial highway and advance the Stall queuing, will go up the eastbound middle-size and small-size vehicle in expressway in the south orientation arterial highway and advance the second floor queuing through row's bridge one-way street 342, the 3rd buildings and above floor are for parking usefulness.

is in down going port row booth bus designated lane 350 and bus stop 352 behind; Be located at up going port row booth bus designated lane 360 and bus stop 362 behind.

also has bicycle and subway 370 and 372 in addition.Bicycle and pedestrian can not intersected with motor vehicle and the opposite side of through speedway 300 or arterial highway 310, the bus stop of two Pai Ting back about also can leading to.Because it is underground that motor vehicle and pedestrian enter, the arterial highway is able to each direction near speedway all increase a motorway.The present invention recommends to use bicycle and subway (being not that the present invention initiates), can improve the traffic capacity at diamond interchange crossing to greatest extent because they are used in combination with Pai Ting and Pai Qiao.

In Fig. 3 with Pai Ting, arrange bridge and the relevant major flow of bus designated lane:

The wagon flow that comes out from the speedway down going port is A (a various vehicle); It is curved to be turned left at traffic lights crossing 312 by the arterial highway south orientation, and the wagon flow of expressway is B1 (oversize vehicle) on ring road 304 again; Advance to arrange park floor or to cross the street be B2 (middle-size and small-size vehicle and bus) to up going port row booth 330 second floors of booth 320 by the arterial highway south orientation; By the arterial highway north orientation turn right at crossing 312 curved on original ring road the wagon flow of expressway be C1 (oversize vehicle), promptly not turning right before row's bridge curved at the arterial highway north orientation is wagon flow C2 (middle-size and small-size vehicle and bus).

The wagon flow that imports the speedway up going port is X (a various vehicle); Crossing original down ramp curved wagon flow that imports the arterial highway south orientation of turning right is Y1 (oversize vehicle), and the wagon flow that imports the arterial highway south orientation through Pai Ting and row's bridge is Y2 (middle-size and small-size vehicle and a bus); By original down ramp curved wagon flow that imports the arterial highway north orientation of turning left is Z1 (oversize vehicle), and the wagon flow that imports the arterial highway north orientation through Pai Ting and row's bridge is Z2 (middle-size and small-size vehicle and a bus);

wagon flow A is divided into three strands, and A1 is that oversize vehicle and special duty's vehicle advance via original down ramp; A2 is a public transit vehicle, walks designated lane 350; A3 is the middle-size and small-size vehicle that enters down going port row booth queuing or park.The A1 wagon flow is divided into two strands after having crossed banister, the curved Y1 that is that turns right, and the curved Z1 that is turns left.The bus of wagon flow A2 can be to the row curved wagon flow Y2 that removes the arterial highway south orientation that imports that turn right during bridge, and the curved Z2 wagon flow that imports north orientation of turning right after also can the row of mistake bridge is turned left after can also the row of mistake bridge and bent remittance and go up the wagon flow X1 of expressway again.Can stop bus stop 352 or 362 for about the passenger according to the bus that is ranked of circuit.Wagon flow A3 enters after the down going port row booth, and the car of preparing to turn northward is lined up at Stall, and the back of letting pass forms wagon flow M1; The car that turns northward is by second floor queuing on the slope 322, and the back of letting pass forms wagon flow M2, crosses the curved Z2 of remittance that turns right behind row's bridge; Other car will arrive the 3rd buildings and park, and forms wagon flow M3.

B2 wagon flow is climbed and be divided into two strands behind down going port row booth second floor height, one M4 parks in last the 3rd buildings, and another gang M5 crosses row's bridge, and middle-size and small-size car wherein enters up going port row booth second floor, bus then enters designated lane 360 and imports wagon flow X1, and can be in the bus stop passenger about in the of 362.

down going port row booth 320 forms two bursts of wagon flows when parking the vehicle driving of floor, first gang of M6 imports southward wagon flow Y2 to Stall down; Another gang M7 crosses row's bridge and enters up going port row booth 330.

The wagon flow that enters up going port row booth 330 is divided into two strands, and first gang of M8 lines up after tiltedly descending 332 trips are crossed the up going port banister and finally imported wagon flow X at second floor; Second gang of wagon flow M9 can above the 3rd buildings or above floor park, also can directly descend Stall to import that the arterial highway turns northward in the wagon flow M10 preparation.

imports also comprising from the floor trip vehicle of parking of up going port row booth 330 of M10 wagon flow.Other two way zones 344 of then wishing the row's of walking bridge from the floor trip vehicle of parking of row's booth 330 are to the arterial highway south orientation, and these cars form the major part of wagon flow M11.The M11 right-to-left cross behind row's bridge with A2 in the middle of the part bus converge and form wagon flow M12.

The curved wagon flow C2 that turns right on the north orientation arterial highway, bus wherein import X1 wagon flow and passenger about in the of 362 AT STATION; Other vehicle forms has three kinds of possible selections that continue after wagon flow M13 enters up going port row booth 330 Stalls.The one, in the Stall queuing, the final wagon flow X that imports up going port in the back of letting pass; The 2nd, on the floor of parking park; The 3rd, import wagon flow M11 ...＞M12 ...＞Y2 goes to the arterial highway south orientation--and from C2 to Y2, be actually on the arterial highway vehicle that originally goes north and use row's bridge and reverse end for end.

The B2 wagon flow of south orientation then can be via M5 ...＞M9 ...＞M10 ...＞Z2 reverses end for end head north.

In off-peak period, the intrinsic ring road at diamond interchange crossing and traffic lights crossing just are enough to guarantee that wagon flow is unimpeded, middle-size and small-size vehicle does not have necessity and advances to arrange the booth queuing or cross row's bridge to get around the detour mouth of turning left, yet because row's booth has the function of parking concurrently, new some cars of expressway down will advance Pai Ting and park, and the car in some original pool rafting booths will go to arterial highway or expressway, so up going port row's booth and down going port row booth are still open to A3, B2 and C2 wagon flow.Off-peak period, wagon flow was sparse, and car no longer needs flame-out queuing on the row road, only need to advance by a unlimited row road successively.

The wagon flow priority control principle that intersects among Fig. 3, converges:

Four bursts of wagon flows such as Y1, Z1, B1 and C1 are controlled by original crossing 312 traffic lights.But because oversize vehicle only accounts for the very small scale of total vehicle flowrate, the most transit time in this crossing can be distributed to the vehicle that the arterial highway North and South direction is kept straight on, and traffic " bottleneck " no longer.

M5 and M7 are current on the one way road 342 of row's bridge, because M5 is directly from the arterial highway, the buffering surplus is very little, and M7 gets off from the floor of parking, and the back queuing is long serious, so will set up " giving way " mark in the M7 of intersection one side.

M2, M11 share the two way zone 344 of arranging bridge together with A2 part vehicle.Bus A2 is preferential, that is to say, rests on banister 354 fronts in case the ground induction coils in the passage 350 have detected bus, and the wagon flow of M2 and M11 is not just in emptying, and control system is just opened banister 354 bus is let pass so.If the wagon flow of M2 or M11 is just in emptying, 354 of the banisters bus of after M2 or M11 emptying are finished, letting pass at once.Wagon flow M2 is identical with the M11 priority, see both queuing time length decision emptying order before banister separately.The emptying of M2 also will take into account the emptying of the wagon flow M10 that priority level is equal in addition, because they import the Z2 wagon flow together.

M1, M6 and M12 import Y2 together, and their priority levels of three are identical, are emptying in turn basically.

Vehicle in the wagon flow C2 runs into the bus that comes out from banister 356 or 364 and will give way, and is unimpeded in order to ensure row's bridge.356,364 and 366 of banisters are open to bus, can control the switch of banister according to the isoparametric difference of chassis size, height of car of bus and middle-size and small-size vehicle about sensing element, also can open banister by apparatus remote control in bus.

Two bursts of wagon flows of Y2 and Z2 will give way to the vehicle of the street when importing North and South direction track, arterial highway respectively, but in fact the upstream, arterial highway come travel on that track of keeping to the side most car seldom.For south orientation Y2, the Y1 wagon flow of upstream should import middle lane already, and B2 has then advanced row's booth totally or crossed row's bridge.And, have only the vehicle in portion C 1 wagon flow to appear on the by-pass for the Z2 of north orientation.Thus, Y2 and Z2 wagon flow should be comparatively unimpeded.

Pai Ting, row bridge and bus designated lane will bring a lot of unprecedented conveniences to people's trip, now for two examples with aid illustration.

Certain Mr.'s first, it is not far to live among Fig. 3 the diamond interchange crossing, his car is just moored at down going port row booth 320 upstairs evening, suppose that expressway 300 is annulars of total length 40 kms, and his working will be become a cadre behind these 20 kms of driving above expressway (just being the half-turn of loop) again.Morning, he was with the breakfast walking in row's booth, started car and imported the M7 wagon flow, crossed and arranged the flame-out queuing in row road of advancing up going port row booth 330 second floors with the M8 wagon flow behind the bridge.The queuing time of expressway is 10 minutes on this moment, has breakfast while Mr. first is sitting in to listen to the radio in the car.Breakfast is eaten up, and 10 minutes have also arrived, so his igniting is set out on a journey.Average speed per hour 80 kms on the road, the distance of 20 kms has only been used 15 minutes.The queuing time of down going port row booth also is 10 minutes herein, and Mr. first closes the eyes for rest in row's booth, thinks deeply the work on the same day slightly.Gone out row's booth, Mr. first through work unit of driving provides the parking lot for oneself.The same day is when coming off duty, and Mr. first walks 20 kms of loop other half (just with morning direction of traffic identical), and the up going port queuing has been used 15 minutes, and just in time the fatigue of darg is eliminated in respite for a moment.Vehicle is more on the expressway, average speed per hour 60 kms, the down going port row booth 320 that he used get back to set out morning in 20 minutes.Exempt from queuing remittance M3 wagon flow and upstairs park, walk home then.For Mr. first, walk at a high speed to go out Pai Ting, time spent 10+15+10=35 minute from advancing Pai Ting morning.It then is 15+20=35 minute at dusk.If the facility that does not have the present invention to bring, the distance of 20 kms 1 hour were very usual at peak period on and off duty stop-go.Now there is row's booth to eliminate the obstruction of speedway, not only added up to the time of travelling frequently that spends in expressway and upper and lower opening 120 minutes to drop to 70 minutes by the morning and evening, the driving time that really is used on the expressway has only 35 minutes especially, just in time is used to have breakfast and have a rest and be used for flame-out other 35 minutes of lining up.If it is on and off duty that Mr. first has friend will get his lift, desirable just place and the time in row's booth, during the flame-out queuing.

What the present invention brought Mr. first is the saving of the time of travelling frequently (120-70)/120=42%, body and mind easily, and the decline significantly of car consumption, oil consumption and blowdown.

Certain Ms's second, get off with wagon flow A from the expressway 300 of Fig. 3 morning on working day.This is a busy outlet, if drive out Pai Ting, queuing time is 20 minutes.And her work unit from this crossing southward by bike as long as 10 minutes can to, put off until some time later and also not provide the parking lot for oneself in the unit, near the difficulty height of looking for and charge in the parking lot unit.So she is at underground bicycle park one of the bicycle of parking overnight of row's booth 320, she advanced to arrange to exempt from behind the booth queuing and imported the M3 wagon flow and upstairs park morning on working day, went the unit working then by bike.After Hours she spends the night bicycle and deposits, and goes up to start car to the floor of parking and import the M7 wagon flow, goes downstairs with M9 after crossing row's bridge, imports the M10 wagon flow, after one or two minute the banister opening with the Z2 wagon flow toward northern.Her car is stayed on the right lane, has crossed traffic lights crossing 312 and has passed under the overpass bridge.A traffic lights crossing is also arranged beyond the overpass bridge, and two Pai Ting and row's bridge do not draw among Fig. 3, and Mrs second will go expressway direction (left-hand side) westerly, and distance down is equivalent to B2 among the figure ...＞M5 ... the 180 degree rotations of＞M8.Though her direction of walking of this crossing at dusk the time-division also very busy, but because the queuing time of up going port is that the unification of loopful line is prepared, busy up going port vehicle is let pass also corresponding frequent, and therefore up queuing time is 15 minutes, lines up 20 minutes for short than the down going port in morning.

For Mrs second, what blocked up on the former expressway decocts from needless to say, has descended the expressway also common to unit this section traffic congestion, and it is difficult to stop near the unit again.Even if near southward limit, the arterial highway exit, the parking lot is arranged, if being parked in the there to automobile, she arrive by bike then in the class, to walk morning to can be said to be smooth and easy, the dusk just has been not easy: she has got car will take very big twists and turns and could reverse end for end to reach the arterial highway north orientation; Traffic lights crossing 312 is that bottleneck will take many times and could pass through then; Also has a bottleneck crossing the same after passing overpass bridge with 312!

Above Mr. first and the present invention's of Mrs second nationality the example of just saving the time of travelling frequently is based on the car that uses this expressway and does not increase such hypothesis after the present invention implements.Yet newly-built means of transportation can bring out (Induce) new traffic volume usually, can part even all traffic improvements of counteracting expectation.

Can means of transportation provided by the invention allow its traffic improvement that brings lasting effective actually? answer is yes.Article one, reason is, the construction of near the Pai Ting the upper and lower opening of expressway, row's bridge and underground passage, ratio is short apart from the cycle of widening with the length of the turnpike road that the expressway joins mutually, expense is low, under the traffic capacity restriction of these originally saturated turnpike roads, the expressway that original vehicle current on other road and can't shifting on a large scale utilizes traffic to improve.

The second reason is, as long as leave surplus when the row's of construction booth, vehicle fleet size increase to a certain degree can't cause near the obstruction expressway and the upper and lower opening at once, and time that only can the interior vehicle queue of the row's of making booth progressively extends.And flame-out in row's booth to wait the time that is disappeared be can not mention in the same breath with spent time of stop-go on the expressway forever.

Article three, reason, the present invention also provides the bus designated lane, make bus have precedence over other vehicle expressway up and down, consequently, though can utilize this expressway than the people of Duoing in the past, yet the increase of vehicle fleet is not remarkable, because the comparative effectiveness of oneself driving and taking bus tilts to the latter.Be that increasing also for the minimizing vehicle fleet size of setting out on a journey of the person of getting a lift is helpful in addition.

With half of expressway, three tracks among Fig. 3 is example, saturated 100 cars of the about per minute of cross section vehicle flowrate when unimpeded.If do not have bus in the middle of these 100 cars, a then average vehicle-mounted visitor is difficult to surpass 1.5 people, and the passenger flow sum is less than per minute 150 people.Yet because bus dedicated Lanes provided by the invention have been arranged, per minute is crossed a bus and can be accomplished on the expressway.Order of classes or grades at school bus how and efficiently must attract a large amount of passengers, calculates with 60 passengers on average each bus, and the saturated passenger flow quantity of this direction of expressway has been brought up to per minute 210 people, is one 40% increment!

What degree can bus fast arrive actually under promotion of the present invention? supposing has 10 diamond interchange crossings on the expressway of one section 20 km length, each mouth is established a bus stop.Suppose that again the passenger gets on the bus after waiting for bus 3 minutes in first crossing, bus is average speed per hour 60 kms on the expressway, and designated lane, the banister time spent 1.5 minutes of passing through each diamond interchange crossing, on-board and off-board half a minute, the passenger is from waiting for bus, go up expressway, following expressway, stopping, go up the expressway so, the time that 20 kms of passing by arrive the 10th station to be needed is: minute contrast preamble Mr. first of 3+20+9 * (1.5+0.5)=41 example of 20 km expressways of driving away, his time spent (the flame-out queuing in the row of the being included in booth) also is wanted 35 minutes! Such bus can attract a large amount of passengers certainly.

Below utilize the operation conditions of designated lane provided by the invention and platform to be further described with regard to bus.

Make the cross section flow of bus on the expressway reach one of per minute, be equivalent to have five public bus networks of one of dispatching a car in 5 minutes at interval separately to pass through at this.If being all buses, the diamond interchange crossing among Fig. 3 all stops " major station ", there is the bus of 5 circuits to separate formation A2 wagon flow from down going port, there is simultaneously the bus of 5 circuits to form wagon flow X1 remittance up going port again, consider wherein to have several circuits to carry out arterial highway-expressway through transport at this upper and lower opening, the public bus network through expressway about this diamond interchange crossing has following 7 probably so:

Article one, 352 on-board and off-board AT STATION of following expressway import the Y2 wagon flow then and remove the arterial highway south orientation;

Second, 352 on-board and off-board AT STATION of following expressway are crossed row's bridge remittance Z2 wagon flow then and are removed the arterial highway north orientation;

Third and fourth, 352 on-board and off-board AT STATION of following expressway are crossed row's bridge remittance X1 wagon flow then and are gone up the expressway again;

Article five,, row's bridge is directly crossed in path, following expressway, and 362 on-board and off-board AT STATION import the X1 wagon flow and go up the expressway again;

Article six,,, pass a bridge, import expressway on the X1 wagon flow again in 362 on-board and off-board from the B2 wagon flow of arterial highway south orientation;

Article seven,, from the C2 wagon flow of arterial highway north orientation, 362 on-board and off-board AT STATION also import expressway on the X1 wagon flow;

Like this, within average per 5 minutes:

4 times bus on-board and off-board of bus stop 352 reception;

Row's bridge one-way street one side 342 current buses;

Current from left to right 4 buses of row's bridge two-way street one side 344;

3 times bus on-board and off-board of bus stop 362 reception;

Reach such traffic capacity, bus stop 352 and 362 platform area will be enough for the on-board and off-board simultaneously of two to three buses; Platform setting should be adopted " bay formula ", allows bus on the back just can surmount vehicle in on-board and off-board; And the bus that preamble has illustrated is crossed row's bridges in two-way street one side 344 and is enjoyed priority and also be very important.

The clover leaf interchange road junction also is common in speedway and arterial highway intersection.Negotiability is higher than in the diamond interchange road junction arterial highway of equal number of lanes its arterial highway part of positive clover leaf interchange structure of four " cotyledons " owing to do not establish traffic lights.Yet,, can cause the obstruction of upper and lower opening ring road in the same old way and spread on the expressway if the traffic lights crossing traffic capacity in downstream, arterial highway is not enough.In addition, from the arterial highway along the up vehicle of interior ring road with at the expressway by-pass narrow " (Weaving) an interweaves " section is arranged from the expressway through the descending vehicle of interior ring road, when two bursts of wagon flows all are to block up when can cause expressway and arterial highway under the highdensity situation.For the clover leaf interchange structure of having only two or three " cotyledons ", must adopt the traffic lights crossing to come the busy curved wagon flow of turning left of standard, it is similar to the diamond interchange crossing possibility of jamming to occur.

Fig. 4 is a kind of scheme that the present invention solves clover leaf interchange crossing blockage problem.

One " cotyledon " of the positive clover leaf interchange structure of only having drawn among the figure is not difficult to derive thus at the solution of other mutation of clover leaf interchange structure.

In being arranged on, down going port row booth 400 among Fig. 4 in the middle of the circle of ring road, utilized this piece vacant lot just.Up going port row booth 410 is arranged on the high speed roadside because as a rule on the limit, arterial highway the location adjacent with row's booth 400 to give over to commercialization.These two row's booths have the function of parking equally concurrently, but parking space is have more than is needed too many.This be because can only go during the vehicle driving of pool in down going port row booth 400 arterial highway toward the north to, and can only go up the expressway during vehicle driving of pool in up going port row booth 410, two row's booths be not so good as all that the diamond interchange crossing is the sort of to have the continuous row's booth of row's bridge to be fit to park.

Successively be divided into 4 strands after the wagon flow 420 of getting off from the expressway is slowed down: first strand is bus, stops platform 430 behind left shunt; Second strand is middle-size and small-size vehicle, advances right-hand side row booth 400 and parks or flame-out queuing; The 3rd strand is again bus, stops platform 440 along fork road right lateral; Last the 4th strand is oversize vehicle, the queuing of stopping to banister 450 fronts.Let pass when banister 450 punishment from row's booth 400 trip vehicle, bus and oversize vehicle, then synthetic one import the arterial highway toward the north to.

From the arterial highway north orientation to the expressway toward east to the wagon flow of going, enter after the up ring road and successively be divided into 3 strands: first strand is middle-size and small-size vehicle, advances right-hand side row booth 410 and parks or flame-out queuing; Second strand is bus, stops platform 460 along fork road right lateral; The 3rd strand is oversize vehicle, the queuing of stopping to banister 470 fronts.Let pass when banister 470 is punished from row's booth 410 trip vehicle, two strands of buses (stop over platform 430 or 460 respectively) and oversize vehicle, speed-raising imports the expressway then.

Except rhombus and two kinds of common intersections of cloverleaf, what the upper and lower opening of some speedway connected is not and staggered arterial highway, expressway, but the bypass parallel with the expressway (Frontage-Road).For this down going port, if the bypass downstream nearby is the traffic lights crossing of turning round and keeping straight on about a permission, so the vehicle that gets off of expressway with the vehicle on bypass originally staggered and road just very narrow and cause easily and block up.Fig. 5 is the traffic plan that relieves that the present invention is directed to this class down going port design, and row's booth setting of up going port is very similar therewith, there is no need to draw explanation again.

Fig. 5 high speed highway 500, down going port 510, bypass 520 and shop, roadside 530 are present in before the present invention.Stride across the bridge 540 of bypass, bus stop 550, row's booth 555, the bus designated lane 560 in row's booth outside, traffic lights crossing 570 and vehicle parking passage 580 are set for the present invention.

Oversize vehicle still directly imports bypass from the down going port ring road.Bus stops to platform 550 at all walk if having time bridge 540, comes in and goes out because be convenient to the pedestrian here, does not also hinder the traffic of main road and bypass when bus stops.In the heavy traffic period, middle-size and small-size vehicle does not directly enter bypass through original ring road, lines up or parks in row's booth 555 but walk bridge 540--guarantee that the vehicle on the ring road can not go by plug-back to the main road of expressway.Row booth simultaneously to the vehicle on the bypass provide park just.Newly-installed traffic lights crossing 570 makes on the bypass that trip vehicle crosses at times orderlyly in forward vehicle and the row's booth.

Row's booth among Fig. 5 is arranged at the back in shop, original roadside, and such arrangement makes the land expropriation cost of the row's of construction booth greatly reduce.It needs to be noted that row's booth place far away from the street of can dropping back equally in curbside among Fig. 3 just can make Pai Ting and the combination of arranging bridge realize original function as long as the access bridge of row's bridge prolonged.

Grade separation hub between expressway and the expressway can be alleviated with the way of the row's of setting up booth because of the wagon flow deciliter obstruction that causes in the same old way.If among Fig. 4 the arterial highway under the overpass bridge is changed into speedway, this clover leaf interchange crossing has just become a typical grade separation hub so, and row's principle of booth 400,410 and structure still are suitable for, and just the vehicle flowrate that grade separation hub is bigger has been decided the capacity of row's booth and the length of ring road is all wanted corresponding increase to some extent with higher through driving quick decision.Certainly, row's booth 400 capacity that are clipped between two expressways and the interior ring road are difficult to random expansion, so the scheme of Fig. 4 has bigger limitation.

Clover leaf interchange hinge for serious obstruction, more current engineering control scheme is to set up an auxilliary road (Service-Road) to two lane highways on the main road limit, allow vehicle remittance and tell mainly and between auxilliary road and ring road, finish, be able to the interference that vehicle crosses to the main road wagon flow is reduced to Min..Yet the grade separation hub in the auxilliary road of band can not thoroughly be eliminated traffic jam, and row's booth is still had place to show one's prowess.

Fig. 6 is the example application of row's booth in the grade separation hub in an auxilliary road of band.

The speedway 610 of an east-west direction of cross-over connection above the speedway 600 of North and South direction among Fig. 6.The auxilliary road 620 of a two-way traffic is arranged on the limit of speedway 600 south orientations 3 track main roads, connecting 4 ring roads above it: 622,624,626 and 628.If auxilliary road 620 must not crossed in the zone of length under bridge by ring road 624 wagon flow that imports and the wagon flow that will remove ring road 628 so, certainly will have a strong impact on the unimpeded of main road 600 south orientation wagon flows, going up north to swim at bridge probably forms traffic jam.Auxilliary road 620 has been arranged now, and these traffic bottlenecks no longer exist, but the wagon flow 630 on the auxilliary road has formed a new turbulent region 640 when importing main road, might all result in blockage on main road and auxilliary road.If 600 south orientations are the directions of going down town, working peak period so in the morning, two-way traffic wagon flow 630 just causes main road and auxilliary road two stifled probably above the receiving (Absorbing) ability of main road 600.

At this situation, the present invention is recommended in two row's booths 650 of arranged outside and 660 in auxilliary road 620, respectively for importing main road again behind the vehicle queue in two tracks in auxilliary road.Two row's booths are not connected, that is to say, the wagon flow 652 of turnover row's booth 650 and 654 with the wagon flow 662 and 664 of turnover row booth 660 between do not cross.In order to utilize the Pai Ting space better and to embody the principle of fair-queueing, the appropriate location of auxilliary 620 upstreams, road will be provided with the current queuing time that electronic direction board shows two row's booths, allow each vehicle determine away the fast lane in auxilliary road or kerb lane to line up to enter corresponding row's booth in advance.

The car that has gone out row's booth stops at banister 670 and 672 back, lets pass according to the pattern of " throttling of up going port ring road ".The traffic lights of two banisters vehicle of alternately letting pass usually, 670 banister red lights among the figure, and the 672 banister green lights car of letting pass.After treating that this car leaves, 672 banister green lights switch to red light, and 670 banister red lights switch to car of green light clearance immediately.Two row's booths in this example are still only for middle-size and small-size vehicle queue usefulness, in case row's booth is enabled, the auxilliary road of two-way traffic originally is near being used for using for the oversize vehicle queuing with a section of main road joint.680 of banisters are opened oversize vehicle, leave to send a car from being advanced into the short track queuing of troop.The banister 682 of clearance oversize vehicle or 684 and control middle-size and small- size vehicle banister 670 and 672 are unified managements, generally be middle-size and small-size vehicle clearance frequency far above the oversize vehicle frequency of letting pass, but when almost having a full house in the oversize vehicle waiting area, its frequency of letting pass accordingly can increase automatically.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 7 come among quantitative analysis Fig. 6 the throttling of auxilliary road to morning traffic peak " peak clipping " (Peak-Clipping) act on and the vehicle queue time and row booth design capacity between relation.

The rate of discharge of row's booth represents that with heavy line it is a steady state value in the time period that Pai Ting enables among Fig. 7, and yes zero at row's booth down periods rate of discharge.Before the traffic lights of 670,672 two banisters, alternately let pass each one from the vehicle that row's booth comes out.Traffic lights computation of Period in 4.3 seconds with routine, the per minute summation vehicle flowrate of two banisters equals 2 * 60/4.3=27.9, consider to have indivedual red light cycle will prolong and start oversize vehicle slowly to allow banister 682,684 to let pass, the rate of discharge sum of two row's booths will be with 27/minute (or vpm, vehicles-per-minute) calculating.Though two row's booths are arranged,, below regard them as a global analysis because both queuing times equate substantially.

The vehicle flowrate that comes in auxilliary road is represented with a multistage broken line among Fig. 7, and relevant data is based on following reasonable assumption:

7:30, auxilliary road comes vehicle flowrate to rise to 27vpm, and row's booth begins to enable.Auxilliary road comes vehicle flowrate to last till 8:15 in the 7:45 value of peaking 35vpm and in this level.After this minimizing of sending a car of auxilliary road is fallen back to 27vpm to 8:30.Auxilliary road comes vehicle flowrate to continue to descend in later one hour, reduces to 15vpm to 9:30.

According to assisting the data of sending a car and arrange the booth rate of discharge in the road, as can be known in one of 7:30 to 8:30 hour, be detained vehicle in row's booth and increase gradually, be detained the number of vehicles value of peaking in the 8:30 row booth, calculate by " stagnant area only " trapezoidal area among Fig. 7: (30+60) * (35-27)/2=360

Accordingly 8:30 this constantly vehicle queue time of the row's of entering booth the longest, according to the intestine evacuation velocity of 27vpm, line up 360/27=13.3 minute.

Crossed 8:30, the rate of discharge of row's booth is higher than inlet flow rate, is detained car and reduces gradually, to well all emptyings of 9:30E, because " the clean emptying district " triangle area among Fig. 7 also is 60 * (27-15)/2=360

Queuing time in the row's of drawing booth is an inverted V-shaped broken line thus, and the queuing time of starting point 7:30 and terminal point 9:30 is zero, and the queuing time of broken line center 8:30 is 13.3 minutes, average queuing time 6.7 minutes.

Hold 360 car queuings, take up an area of 3 meters wide * 6 meter long calculating according to each car, add 25% auxiliary land used, the summation area of two row's booths is 360 * 3 * 6 * 1.25=8100 square metre, is equivalent to two 90 meters * 45 meters rectangle place.Can adopt 84 meters long row road, single voiding is approximately 14 cars.

Two row's booths are set up in parallel on auxilliary limit, road among Fig. 6, but in the place when rare these two row's booths also can be built into one two floor.

Do enabling of booth of row reached great peak clipping effect actually?

In one hour of 7:30 to 8:30, the average discharge of sending a car in auxilliary road is 27+360/60=33vpm, and the rate of discharge of row's booth is constant in 27vpm, so the peak clipping amplitude is (33-27)/33 * 100%=18.2%

As everyone knows, the probability that the bottleneck location of speedway peak period on and off duty routine occur to be stopped up on Friday is much lower, and probably only reduced about 10% than Tuesday, three, four relief bus flow Friday.So 18.2% peak clipping ability of this example row booth is very significant.If all up going port ring roads in main road upstream can be realized the throttling of close degree, original bottleneck 640 must be unblocked among Fig. 6 so.If the main road upstream is not equipped with the up going port throttling, the present invention also will introduce the traffic jam that other scheme is alleviated this grade separation hub after a while.

The setting of Pai Ting and row's bridge can be alleviated the traffic jam of ring road, auxilliary road and its expressway, upstream, arterial highway or bypass really, but has the traffic jam in many other kind of locations to be not suitable for solving with the means of the row's of setting booth.These special locations comprise narrow bridge or culvert, charge station above the speedway, the terminal junction of controlling with traffic lights, street of speedway, the turnover road of scenic spot before and after weekend and festivals or holidays is peripheral street or the speedway before and after the stadiums important sports events in addition.The traffic jam in these locations is also very serious sometimes, and stop-go tens minutes and even more than one hour are all possible.

These traffic jams or do not have economically viable scheme to eliminate, or for many years the time will changed reach common understanding, mobilize resettlement and raise fund and thoroughly eliminate traffic bottlenecks to start a great engineering.If but can have certain means can before taking final solution, just can reduce traffic congestion fuel oil waste that is caused and the discharging that is harmful to tail gas, reduce the loss on vehicle and road surface and alleviate the driver and passenger's fatigue (Wear﹠amp; Tear), the harm of traffic jam has just been eliminated most so.

For this reason, the present invention proposes to be provided with in the road of bottleneck upstream and multistagely enables automatically/the traffic lights banister of dormancy, and when taking place, traffic jam allow vehicle divide the section queuing current, go on foot a difficult traffic congestion of moving to one, be for conversion into stop of several minute, moved several minutes, " easily " of balmy and bracing blocks up.

Set forth the running of this cover traffic signal control system below in conjunction with Fig. 8.

The X point is a serious bottleneck among Fig. 8, the upstream divides section to be provided with a plurality of traffic lights banisters such as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, supposes that temporarily whole highway section does not have the side direction wagon flow to import (the operation change when hereinafter explanation being had the side direction wagon flow to import) from X to I.Each section traffic lights is in resting state when not having traffic jam, promptly traffic lights all do not work.When traffic jam occurred and upstream spreads, the red light of each section came into operation in succession, and it is disconnected that the long queue of will blocking up is cut into number.The car of (X-A) moves by original beat in that section of next-door neighbour's bottleneck, passes through bottleneck X with thicker dotted line 800 expression vehicles continuously with uniform flux among the figure; The car of the red light of A banister in downstream next-door neighbour section will switch to green light during emptying in advance, just in time need not wait when making first car of A-B section arrive bottleneck point X; Switch to green light in the whole emptyings of car of the red light of all banisters of B and upstream in the next-door neighbour's section of downstream; In case arbitrary banister green light is bright, switch back red light again after the whole emptying of vehicle in corresponding that section in its upstream; Follow the red light of each section to have the electronics countdown to show, so that driver's decision is flame-out waiting or the idle running of hot car.Represent the green light period of each banister among the figure with thicker line segment 810, and the blank of two green lights between the period of same banister represented the red signal interval of this banister.

For the convenience of narration principle, be example with the bicycle road, and the specified queueing capacity of each section it is 100.Correspondingly bottleneck X is tentative to that section of banister A is 800 meters long (distance between the vehicle and the vehicle velocity correlations that move ahead, but the spacing during certainly than flame-out the queuing is big), and other section is 600 meters (according to 5 meters of average vehicle commanders, adding 1 meter neutral gear).Bottleneck among Fig. 83 seconds (100 cars of emptying in 5 minutes) when automobile-used of letting pass, and the equispaced, upstream is sent a car one 1.8 seconds, can arrange completely section of accumulating 100 cars with 180 seconds (3 minutes).So traffic jam takes place, follow " tail " of the passing traffic congestion formation of time upstream to extend, indicate with chain-dotted line 820 among the figure.

Among Fig. 8, when timing begins 40 seconds, full 100 cars of X-A section row, A banister red light lights automatically, and No. 0 car stops in the red light back of A banister subsequently, waits to go with the 830 expression vehicles pauses of thinner dotted line among the figure.No. 0 car chance green light moves ahead in the time of 5 minutes and 0 second, and this moment, there was 800 meters spacious road nearly in the place ahead, and No. 0 car steadily quickens, and passes card X (average speed per hour is 72 kms) after travelling 40 seconds.Among the figure with thinner solid line 840 expression vehicles in time passing and move forward.--this is 5 minutes and 40 seconds constantly.

The green light that the A banister lights makes the car in the A-B section roughly start one every 1 second sequentially, No. 99 car (not drawing among the figure) that coexists the A-B section but be queued at the end of queue so just start after 100 seconds that lagged behind moves ahead, this moment, the place ahead had tens cars to proceed like a school of fishes, one after the other, road speed is slower, and No. 99 car passes the A banister and come X-A section tail of the queue after passing by 600 meters (average speed per hour 43.2 kms) 50 seconds of travelling.The red light of A banister lights immediately.Just be based on this computation model, the green light period of all banisters all is 150 seconds (two fens halfs) among Fig. 8, and red light also is 150 seconds.And when the green light of certain banister extinguished, green light of its next-door neighbour's upstream zone just lighted, then one 2.5 minutes be that " the green light wave " at interval (Rolling-Green-Lights) begins upstream from the A banister that banister one tunnel spreads.

Stopping in the red light back that No. 200 car just lighted at the C banister in 6 minutes and 40 seconds, moves ahead at 10 minutes 0 second chance green light, and this moment, there was 600 meters spacious road in the place ahead, stopped in the red light back of B banister after travelling 30 seconds.After 2 minutes (this is 12 minutes half constantly), B banister red light becomes green light, and No. 200 car stops with the red light back of 30 second time arrival A banister.Spent 2 minutes again, A banister green light is bright, passes card X after No. 200 car travelled 40 seconds.--this is 15 minutes and 40 seconds constantly.

No. 299 car stopped at tail of the queue in 9 minutes and 40 seconds, the C banister originates in green light cycle of 10 minutes 0 second and starts in No. 299 cars of 11 minutes 40 second wheels to the after through 100 seconds and move ahead, similar to aforementioned No. 99 car, pass the C banister after No. 299 car travelled 50 seconds and stop at B-C section tail of the queue.This is 12 minutes half constantly, and the B banister has just begun the next green light cycle, is again just to take turns to No. 299 car after 100 seconds to move ahead, and has used 50 seconds these cars to pass the B banister and has stopped at section A-B tail of the queue.Waited for 100 seconds again, No. 299 car moves on, and passes the A banister after 50 seconds and comes X-A section tail of the queue, and this is 17 minutes half constantly.Move in 150 seconds at X-A section end from A-B section end at No. 299 cars, No. 200 car arrived bottleneck X in the 40th second, after this a car passes through average per 3 seconds, so when No. 299 cars are come X-A section tail of the queue, (150-40)/3=36.7 car is arranged in the middle of 100 cars of original same section by bottleneck X.

800 Mi Lunei in No. 299 car the place ahead still have 63.3 cars to want bottleneck X, come No. 299 car time spent 63.3 * 3=190 second of section tail of the queue, and promptly 3 minutes and 10 seconds just through passageway card X.--this is 20 minutes and 40 seconds constantly.At the X-A section, the average speed per hour of No. 299 car is slower than through C-B and B-A section the time, is (800 meters/190 seconds) * 3600 seconds=15.2 kms.

Sum up above 0,200 and No. 299 car each banister of process and the parking of Dao Ka, the rule of travelling, can make following deduction:

The car waits for how long continuing to move ahead after tail of the queue stops, decide on the state of " the green light wave " of the place ahead banister.This time is respectively 4 minutes 20 seconds, 3 minutes 20 seconds and 2 minutes for 0,200,299 3 car.

When same car of promotes down " promoting " (passing a whole queuing section) at " green light wave ", stop that to distribute with running time be constant, but for the vehicle of diverse location in the section, this row is inequality with the time distribution that stops.For No. 200 leading car of section,, wait for 2 minutes then and pass through next time as long as just can pass through a section in 30 seconds; And No. 299 car at section end driven a vehicle 50 seconds, was then to stop 100 seconds.Be in other middle car of section, running time, down time was between 120 seconds and 100 seconds between 30 seconds and 50 seconds.

The car, does not wait to 3 minutes 10 seconds (as No. 299 car at section end) from 40 seconds (as first the 0th, No. 200 car of section) to the running time the road card X from banister A.

The length of the tentative X-A section of preamble is 800 meters, in order that form the obstruction of 100 cars in the X-A section before the A banister is enabled, to echo X bottleneck emptyings in 5 minutes hypothesis once.Yet when No. 299 cars leap A banisters enter the X-A section, the place ahead has only 63.3 cars to wait for bottleneck X, thus in " divide section queuing " when entering steady-state operation, the X-A section only needs 63.3 * 9=570 rice (according to the average speed of X-A section vehicle, it is more reasonable that each car on average occupies 9 meters spaces), even stay surplus, 600 meters long also enough.Or actually and 100 cars of 63 cars in the starting stage X-A section, the just A banister of change is moment of lighting of green light for the first time, the traffic lights beat of each banister after not influencing.

As can be seen, when " promoting ", all be longer than running time by down time between each parking section to be gone for vehicle.There have the part car can be chosen in parking period to be flame-out, saved fuel oil certainly and reduced blowdown; Even the car of those hot car idle running is also than not adopting the back one that divides the section queuing to quicken with moving, brake, quicken to have reduced again oil consumption and blowdown.Divide the level of comfort of riding after the section queuing to be much improved, the traffic accident odds also descends significantly.

As for the queuing section that " empty-as to expire " that dynamically occur in green light wave diffusion process replaces, the traffic congestion formation is become divide section queuing way before longer than adopting? answer is, the way it goes, but problem is not serious.This is because vehicle only needs very little distance each other during the queuing of stopping, and has offset the influence of vacant section to queue length on certain degree.

With among Fig. 8 15 minutes 40 seconds this be example constantly, No. 200 car just arrives bottleneck X point, and No. 500 car just come the red light back of tail of the queue F banister.So 300 cars between the two are in occupation of X-A-B-C-D-E-F totally 6 sections, formation length overall 6 * 600=3600 rice.If adopt to divide the section queuing, the space, road surface (9 meters of per cars) that occupies of these 300 cars will be 300 * 9=2700 rice so.So divide the section queuing to make traffic congestion troop prolong low cost and the effective of (3600-2700)/2700 * 100%=33% in view of " queuing of branch section ", this cost is worth paying.

Fig. 9 is the traffic lights control flow chart of section of respectively lining up in the road, and itself has been detailed understands, repeats no more.

Above do not have the side direction wagon flow to import in the whole highway section of temporary transient hypothesis X-I when explaining the scheme of dividing the section queuing, this hypothesis often is false in the practical application.Such as one or several up going port just may be contained in the long traffic congestion location of several kms on the speedway.In this case, about up going port must be implemented the throttling measure that divides section queuing to coordinate mutually with main road,, intermittently advance the main road queuing from up going port many batches of vehicles of letting pass according to the switching beat of section traffic lights.

Having a wagon flow to import point with the D-E section is example, whenever the whole emptyings of the vehicle of D-E section and the green light of banister D reddens in the lamp, horse back does not switch to green light with the red light of E banister, but the red light of up going port throttling banister is switched to green light, and a collection of vehicle of letting pass is lined up in the D-E section.By the time up going port throttling banister is got back to red light phase, " promotes " with the vehicle of green light clearance E-F section again.This time the part car at E-F section end can't be finished in the period at the green light of E banister and promote--and they " have been fallen behind " in other words, because the vehicle that the D-E section has been imported by up going port accounts for one section.When treating that E banister red light lights, F banister green light just in time lights and the vehicle of clearance F-G section, and the part in them will lump together with the car that the E-F section has been fallen behind the next green light period of waiting for the E banister.Again down, F banister red light lights and G banister green light is let pass, and originally the F-G section car of having fallen behind will lump together the next green light period of wait F banister with the part car of G-H section.Thus and thus, divide the vehicle of section queuing to realize Methodistic converging on the wagon flow of up going port remittance and the main road.

Get back to Fig. 6 now, row's booth is after the peak clipping to the wagon flow realization 18.2% on the auxilliary road, and the collaborative throttling that also depends on each up going port of main road upstream could be eliminated the obstruction in bottleneck location 640.If 600 upstreams, expressway are of long standing and well established, then all adopt ring road throttling facility at each up going port, both uneconomical, also unfair--for those the upstream section travel and and without the vehicle in bottleneck location 640.

During upstream not throttling, is what situation bottleneck 640? because and the existence of road turbulent flow, the saturation flow amount of the bottleneck point 640 3 track per minutes among Fig. 6 is approximately 90, and the vehicle flowrate optimal value of letting pass from row's booth is 27vpm, and this just means that main road is sent a car and will occur blocking up above 63vpm.But do not take in the upstream under the situation of any throttling measure, sending a car above the three track main roads of peak period the highlyest may reach 80vpm (expressway 600 have part upstream sent a car the branch diffluence expressway 610), stopping up must appear in location, 640 upstream in main road, and the wagon flow of the 27vpm that comes out from row's booth also can't import main road smoothly.In case obstruction takes place, the through-current capacity of bottleneck point 640 is assigned to main road and may be respectively 58vpm and 24vpm with the flow that row's booth exports usually than the only remaining 82vpm of the 90vpm decline 10%--of critical traffic congestion worse.Consequently arrange booth and have to force down rate of discharge, correspondingly arranging the booth design capacity will enlarge, and the queuing time of sending a car in auxilliary upstream, road prolongs.

At of the traffic turbulent flow caused obstruction of this class because of big flow and road, the present invention further proposes expressway traffic bottlenecks " replacement therapy ": track on having a mind to the limit of shutoff in original highway section, bottleneck upstream, to form " an optimum bottleneck " that turbulent flow is not serious, make original " pernicious bottleneck " owing to the throttling action that bottleneck newly appears in the upstream has not existed.Bottleneck is replaced and can be allowed its through-current capability of optimum bottleneck of having a mind to be provided be higher than original pernicious bottleneck usually.Use the present invention to divide the section queuing strategy again in the road that preamble proposes in new bottleneck upstream, public's bottleneck that is bound to more take like a shot is replaced therapy.

Illustrate the concrete operations that bottleneck is replaced below in conjunction with Figure 10 and Figure 11.

Figure 10 draws on the basis of Fig. 6.The grade separation hub in this auxilliary road of band, bottleneck location originally is 640 among Fig. 6.The scheme that proposes by the present invention is stopped up outermost track 1000 nearby in the upstream now,, enables " dividing the section queuing in the road " after obstruction occurs automatically simultaneously at upstream device multi-region section traffic lights " banister ".

By three original traffic lane contractions is after two lane highways pass through, new traffic bottlenecks 1010 have occurred, the main road through-current capacity drops to 60vpm and (still is higher than original 640 bottlenecks traffic congestion through-current capacity herein, 58vpm), the row of adding booth rate of discharge 27vpm (also is higher than bottleneck at effective rate of discharge of 640 o'clock, 24vpm), thereby be 87 of per minutes, no longer include to stop up and take place by the vehicle flowrate of bottleneck point 640 among original Fig. 6.If bottleneck point 1010 upstreams have one hour the vehicle flowrate that comes to be higher than 60vpm in a rush-hour, and average vehicle flow is 70vpm, delay unloading 60 * (70-60)=600 of sons of codeposition in a hour then, the longest queuing time 600/60=10 minute.This queuing time was than short 3.3 minutes of the longest queuing time in row's booth 650 and 660, although the queuing in row's booth is lighter, this car of walking main road also can not go to auxilliary road to detour basically.

These 600 cars overstock in three track main roads during the traffic congestion peak, 200 in average per car road, and its total length is about 1200 meters if end to end parking is lined up.Should 400 meters a traffic lights banister be set in the interval, the queueing capacity of each section is 200, and a traffic lights cycle of arbitrary banister is that 200/60=3 divided 20 seconds.And be to subtract the bottleneck 1010 that occurs to needing 500 meters road surfaces first traffic lights banister 1020 from the people, this is the result who takes all factors into consideration following three factors: 3 tracks become 2 tracks gradually and make in the road unit length accumulate number of vehicles to descend; Vehicle will keep the steady and road of big distance ability; Dynamically accumulating gross vehicle in this highway section when dividing the section queuing to enter stable state is to be less than 200.

Be similar to the queuing section that " empty-full " in 15 minutes 40 seconds those moment replaces among preamble Fig. 8, these 600 vehicles of lining up in main road of peak period are actual will to capture 5 each queuing sections of 400 meters long, add a section 500 meters from new bottleneck to the first road traffic lights, there is 5 * 400+500=2500 rice in troop when the longest.

Before not adopting bottleneck to replace it, the main road through-current capacity has only 58vpm, and it is more longer that corresponding upstream comes vehicle flowrate to be higher than period of 58vpm, calculates with 65 minutes, has 65 * (70-58)=780 cars to be blocked when then blocking up the peak.260 in average per car road.Take 9 meters road surfaces according to the average per car of routine traffic congestion point and calculate, traffic congestion peak time-division troop's length is 260 * 9=2340 rice.And come the vehicle of traffic congestion tail of the queue this moment, and spend 780/58=13.4 minute ability by bottleneck 640, this means that the peak value that bottleneck is replaced the traffic residence time has reduced (13.4-10)/13.4=25.4%

In this example,, reduce the negative effect basic neutralisation that the troop that the queuing of scoring area section is brought prolongs and make the peak overstock number of vehicles because of the through-current capacity of artificial bottleneck is higher than original high turbulent bottleneck.Divide the section queuing only to make traffic congestion troop prolong (2500-2340)/2340 * 100%=6.8%.

Other several segments road card does not omit and draws among Figure 10.Tail of the queue during the traffic congestion top is in the drawings with sawtooth curve 1030 expressions.Accompanying with the red light of each road card also needs countdown to show, makes things convenient for the driver to determine flame-out the wait or the idle running of hot car.Since in the same section vehicle of diverse location next green light in the period the actual moment of setting out be different, therefore this countdown device is necessary to be provided with some places in each section.Pause and the dynamic details that moves ahead as for vehicle in each section, can repeat no more here with reference to the detailed explanation of preamble for Fig. 8.

The auxilliary road of the nothing of Figure 11 clover leaf interchange hinge, the east-west autostrada 1110 of inter-bank above the speedway 1100 in each 4 track, north and south.Originally when not adopting bottleneck to replace therapy, by 1110 west to the wagon flow 1120 of changeing 1100 south orientations with go the wagon flow 1130 of 1110 east orientations under overpass bridge, to cross in the short distance by 1100 south orientations, be introduced into, tell the vehicle flowrate that the characteristics of leaving after the wagon flow 1130 have more strengthened the district that crosses and import wagon flow 1120, therefore the traffic bottlenecks that form under bridge are had a greatly reduced quality the vehicular circulation ability of expressway 1100 south orientations.

The traffic bottlenecks alternative that adopts the present invention to propose, the shutoff outermost track, upstream 1140 of speedway 1100 south orientations one side old bottleneck under bridge is provided with traffic lights banister 1160 (the more banister in upstream does not draw) again to form new optimum bottleneck 1150 in the upstream.

Speedway 1100 north orientations one side, and the replacement of the bottleneck above the east-west direction speedway 1110 are not difficult to follow the prescribed rules.Also having a kind of may be that the expressway 1110 of east-west direction itself is not really busy, and after the expressway, north-south realizes that bottleneck replaces it, and wagon flow 1120 and 1170 is smooth and easy and do not produce plug-back, then just there is no need to carry out bottleneck above 1110 and replaces.Have again a kind of possibility be originally wagon flow 1130 easily in the morning the peak period stop up, relatively 1180 easily between the lights the peak period stop up, now because 1170 unimpededly make 1130 also to become unblocked, but 1180 still stop up.In this case can be at 1180 arranged outside rows booth to eliminate the plug-back that occurs to the track in 1180 ring roads and 1110 west, upstream.

Divide the section queuing in the road, can be applied to the upper and lower opening ring road of speedway equally, prerequisite is that original ring road will be through just having enough flows that holds to prevent that plug-back from appearring in the expressway of ring road upstream or arterial highway after the lengthening.

Such as the bridge 540 among Fig. 5 connects originally is row's booth 555, if surrounding space allows, row's booth ring road that can be detoured replaces, and large, medium and small vehicle imports bypass via the traffic lights crossing after dividing the section queuing above the ring road again detouring.And original ring road 510 can become the bus designated lane.

Ring road anti-clogging and the traffic lights crossing of saying the diamond interchange crossing for another example increase through-current capacity, can take the scheme of Figure 12, key wherein be corresponding down going port and up going port each newly repaiied one " ring road detours ", not only greatly prolong than original ring road, and the big or small vehicle ring road of all walking to detour, only stay bus and special duty's vehicle and continue to use original ring road, make the traffic lights at original busy diamond interchange crossing no longer need frequent switching, it is very unimpeded that the arterial highway wagon flow becomes.

The arterial highway 1200 of North and South direction is passed through under the bridge of speedway among Figure 12, and 1202 and 1204 are respectively original down going port and up going port ring road, and 1206 is the permanent construction that is difficult for resettlement around arterial highway and the ring road.1210 and 1220 are respectively the ring road that detours of proposed by the invention, corresponding down going port and up going port, and most of section of the ring road that detours is a two-way traffic, to improve the stream ability of holding of ring road.And for the down going port ring road that detours, two-way traffic can make the separately queuing of vehicle that flows to arterial highway 1200 North and South directions; For the up going port ring road that detours, two-way traffic is improved the traffic capacity of banister 1222.

The bridge 1230 of crossing over arterial highway 1200 has two one way roads, and the wagon flow direction all is from West to East, flows to identical with the half of expressway of drawing among the figure.Bridge 1230 is detour parts of ring road of up going port from the nearer track 1232 of intersection, for the arterial highway south orientation vehicle curved up going port that goes of turning left; Another track 1234 is detour parts of ring road of down going port, provides descending vehicle to remove the passage of arterial highway north orientation.

Down going port detours among Figure 12, and to divide first banister of section queuing be 1212 for the sweep of turning right (vehicle import arterial highway south orientation) of ring road, and it is 1214 that the sweep of turning left (vehicle imports the arterial highway north orientation) divides first banister of section queuing; The up going port branch section of ring road its first banister of lining up that detours is 1224.Lining up can be equipped with a plurality of section banisters when longer, does not draw among the figure.

The bus that comes out from down going port can utilize the remote controller of in-vehicle apparatus to open banister 1240 and enter original down going port ring road, and 1242 on-board and off-board are AT STATION arrived induction point 1244 then and waited for green light signals.This green light signals can link in the stand-by period of induction point 1244 with bus, such as green light is bright after bus waits 1 minute, and the bus for the treatment of all right here waitings is all by returning red light after the traffic lights crossing.Bus this crossing can about turn round, or move forward into original up going port ring road 1204--and be equivalent to bus and utilize and go above getting back to the expressway after original ring road on-board and off-board.

When the bus of arterial highway south orientation will remove the expressway east orientation among Figure 12, do not turn left curved at the traffic lights crossing, but 1232 tracks of bridge on after passing the traffic lights crossing, utilize remote controller to open banister 1250 in the place of just having passed a bridge, entering north orientation track, arterial highway opens banister 1260 after continuing and advances the on-board and off-board of original up going port ring road, wait for a green light in banister 1262 back then, usually the clearance of bus has precedence over detour vehicle above the ring road of up going port.

Its main pluses and minuses of scheme of " ring road+bridge detours " scheme of Figure 12 and Fig. 3 " row's booth+row's bridge " can be compared as follows:

both can both eliminate effectively that ring road stops up and the plug-back that causes thus to the influence of expressway and arterial highway, and improve the arterial highway with the traffic capacity of expressway intersectional region.The both provides bus quick passage.

row booth has the function of parking concurrently, and is attractive for the city that the parking lot lacks; The ring road that detours does not then have this function.

Row road in the row booth is a parallel organization, is fit to the flame-out queuing of vehicle, and driver and passenger are fully had a rest, fuel-economizing and to alleviate the effect of environment pollution remarkable; Detouring, the branch section queuing of vehicle is a serial structure above the ring road, car stops when queuing and " promoting " replaces, though driver and passenger can not fully be had a rest, sensation is better than step one traffic congestion of moving, and fuel-economizing is to a certain degree also arranged and alleviate the effect of environment pollution.

row bridge provides the bidirectional turn passage for the middle-size and small-size vehicle on the arterial highway, but the bridge of the ring road that detours is only reversed end for end for the bus of a direction.

The construction of row booth need become the rectangle vacant lot of piece, and this condition is difficult to be met sometimes; And the ring road that detours can utilize space between the existing building thing more neatly with the form of viaduct.

The structure and the wagon flow control of row bridge are comparatively complicated; And the bridge that connects the ring road that detours is simple relatively.

Row's booth of Fig. 3 only supplies middle-size and small-size vehicle queue, and oversize vehicle is lined up on original ring road, and it is fair and reasonable to make the difficulty of alternately letting pass between the medium and small vehicle that oversize vehicle and row come out in the booth accomplish; And the ring road that detours allows large, medium and small vehicle be equal to queuing, and is fair and reasonable.

Some newly industrializing countries limit even forbid that oversize vehicle uses incity, city speedway in peak period on and off duty, the promoting the use of of this situation favourable " row's booth+row's bridge ".There has not been oversize vehicle, can use the design scheme of Figure 12, old ring road among Fig. 3 302,304 is used to do the bus designated lane, and the wagon flow control above the two-way lane 344 of row's bridge does not become simple because there being the highest bus of priority level yet.

Opposite with the newly industrializing country, the speedway network of developed country whole day is basically opened to all vehicles, if adopt the current mode of queuing to alleviate traffic jam, its queuing scheme must be considered the fair-queueing of various vehicles as far as possible so.For this reason, the another kind of alternative that the row road of the row's of the present invention proposes booth is provided with is called " redundant auxilliary road ", and the fair-queueing that can realize large, medium and small vehicle below is illustrated with reference to Figure 13.

Figure 13 draws on the basis of Fig. 6 and Figure 10, replace 650,660 two side by side row's booths be one group three, respectively be the row road of two-way traffic: that section that auxilliary road 1300 closes on the main road joint is utilized to arrange road 1310 as article one, what the outside was parallel substantially with it is two other row road 1320 and 1330, seems to resemble to have set up two " redundancies " auxilliary road outside original auxilliary road.Article three, the row road can be a unequal length, and they have the access separately and the railing of engaging in this profession, but the throttling banister 1340 before the public remittance main road.Zoning section again in each is arranged, the front end of each section have traffic lights banister and corresponding red light countdown to show.

When 1340 had just started throttling, the access railing 1312 in article one row road and the railing 1314 of engaging in this profession were open simultaneously, and the access railing 1322 and 1332 in second and third row road is closed.Vehicle is the trend of accumulation gradually in the first row road, finally at a time its tail of the queue has extended near the access railing 1312, this moment, the access railing 1312 in the first row road was closed automatically, and the access railing 1322 in the second row road is opened simultaneously, and new car is imported into the second row road queuing.

When the first row road access railing is closed, traffic lights banister 1316 all red lights that show in its row road, so have only the interior vehicle of that section of the most close throttling banister 1340 to move the static wait green light of car in other section forward along with the clearance beat of throttling banister.Car in section is during almost totally by the throttling banister, and the vehicle of next section is given green light and comes throttling banister back straight." traffic lights wave " and " promoting " that minute section (serial) is lined up in this point and the road that Fig. 8 describes is remarkable different, and Fig. 8 will soar out with the afterbody section and admit vehicle by the green light wave; And send a car and be imported into next bar (walking abreast) row road in the upstream of Figure 13, and the car of each section should wait for calmly that blocking by nothing of the place ahead move to exempt unnecessary promoting.

By the time each section vehicle in the first row road is emptied completely back (banister 1340 back also have some cars), its railing 1314 of engaging in this profession is closed, and access railing 1312 keeps closed condition, so the first row road is vacant stand-by.At this moment the car that takes turns to the second row road has been gone on a journey, and the railing of engaging in this profession of its correspondence is open, and no matter in this row road car whether full, access railing 1322 is closed immediately, send a car and be imported into its access railing 1332 openings of next vacant row road 1330--in the upstream.Then inner each the section traffic lights in the second row road show red light.Each the section emptying operation of the second row road is as good as with the aforementioned first row road.

Thus and thus respectively arrange dynamically " emptying-include in " vehicle, each vehicle of arranging is accumulated this those length that disappear, and the current state shown in Figure 13 is: the first row road is just in emptying, and the second row road is full, and vehicle is being included in the 3rd row road in.Can find that if before first row's evacuating pipeline, the 3rd row road promptly enters full state, plug-back will appear in then auxilliary 1300 upstreams, road.Can satisfy the peak period and use if always total N bar row road, the summation that will guarantee N-1 short row road when then designing hold the car amount.

If three row roads of Figure 13 are equal length, if will reach the same design capacity of the double booth of Fig. 6, the peak is held 360 in car and is meaned that each row road is wanted to accumulate 180 cars (90 in per car road) among Figure 13, long 540 meters of row road.Divide six sections each row road again, 90 meters of every segment lengths, 30 cars of volume (15 cars in every section bicycle road), under the throttling lock control of 27vpm, every 30/27 minute, the vehicle of a section of opening in promptly 67 seconds moved ahead so.

The design in three isometric row roads of Figure 13 has a defective: before traffic congestion is full from the beginning of, article one row road, section traffic lights banister in the row road is not enabled still, all vehicles move forward along with the clearance beat of throttling banister in the auxilliary road, are the excruciating again stop-gos of a kind of expense fare oil.Take up an area of 9 meters calculating with each car, wait for when 2 * 540/9=120 car is detained the optimization pattern that could trigger " static queuing+minute section is let pass ", and before this, the lag time of the vehicle that is blocked has reached 120/27=4.4 minute.

Therefore when actual design, manage to shorten the preceding traffic congestion time of beginning of lining up: or still adopt isometric row road but increase row road number and shorten first length of arranging the road; Adopt other long row road and the scheme that combines than the first short row road; Perhaps allow the traffic congestion formation in the first row road when having only half or part length in row road, begin static queuing.

The row road that adopts " redundant auxilliary road " to form with the grade separation hub in the auxilliary road of Figure 13 band is similar, row's booth on the ring road limit at rhombus, clover leaf interchange crossing also can adopt the row road of " redundant ring road " to be provided with, even the ring road that detours of Figure 12 also can use the ring road that detours of some " redundancies " to form parallel row road endways, according to the rule of first in first out the emptying vehicle of rotating between the car row road arranged respectively.Redundant ring road (or auxilliary road) formula row road also can be built in the bottom of many floors row booths, is nothing but the headroom of floor to be strengthened including the queuing of oversize vehicle in, and the floor headroom design routinely in the same old way of parking upstairs, only for middle-size and small-size vehicle use.

So to adopting " short row road Pai Ting ", still adopt redundant ring road (or auxilliary road) formula " long row road Pai Ting ", have or not the suitable plot of size near mainly seeing ring road (or auxilliary road) for large, medium and small vehicle queue only for middle-size and small-size vehicle queue.

In sum, the queuing of branch section, bottleneck replacement in Pai Ting, the Pai Qiao that the present invention proposes, bus designated lane, the road, detour ring road and redundant ring road schemes such as (auxilliary roads) and facility use flexibly, and combine with existing up going port ring road throttling technology, surely to highway communication safe and smooth, bigger contribution is made in the compression of automobile fuel consumption and blowdown.

Claims (23)

1. highway communication facility that is called " row's booth " is connected with the auxilliary road of up going port ring road, down going port ring road or the grade separation hub of speedway, in order to receive vehicle to enter in it queuing or to park.

2. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, its queuing zone rule of thumb data regularly enters running status in every day or fixedly period weekly; Also can use the queuing zone when being detained to open automatically when number of vehicles surpasses certain threshold value based on to being detained the real-time detection of number of vehicles on ring road or the auxilliary road; Perhaps both combine and determine when to enable Pai Ting.

3. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, its queuing zone is made up of some " row road " (queuing passages).The two ends in each bar row road are provided with the access railing and the railing of engaging in this profession; Sequence of cars on ring road or the auxilliary road enters the row road that the access railing is opened, the end to end queuing of stopping; When the fleet in the row road reached nominal length, the access railing was closed, and the access railing in next bar row road is opened to include the car queuing in simultaneously; The unlatching of railing of engaging in this profession is carried out respectively having to rotate between the car row road according to the rule of first in first out; Engage in this profession railing in case open, treat just to close again after rolling stock in this row road drives away, include vehicle in for next round and get ready; Long row road can be divided into several sections, controls the order emptying of each section in the same row road with traffic lights.

4. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, original ring road of speedway or auxilliary road can be used as a conventional row road of row's booth, for large, medium and small vehicle queue; Original ring road or auxilliary road also can not serve as conventional row road, but as the special use queuing passage of oversize vehicle, perhaps as the special-purpose express passway of bus.

5. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, its row road can be bicycle road or multilane.

6. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, the queuing " ramp " of taxi special use can be arranged in its queuing zone: a visite that advances to arrange is steeper, taxi relies on power to go up a slope, having crossed sloping top is long slow descending, the car that has stopped working can rely on the self gravitation neutral to slide at this, like this taxi time length of receiving guests of no matter lining up is lighted a fire before all only in the end will rolling the ramp away from.

7. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, the clearance of the vehicle that its inner pool is put hockets with the clearance of arranging the vehicle of lining up in road and ring road/auxilliary road.Taxi can have the visitor promptly to let pass, and perhaps alternately lets pass with preceding two kinds of wagon flows.

8. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, the queuing time that vehicle is estimated in its current vacant park space and row's booth has real-time demonstration at the speedway of upstream and the remarkable position of arterial highway.

9. row's booth as claimed in claim 1, each arranges front end has electronic installation to show the expectation queuing time of respectively arranging.

10. row's booth as claimed in claim 1 can two parallel big vehicle flowrates of admitting from same ring road or auxilliary road of row's booth.Advance car, queuing, the clearance of two row's booths are independently carried out, but there is electronics to show the current queuing time of two row's booths in the upstream in ring road or auxilliary road, so that the driver determines into which row's booth queuing, the result of dynamic equilibrium makes that the queuing time of two row's booths is identical substantially.

11. row's booth at a suitable diamond interchange crossing and " row's bridge " combination means of transportation, its row's spanning is got on the arterial highway, and two ends are connected with the down going port row's booth and the up going port row booth of both sides, arterial highway respectively.

12. Pai Ting as claimed in claim 11 and the combination of row's bridge, this combination provides the curved stereo channel of turning left of arranging booth from down going port row booth to the arterial highway, from the arterial highway to the up going port to vehicle, the curved vehicle density thereby turn left in the traffic lights crossing that alleviates diamond interchange improves the arterial highway through-current capability.Arranging bridge simultaneously provides the facility of priority pass to bus.Row's bridge also provides the path of tune to the middle-size and small-size vehicle on the arterial highway.

13. Pai Ting as claimed in claim 11 and row's bridge combination, its down going port row booth will be originally from the ring road curved vehicle that goes to the arterial highway of turning right, curvedly go to the vehicle subregion of arterial highway other direction independently to line up with originally turning left.The outlet of two formations separates, and does not get back on original down going port ring road: the curved vehicle of originally turning right is in the right side, somewhere, downstream at traffic lights crossing, arterial highway remittance people arterial highway; Originally the curved vehicle of turning left imports the arterial highway in the right side, somewhere, upstream at traffic lights crossing, arterial highway after arranging bridge crossing.The queuing time length of two troops is irrelevant mutually, depends on that the vehicle number of formation separately and vehicle roll the easy degree that imports the arterial highway behind row's booth away from.

14. Pai Ting as claimed in claim 11 and the combination of row's bridge, originally turn right by the arterial highway in its up going port row booth and bend the vehicle that removes the up going port ring road, originally turn left behind the curved vehicle queue that removes the up going port ring road by the let pass banister back of up going port ring road of unified beat with the arterial highway other direction, put the vehicle of lining up in back trip vehicle and the ring road/auxilliary road with the inner pool of row's booth and the bus timesharing that comes from the bus dedicated Lanes by speedway on the banister.The unified beat of up going port row booth clearance vehicle, guarantee vehicle from the arterial highway both direction on via this row's booth during the expressway queuing time cardinal principle identical.

15. Pai Ting as claimed in claim 11 and the combination of row's bridge, its row's bridge can have one or more tracks, its track can be one-way street or two-way street, and two way zone is wherein guaranteed both direction by control system wagon flow timesharing is by bridge floor and give the right of bus priority pass.

16. Pai Ting as claimed in claim 11 and the combination of row's bridge have been warded off the bus designated lane in the outside of row's booth, the feasible bus that comes from the down going port ring road can be walked around down going port row's booth and through highway; The bus that comes from the arterial highway can be walked around up going port row's booth and the banister of through up going port ring road; And the bus that comes out from down going port the designated lane limit stop finished on-board and off-board after, also need not arrive the banister of up going port ring road through row's booth; The banister prior-release bus of up going port ring road.

17. one kind make in highway that vehicle divides that section queuing lets pass traffic signal control system, be arranged in the road of traffic bottlenecks upstream, its each section traffic lights are in resting state when not having traffic jam, promptly traffic lights all do not work; When traffic jam occurred and upstream spreads, the traffic lights of each section came into operation in succession.

18. traffic signal control system as claimed in claim 17, when in section, not having side direction to import wagon flow, the car of the red light of each section in the next-door neighbour's section of its downstream will emptying or switched to green light during emptying, by the time switch back red light again after the whole emptying of vehicle in the next-door neighbour's section of its upstream.

19. traffic signal control system as claimed in claim 17, when having side direction remittance wagon flow to exist in certain section, the vehicle of queuing is delayed at corresponding its beat of " promoting " of section in the main road, and the vehicle that is released a collection of side direction remittance people advances main road and lines up.

20. traffic signal control system as claimed in claim 17 follows the red light of each section to have the electronics countdown to show.

21. autostrada main road throttling scheme that is called " bottleneck replacement ", original " pernicious bottleneck " replaced to form a through-current capability higher " optimum bottleneck " in track on have a mind to the limit of shutoff in the highway section, upstream of original turbulent serious traffic neck.

22. one kind connect the speedway upper and lower opening, than the longer ring road that detours of original ring road, connect down going port detour ring road with large, medium and small vehicle guidance to the arterial highway or above the bypass than original ring road decanting point wagon flow location comparatively smoothly; The ring road that detours that connects up going port then allows large, medium and small vehicle shunt out than the original ring road drop less interference arterial highway or the location of bypass traffic; Down going port the detour The initial segment of ring road of the latter end of ring road and up going port that detours constitutes a bridge of crossing over the arterial highway together, provides vehicle at the curved stereo channel of turning left that detours between ring road and the arterial highway.

23. the ring road that detours as claimed in claim 22 utilizes ring road length to carry out the queuing of branch section to accumulate and the clearance vehicle.

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