CN1966858A - Convenient and efficient mass transportation system composed mostly of zoned type circulation routes - Google Patents
Convenient and efficient mass transportation system composed mostly of zoned type circulation routes Download PDFInfo
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- CN1966858A CN1966858A CN 200610073078 CN200610073078A CN1966858A CN 1966858 A CN1966858 A CN 1966858A CN 200610073078 CN200610073078 CN 200610073078 CN 200610073078 A CN200610073078 A CN 200610073078A CN 1966858 A CN1966858 A CN 1966858A
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Abstract
The invention decides a system design principle 1-8, with plan 1-9 as zoned circulating route, adding relevant road protection equipment represented by plan 10-18, coordinated with a flexible and humane management, getting rid of all kinds of defects of the back and forth route, with convenience, swiftness, efficient in running and energy, with good overall effect. It can solve all kinds of traffic jams, disequilibrium of passenger carrying, for the convenience of shifting cars, realizing humane management and fairness. It is small in investment, quick in effect, profitable, doubling operation capacity, attracting more people to take public transportation, alleviating urban traffic pressure, saving energy, achieving the goal of harmonious society.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of public transportation system, especially based on the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient of partition type recycle circuit.
At present, the public transportation system in a country, area, city is made up of the various vehicles, relevant road equipment usually, and has corresponding management method to guarantee to move.Because often there is defective in the public transport general layout of the original formation of development of society: the round one-line circuit that is connected into line by each website is the main mode that adopts usually, because every circuit is independent separately, lack pool, be difficult to solve conveniently and the contradiction between quick; Circuit repeats to flock together, and causes various blocking up, and can not bring into play comprehensive benefit; Circuit is disorderly and unsystematic, and it is difficult to seek suitable circuit of oneself going on a journey; Inefficiency often appears in initial two ends, can not accomplish the efficient carrying of balance; The different periods of some circuits come and go the unbalanced efficient that also influences of passenger flow; When by the different circuit carryings at same station when unbalanced, since the unreasonable passenger of ticket system originally can take pass through a station earlier arrive the destination than changing to suitable circuit behind the ceases to be busy road vehicles again, but have to spend more time and wait for crowded through special line vehicle for saving expenditure; By bus stop spacing trip ground, destination are usually far, and the passenger changes to inconvenience midway, needs the very long distance of walking sometimes, and the time spent is more, and influence trip people chooses the enthusiasm of public transport; With commercial is that order ground monopoly management style usually causes unfairness; Human-based management and service are vacant; Problems are badly in need of improving.
The public transportation system that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit.It can overcome the various defectives that come and go one-line circuit existence, accomplish not only convenient but also quick, not only efficiently move but also energy-conservation, performance whole synthesis benefit, solve various blocking up well with simple and easy to do way, the carrying imbalance, conveniently take and change to, realize human-based management, it is fair to embody, and native system can be accomplished small investment, instant effect, high efficiency, the operation ability is multiplied, attract more people to change and take advantage of public transport, reach and alleviate the urban traffic pressure, energy conservation promotes a country, an area, the transport development in a city and the purpose of civilization construction.
The present invention is achieved in that on the basis of principle and public transport present situation that rests on a scientific basis and has determined schematic design principle 1-8, formulated with scheme 1-9 is the partition type recycle circuit of representative, increased with scheme 10-19 is the corresponding road assurance facility of representative, to guarantee system's convenient and efficient ground operation, and adopted with flexible human-based management way 1-8 supporting with it, they are suitable for various public transportation systems, can implement step by step as required, can increase the house change, adjust data, to adapt to the complicated current situation of traffic and the needs of development, each scheme is applicable to the principle that keeps left through respective change.Division is as follows:
One partition type recycle circuit
The partition type recycle circuit is determined service range with the zone, the setting of website based on this area surface need, it can overcome the many disadvantages that comes and goes one-line circuit, it can partition management, the performance comprehensive benefit.
Fig. 1-the 1st, annular recycle circuit schematic diagram it based on clockwise loop wire, represent with solid line that in the drawings arrow is represented traffic direction (down with), the inhour loop wire is auxilliary, also can not establish, and dots, be simple and clear convenience, respectively scheme counter-clockwise circuit later on and omit that the spy does explanation.Z and H represent station and garage, and inner loop-line road, garage should be located at the inside, and the outer shroud circuit should be located at the outside, and after being provided with like this, the vehicle in turnover garage is minimum to the road traffic influence, and the station can be established a plurality of as required, and each figure omits usually later on.Because loop wire does not need left-hand bend so be main clockwise, and counter-clockwise loop wire need turn left so be auxilliary, because overpass bridge is provided with special-purpose ring road and does not have major-minor branch, circuit is major-minor should be determined according to passenger flow needs and road conditions.Major-minor when needed can the inversion (down together).Can take advantage of former circuit to return bus loading zone from debarkation stop for few passenger that detours, make things convenient for the passenger, this also be one of native system characteristics.
Fig. 1-2 is that square shape (square) recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, the circuit side of being annular, and diagrammatic representation road around the working line, and other link tester mistake is arranged, and being simple and clear convenience, each figure road omits later on.
Fig. 1-the 3rd, square shape (rectangle) recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and circuit is rectangle, and counter-clockwise circuit and road all give and omit among this figure, down together.
Fig. 1-the 4th has the recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and the traffic direction of a left-hand bend to be indicated on the figure, and chain-dotted line is represented selectable branch line, and it has a place to turn left, and its circuit shape can be multiple.
Fig. 1-the 5th has the recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and the traffic direction of a plurality of left-hand bends to be indicated on the figure, and chain-dotted line is represented selectable branch line circuit, and it has many places to turn left, and its circuit shape can be multiple.
Fig. 1-the 6th, ring ring connecting type recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.It is connected to form by a plurality of annular recycle circuit ring rings, and connected mode is multiple.
Fig. 1-the 7th, unidirectional expanded type recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Circuit expands to big ring to a side step by step by little ring, constitutes the whole circuit of the unidirectional Extended Cyclic of many rings.
Fig. 2-the 1st, Lu block recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and it forms Lu's font by two loop lines.
Fig. 2-the 2nd, day block recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and it Duos an outer shroud circuit than Lu block recycle circuit.It can also omit its interior recycle circuit, is specially adapted to the situation that the middle of the road line is the one-way road.
Fig. 2-the 3rd, product block recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and its outer shroud also can increase a loop wire, states no longer in addition, runs into similar situation later on and all can handle like this, explains no longer in addition.
Scheme 3 field words, order block recycle circuit Fig. 3 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Fig. 3-the 1st, block, field recycle circuit schematic diagram (A type) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and it forms a matrix pattern by four loop lines.
Fig. 3-the 2nd, block, field recycle circuit schematic diagram (Type B) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and it is a circuit by clockwise end to end shape of operation continuously such as field word.
Fig. 3-the 3rd, order block recycle circuit schematic diagram (A type) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, it forms the order font by three square shape circuits and an outer shroud circuit, omission also can be done in the inner loop-line road, is specially adapted to the situation that the middle of the road line is the one-way road.
Fig. 3-the 4th, order block recycle circuit schematic diagram (Type B) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and its circuit is to have one to turn back from middle part, the right, is specially adapted to the one-way road.
Fig. 3-the 5th, order block recycle circuit schematic diagram (C type) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and its circuit is to have one to turn back from middle part, the left side, is specially adapted to the one-way road.
Scheme 4 Back Word districts (containing many rings) recycle circuit Fig. 4 is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
Fig. 4-the 1st, Back Word district recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit is formed three-back-shaped by two loop lines.
Fig. 4-the 2nd, Back Word district combined-circulation conspectus circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit is by two groups of three-back-shaped circuits, the three loop wire roads that are composited.Also can be combined into many loop wires road.
Scheme 58 words, class 8 block recycle circuit Fig. 5 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Fig. 5-1 is that 8 block recycle circuit schematic diagram circuit forms and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit be one by connect clockwise inhour continuously the end to end shape of operation as the circuit of 8 fonts.
Fig. 5-2 is that 8 block Extended Cyclic conspectus circuit forms and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit be one by connect clockwise inhour alternately continuously the end to end shape of operation as the circuit of 8 fonts expansion.
Fig. 5-the 3rd, class 8 block recycle circuit schematic diagram (A type) circuit forms and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit is one and is coming and going one-line circuit two ends form the continuous operation of two clockwise half 8 fonts after intersecting circuits.
Fig. 5-the 4th, class 8 block recycle circuit schematic diagram (Type B) circuit forms and traffic direction are indicated on the figure.Its circuit is one and is coming and going one-line circuit two ends without intersecting to form two circuits of the continuous operation of half 8 fonts counterclockwise.
Half 8 font circuits of one end of class 8 block recycle circuits can omit, and two kinds of forms also can adopt simultaneously, adopt when it is specially adapted to solve special regional traffic congestion.
It is its schematic diagram that scheme 6 rings are penetrated district recycle circuit Fig. 6,
Circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, (other end of circuit can be terminal point by one or more loop lines and to extraradial many circuits for it, shown in the top among the figure, also can be interconnected to recycle circuit shown in middle part among the figure, also can have recycle circuit of one's own, shown in bottom among the figure) form.Referring to embodiment 8.
Scheme 8 limited left-hand bend Jiu Gong district recycle circuit Fig. 8 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Fig. 8-the 1st, limited left-hand bend Jiu Gong district recycle circuit schematic diagram (A type) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and its circuit is to adopt 8 block Extended Cyclic circuits, and dotted line can be its branch line among the figure.
Fig. 8-the 2nd, limited left-hand bend Jiu Gong district's recycle circuit schematic diagram (Type B) circuit form and traffic direction are indicated on the figure, and its circuit is to adopt the recycle circuit that a left-hand bend is arranged, and dotted line represents to have multiple scheme among the figure, also can be its branch line.
Scheme 9 compound recycle circuit Fig. 9 are its schematic diagrames, and figure center line route 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F, 9G, many circuits of 9L are formed, and they can be and come and go one-line circuit and annular recycle circuit and aforementioned various circuit.M is the passenger concentrated area, and Z and H are station and parking lot, and they constitute overall composite line together, carries out through transport, and the method for operation is multiple, can adjust as required, and the method for operation is referring to embodiment 6.
Scheme 1-9 is the basic model of partition type recycle circuit, and based on unidirectional clockwise recycle circuit, can conversion go out multiple circuit on this basis, do not exemplified one by one at this, native system is based on the partition type recycle circuit, it is auxilliary coming and going one-line circuit, does not repel to turn left and counterclockwise vehicle line, can adjust accordingly as required.
Comprehensive such scheme therefrom can draw following principle:
But principle 3 subregions are established the circuit principle: the zone that circuit comprised is the primary service area of this circuit.Adjacent domain is auxilliary service center.The system that is made up of recycle circuit can partition management, helps the rational deployment of circuit.
Two corresponding roads guarantee facility
The science setting of the middle island formula cross walk cross walk that scheme 10 both sides signals are controlled separately is convenient transfer, improves one of key of operational efficiency, and it concerns the success or failure of the matter.This programme can be accomplished the influence on system operation minimum to vehicle of being provided with of cross walk.Scheme is as follows: have at long crossing, two ends on the road of signal lamp and should establish cross walk, in the middle of the road at cross walk place, establish island in the safety that the pedestrian stops, middle island is long can be increased as required, the both sides right of way signal is independently control separately, can be asynchronous (being not precluded within needs location or place, crossing still can adopt existing synchronous right of way signal mode, also can increase island in the safety on this basis, the pedestrian is divided into two sections at the time by road, do like this and can shorten the signal change-over period, improve traffic efficiency.), every skidding people is selected in this side line road vehicles the current period and operates in the period (the current comparable neutral gear period of duration is more smaller) that neutral gear appears in this place, this period, when current (contain front cross walk) produced by the road cross red light when forbidden, and progressively reach in time, being provided with of street crossing do not influence vehicle ' substantially like this, vehicle speed per hour in accordance with regulations blocks by nothing and travels, cross walk density also can suitably increase, also more abundant by the time, make things convenient for People's Bank of China to pass through, it can solve the contradiction that the pedestrian crosses road and normal vehicle operation well, and minimum is reduced in influence each other.
The current archipelago formula cross walk of staggering the time in scheme 11 both sides is for the road of unconspicuous length of neutral gear period and broad; usually adopt pedestrian overcrossing and tunnel to solve the crosswalk road (for the crossing that signal lamp is arranged; because motor vehicle is forbidden when red light; generally do not adopt pedestrian overcrossing and tunnel to solve the crosswalk road); this way is expensive very big; therefore spacing also can not be too near; like this pedestrian pass the road time of detouring usually can be very long; cause inconvenience; also can produce the pedestrian for convenient phenomenon in violation of rules and regulations, particularly the old,weak,sick and disabled be climbed bridge; following tunnel is more difficult.Road not only will satisfy the needs of running car, more to fully satisfy the pedestrian's of weak tendency needs, not should be and make automobile save tens seconds (can also recover in travelling in the back) and the pedestrian will really, irretrievablely spend tens minutes (even longer), this is inequitable, and everybody should equality enjoy right of way.Designed this programme for this reason, be summarized as follows:
Establish a plurality of safety islands (island is long can be increased as required) at the cross walk place, the spacing on island generally can be two tracks (or three track), like this, road is converted into a plurality of passages from an integral body and (pedestrian is converted into influence to some passages to the influence of whole road, the pedestrian is unidirectional to pass through a passage generally needs about ten seconds approximately, the only operation of several cars in the relevant track of influence), each passage is provided with signal lamp separately, the both sides right of way signal is staggered the time, its conversion program is as follows: the current opposite side of a side is forbidden-both sides are all forbidden-the more current side of opposite side forbidden-both sides are all forbidden again, circulation successively, time length depends on the needs, when current each channel signal modulating signal conversion be successively according to the pedestrian by the time the position to (slightly more than needed) of change, both sides are current stagger the time be for reduce the pedestrian simultaneously during opposing traffic to the influence of driving vehicle in the passage, beacon signal conversion program on the road can be: green light (longer)-Blink green is (shorter, satisfy the ramp to stop needs)-red light (shorter)-amber light (be slightly larger than the pedestrian and pass this passage required time), circulation successively.Amber light is for allowing portable lighter at this moment, and red light is to establish for emphasizing to give way, and is closing chain location time red light also with lengthening, and amber light shortens, and also can omit red light in the time need not emphasizing, at peak hours/period, the duration interchangeable of red light and amber light is guaranteed pedestrains safety.
Scheme 12 bicycle binary channels station Figure 12 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Figure 12-the 1st, platform Z is located at by the motorway among the figure of general station (A type), three arrows are represented motorway, be with a ringlet to represent nonmotorized vehicle lane behind the arrow, be with a ringlet to represent the sidewalk before the arrow, (each schematic symbol implication is identical later on), its shortcoming have taken a track when being parking, influence road passage capability.
Figure 12-the 2nd, platform Z is located at by the sidewalk among the figure of general station (Type B), and its shortcoming influences bicycle when being vehicle pull-in travels, and often forces bicycle to drive on the motorway, causes traffic accident easily.
Figure 12-the 3rd, platform Z is located at the place, bay among the general station figure of bay formula, and its shortcoming is that place, station road is obviously widened, and needs better condition to satisfy.
Figure 12-the 4th, platform Z is located in the middle of the binary channels of the bicycle left and right sides among the bicycle binary channels station figure, vehicle parking needs (wide as three meters) can be satisfied apart from the distance of motorway in the station, can not influence the vehicle ' of motorway during parking, do not take the track, when being arranged, vehicle parking (can establish signal lamp, at this moment bicycle left side passage is forbidden, can pass through At All Other Times) bicycle still has right side passage (narrower and be provided with sidewalk) P Passable, needn't drive on the motorway, obviously reduced mutual influence, improved safety, bicycle can not have two passes current when having vehicle parking, and the wide and original width in total road is close, and the station width only takies this place's part sidewalk width, the width that can accomplish place, station road does not obviously increase, and compliance is extensive.Its advantage is that the traffic capacity and safety have improved in the place, station, and the few compliance of occupation of land is extensive.
Scheme 13 passenger vehicle special line roads are for guaranteeing that public transport is unimpeded, and punctual operation should be established passenger vehicle special line road, reduces the interference of other vehicle to greatest extent, and Figure 13 is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
This road passenger vehicle special line one-way trip of Figure 13-1 one-way trip passenger vehicle special line single-lane road, [promptly (as cabin factor) permission big or middle (determining according to possibility) type passenger vehicle is current conditionally on the dedicated bus lines basis, allow large and medium-sized passenger vehicle to pass through and to reduce public transport operation pressure, effectively alleviate the congestion in road that causes because of dolly more, and provide during for needs the onerous requisition public vehicles to participate in public transport operation condition is provided, down together], (special car is made separate stipulations owing to narrow other Pedestrian Zone At any time of road, can do the current processing of special permission, down together).Guaranteeing under the preceding topic that public transport is passed unimpeded to establish (also can not establishing) auxilliary road in import department, carrying out other equipment of small motor vehicle and give way and enter, to improve on-road efficiency for road with good conditionsi.Add round dot at Figure 13 microbus special line with long arrow afterbody and represent, the equipment of small motor vehicle represents that with lacking arrow other motor vehicle is with long arrow table (back two kinds of situations are looked road width situation and selected, and can exchange), and is same down.
Figure 13-2 one-way trip this road of double-lane road that uses Correct Lane also has a motorway (among the figure be representative with equipment of small motor vehicle arrow path) except that the passenger vehicle special line, twice are travelled in the same way, are the one-way road road.
This road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of Figure 13-3 opposing traffic passenger vehicle special line two track roads is the combination of two one-way trip passenger vehicle special line single-lane roads.
Figure 13-4 opposing traffic has this road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of three track road of passenger vehicle special line, and a motorway (exercising direction determines as required, adjusts) is arranged is the use Correct Lane combination of double-lane road of one-way trip passenger vehicle special line single-lane road and one-way trip.
Figure 13-5 opposing traffic has this road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of four-lane road (A type) of passenger vehicle special line and two motorways is arranged, and is the use Correct Lane combinations of double-lane road of two one-way trips.
Figure 13-6 opposing traffic has this road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of four-lane road (Type B) of passenger vehicle special line and a motorway is arranged, and being increases a passenger vehicle special line to special procure to satisfy on opposing traffic has the basis of three track road of passenger vehicle special line.
Figure 13-7 opposing traffic has this road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of five track roads of passenger vehicle special line and the motorway that has two directions to travel on the contrary, and being increases a passenger vehicle special line to satisfy different needs on opposing traffic has the basis of four-lane road of passenger vehicle special line.
Figure 13-8 opposing traffic has this road passenger vehicle special line opposing traffic of six-lane road of passenger vehicle special line and the motorway that has three directions to travel on the contrary, be on opposing traffic has the basis of five track roads of passenger vehicle special line, to increase a motorway (direction can be selected), to satisfy different needs.
Can also change according to road width and needs and multiple scheme fork-like farm tool used in ancient China, mostly what here provide is asymmetric road, can reference for symmetry and wideer road, be symmetrical arranged whenever to establishing a passenger vehicle special line as two-way six-lane standard road, do not narrated one by one at this.Using arrow path is in order to improve the road utilization benefit, because very big for some shared ratios of tighter city cyclecar of restricting driving, to establish more science of the specially capable cyclecar of arrow path (wide as 3 meters).
Scheme 14 width roads cooperate operating scheme
Road width is different to cooperate bad meeting to reduce the utilization benefit in wide road, and this programme is head it off preferably.Figure 14 is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
Figure 14-1 six-its two ends of two four-six-lane road schemes are the six-lane road, the centre is two four-lane roads, can be with middle two roads as integral body, three descending three tracks couplings of moving track and top and bottom six-lane road are downwards established in road, a left side, three up three tracks couplings of upwards moving track and top and bottom six-lane road are established in right road, establish a clockwise loop wire track between the twice to satisfy current needs in the ring, each road traffic direction is indicated on the figure.Public bus network can adopt the various schemes in front, it provides advantage for establishing the passenger vehicle special line more, for example two passenger vehicle special lines can be respectively established in up-downgoing, also have public bus network (special car also can enter loop wire through special permission) to satisfy this zone passenger demand in the ring, and be provided with everywhere the convenient transfer of station z, the round layman of passenger only need change to once in the district, sees embodiment five for details.
Its two ends of road scheme, Figure 14-2 eight-3 4-eight track are eight track roads, the centre is three four-lane road, can be with middle three road as integral body, three descending three tracks couplings of moving track and top and bottom eight track roads are downwards established in road, a left side, three up three tracks couplings of upwards moving track and top and bottom eight track roads are established in right road, the middle part of the middle of the road line is established the up-downgoing track and can be accomplished like this to mate between eight-3 4-eight track roads, in the left side, middle right, about respectively establish a clockwise loop wire track between two roads to satisfy current needs in the ring, each road traffic direction is indicated on the figure.Public bus network can adopt the various schemes in front, it provides advantage for establishing the passenger vehicle special line more, for example two passenger vehicle special lines can be respectively established in up-downgoing, also have public bus network (special car also can enter loop wire through special permission) to satisfy this zone passenger demand in the ring, and be provided with everywhere the convenient transfer of station z, the round layman of passenger only need change to once in the district, sees embodiment five for details.
Figure 14-1,2 can do various variations, for example, 2 the middle of the road line is narrow only two tracks, just can remove set up-downgoing track, middle part, constitute six-about two four add middle two lane highways-six-lane road scheme, also have, their two ends can be different, for example, are eight track roads above 2, be two five track roads below, shown in Figure 14-3, constitute eight-3 4-two five track road schemes, two five track roads can also connect together, the loop wire road of formation shown in Figure 14-4 can also be for another example links to each other with the six-lane road shown in the dotted line in 4.Visible embodiment five is not described in detail in detail one by one at this.
Scheme 15 3 center line track tuning road Figure 15 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Figure 15-the 1st is an example with two-way eight tracks three center line track tuning roads, the direction of traffic in middle two tracks is tuning as required, it has three center lines, the two ends dotted portion can change, the current direction of two-way clearing lamp control is arranged respectively on these two tracks, by one to current oppositely forbidden-two-way forbidden-another to current oppositely forbidden-the cyclic transformation program transformation successively of two-way forbidden order, but come and go all adoptings by reference of the unbalanced wide road of wagon flow for the different periods.
Figure 15-the 2nd, wagon flow is big left for the top road, the schematic diagram of tuning road under the road state that wagon flow is little to the right of below, top road import is a Four-Lane Road, outlet is five tracks, import is worked good, export more unobstructedly, below road import is three tracks, exports to be Four-Lane Road, import can be satisfied the little requirement of wagon flow, export more unobstructedly, can satisfy the wagon flow requirement like this, performance road greatest benefit.
Figure 15-the 3rd, the schematic diagram of tuning road belongs to normal condition under the two-way wagon flow equilibrium state, and two-way import and export are Four-Lane Road.
Figure 15-the 4th, wagon flow is big to the right for the below road, the schematic diagram of tuning road under the road state that wagon flow is little left of top, top road import is three tracks, exports to be Four-Lane Road, import can be satisfied the little requirement of wagon flow, export more unobstructedly, below road import is a Four-Lane Road, and outlet is five tracks, import is worked good, export more unobstructedly, can satisfy the wagon flow requirement like this, performance road greatest benefit
The factor that scheme 16 crossing left-hand bend control methods influence the bus timing operation is a lot, the crossing signal change-over period, long (crossing that has was three, four minutes) was one, and it is many when turning left to account for, to crossing left-hand bend control rationally, can shorten crossing signal change-over period duration, method is as follows:
1 reduces travels native system based on clockwise loop wire, can reduce bus to greatest extent, and 2 other motor vehicles also can be chosen route in advance and need not turn left on principle, and this is the forbidden condition of having created of turning left.
The forbidden forbidden left-hand bend under the situation of conditions permit of 2 left-hand bends can be shortened crossing signal change-over period duration, improves the crossing traffic situation simultaneously.The identical time turn left usually (bicycle road) traffic capacity be keep straight on (three, Four-Lane Road) three 1/4).
3 set up the Accreditation Waiting Area left-hand bend vehicle that turns left to give way can be advanced into the Accreditation Waiting Area earlier, and this can not influence travelling of opposite car when current, do not need to set up the left-hand bend signal, can shorten crossing signal change-over period duration.
4 set up keep straight on earlier by after turn around to turn right the again traffic sign (being applicable to the broad road) and the straight-going traffic sign (be applicable to than the arrow path road and turn left to be bent to the broad road) that afterwards turns around again of turning right earlier, do not need to extend the signal change-over period in peak period because of left-hand bend yet.
5 keep straight on by realizing that it is the method for operation after the projection of cloverleaf formula overpass plane after right turn ramp turns to, and the crossing should increase right turn ramp when building building.
The crossing control signal of not turning left will obviously shorten the signal change-over period, improve the speed of service.Related content can be referring to patent " can improve the traffic control system of safety and efficient ", application number 2004100723261
Scheme 17 adopts the lamp system that can improve safety and efficient
The factor that influences the bus timing operation is a lot, and blocking up and traffic accident occurring of road and crossing is one, and robbing row is the arch-criminal, and it is crucial giving way.Running red light is unlawful practice, does not give way just to result in blockage probably even traffic accident takes place.Lacking the signal that gives way in existing traffic signal lamp system is very big defective, definite implication that should clear and definite each signal lamp, increase the signal lamp (amber light) that gives way, and consistent with the vehicle operating rule, the preferential lamp system that adopts in the patent " can improve the traffic control system of safety and efficient " in the native system road equipment, (application number is 2004100723261), it can accomplish the rule of having travelled, give way in order, responsibility is clear and definite, to guarantee the safe and punctual operation of bus.Its most basic conversion program is that green light-Blink green-red light-amber light connects green light and circulation successively again, and duration can change as required.Adopt in the scheme 11 in the native system, red light short circuit amber light can make vehicle stop earlier, after having a look at the situation of giving way again, the driver takes countermeasure again, become a kind of prevailing custom when giving way, rob row and suffer that everybody sends when blaming, a lot of crossings might not need the signal lamp facility, also not necessarily need facilities such as pedestrian overcrossing, underpass and overpass bridge.
Scheme 18 adopts efficient thrifty road design scheme
The way that guarantees the bus timing operation is a lot, and when the traffic congestion at road and crossing was very serious, the traffic capacity that increases road and crossing was one of crucial.
The common way that significantly improves the traffic capacity for the broad road is to widen road, occupation of land is many, the cost height, sometimes widen also and can be restricted, scheme in the native system road equipment in the preferential employing patent " three-dimensional road and bridge and management method " (application number is 200410102657.5) is a low clearance, narrow track, light-duty, the low latitude free way scheme of multilayer multilane, the great quantity of small motor vehicle that influences bus running is diverted on the free way of low latitude, its the building nonmotorized vehicle lane and near the road surface on, do not need to widen road, cost is low, it is little to influence each other, can guarantee the bus timing operation, make things convenient for the passenger by bus, be a not only efficient but also thrifty way, on safety main road, Beijing and two loop wires, all can adopt.
Can accomplish to move the influence that is not subjected to signal lamp for build overpass bridge in the intersection, two road, but the overpass bridge scheme that is adopted is not that floor space is big more, the number of plies is many more, left turn ramp is long more, bridge is the bigger the better, and this scheme might become the typical case of waste on the contrary.The preferential scheme that adopts in the patent " three-dimensional road and bridge and management method " (application number is 200410102657.5) in the native system road equipment, particularly wherein scheme 20-24 (Figure 20-24) can accomplish that occupation of land economizes most under similarity condition, cost is minimum, function is best, it is a characteristic with the exquisiteness, is a kind of efficient thrifty road design scheme.
In order to guarantee that the bus timing operation should adopt efficient thrifty road design scheme, obtain the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort, can quicken the bridge construction like this, improve the bus running environment as early as possible.Bridge design also can influence each economic targets such as the overall trip speed of bus and energy consumption.For example, bus by three meters high bridges during with more than ten meters high bridge car to decrease with oil consumption be different, because so, everyday like this, loss year in year out is just very big, and it is very convenient that and for example the passenger crosses road originally, because of repair bridge circuit cause detour far, climb tunnel under the overline bridge, and everyday like this, bring very big inconvenience.Scheme in the native system road equipment in the preferential employing patent can address the above problem preferably.
Three flexible human-based management ways
Be that example is narrated with the public vapour in metropolis () fare road management method now, discuss the traffic peak period emphatically, other system and traffic slot all can reference and simplification.The principle of public transport management is that society satisfies the needs of people's trip to greatest extent with the cost of minimum, and top quality service is provided, and does not pursue single line, single unit vehicle profit maximization, pursues the overall efficiency optimization.Its performance assessment criteria is should science just right.Should not impute to the passenger to the contradiction of low transport power anxiety that error cause in by rise in price owing to the efficiency of management, should not bring benefit to exclusively enjoy with management development and the passenger can not share owing to the progress of science and technology by enterprise, should not make enterprise stand high above the masses not strive to make progress by the juice that rise in price brings.
The vehicle configuration of method 1 integrated dispatch; Adapt to variation according to the corresponding vehicle of passenger flow variation configuration, in time carry out scheduling, can satisfy the benefit that passenger demand can be brought into play vehicle again, the vehicle of native system configuration comprises following seven types:
1 ultra-large type passenger vehicle it based on the three open-door motor bus, the setting of car door should accomplish that the passenger can upper and lower easily car, is used for busy circuit, peak period more.
2 motorbuss it based on two motor buses that open the door, the setting of car door should accomplish that the passenger can upper and lower easily car, is used for busy circuit more.
Its way-train littler than motorbus of 3 motor buses, the setting of car door should accomplish that the passenger can upper and lower easily car, are used for general circuit more.
It is used for short-term road or the less cold line of passenger 4 middle buses (mini-bus) more.
It is used for short-term road 5 station wagons (minibus) more.
It can be tricycle and other vehicles (as various bicycles) of taxi, various nothing, of low pollution power for the 6 convenience-for-people vehicles.It can remedy the deficiency of public transport, solves the needs of the back people's trip of stopping transport.Energy consumption and pollution are reduced in the post that also can create more jobs simultaneously, manage well also can to become the scape in the city.Encourage short distance by bike, and be that bicycle parking is provided convenience at the major station place.
The large, medium and small passenger vehicle of a large amount of units is arranged in the passenger vehicle society of 7 onerous requisitions, usually utilization rate is not high, can not satisfy the operation needs and mass transportation facilities is very few, too much can occur vacant, influence benefit, when quantity is appropriate, burst operation peak is difficult to reply, utilizes public vehicles to formulate emergency preplan and can solve the contradiction of appearance preferably.Can transfer car owner's enthusiasm with compensation, be beneficial to this method of permanent implementation, also can increase car owner's social responsibility, sense of honour simultaneously.
Various vehicles are carried out the scheduling of subregion hierarchical synthesis with performance comprehensive benefit (referring to method 6).
Guaranteeing under the safe preceding topic that for the passenger provides convenience as far as possible be one of problem of solving of public transport emphasis, set up at the station of the convenient transfer of research is important component part wherein, and it mainly wraps following seven kinds of modes:
HOP ON can be carried out in 1 highway section of not establishing this circuit process of circuit of fixed standard station implementation HOP ON under the situation of conditions permit, as descendants's road through some arterial roads, also can generally carry out at low-valley interval, as the night shift bus, passenger waves and gets on the bus and get on the bus AT STATION all is to stop once, do not influence operational efficiency, but, significantly reduced travel distance and waiting time for the passenger provides great convenience.All should actively carry out in highway section with good conditionsi and period.Should establish to wave for the more place of passenger and stop, improve efficiency of operation so that reduce stop frequency, wave stop near the driver have the right whether determining waves stops.
It preferentially adopts the bicycle binary channels station scheme (the normally used station shown in Figure 12-1,2,3 also can be adopted) shown in Figure 12-4 small-sized station, 2 three parking stalls, platform grows to and should satisfy three cars less and stop simultaneously, can establish three Parking Stalls, middle bit alignment platform middle part, when no car was stopped, the car that enters the station should be parked in anteposition, follow-up car is stopped successively, in the timing operation system, generally can satisfy the stop of six circuits, can not produce crowded, the transfer zero distance.The parking stall is several can be increased according to needs, as four parking stalls, small-sized station, five parking stalls.
3 ferry-boat formula large-scale station Figure 16 are among its schematic diagram figure
M is the passenger concentrated area, station Z is respectively established on its both sides, round dot on the travel line and circle are represented the small station circuit, and all stop at two stations, and the passenger can tide over by bus, travel line upper block and triangle are represented the major station circuit, only stop a wherein station, the circuit that generally enters main line is parked in the station, front, and the circuit that rolls main line away from is parked in the station, back, circuit on the main line selects one to stop according to the situation of transfer, and the passenger in concentrated area can convenient for passenger to get on and off.In the timing operation system, generally can satisfy the stop of about ten circuits, can not produce crowded.It also can constitute three stations, multistation ferry-boat formula large-scale station.
The super-huge station Figure 17 of 4 straight lines ferry-boat formula is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
M is the passenger concentrated area, and circuit is the combination of two kinds, 8 block recycle circuits, wherein comes and goes one-line M end ring line and omits, and the other end links to each other with parking lot K with a plurality of station H, constitutes the super-huge station of straight line ferry-boat formula.In order to raise the efficiency, the loop wire part can adopt way traffic, and it is more convenient to get on, get off, and analogue all can adopt in native system.It is applicable to that concentrated area M has only the sensible and traffic congestion serious situation of a road, can solve M bus terminal, concentrated area well too concentrates and reduces the big susceptible to plugging problem of this terrain vehicle current density, the station of general bus is located on the loop wire, less than concentrated area (but the through transport of part circuit), other vehicle is parked in the parking lot, and personnel take advantage of public transport ferry-boat vehicle to arrive the concentrated area.Can solve this congestion in road problem well like this.
The super-huge station Figure 18 of 5 loop wires ferry-boat formula is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
The super-huge station of loop wire ferry-boat formula is by forming by the annular recycle circuit of passenger concentrated area M and top a plurality of stations thereof, it be applicable to concentrated area M near many path link mistakes are arranged, too concentrate in the bus terminal of concentrated area M and the traffic congestion serious situation arranged.It by concentrated area M by clockwise loop wire with near many roads be connected, establish the station of bus on the loop, generally do not establish the terminal in the concentrated area, have only the part bus directly to pass through the concentrated area, other public transit vehicle by the time be parked on the station on the loop wire, get off personnel again the public transport ferry-boat vehicle of multiplication ring line arrive the concentrated area.Can solve too much and congestion in road problem so well by the concentrated area circuit.Can divide into groups to move for the long more situation in station of establishing of loop wire, as H1 among the figure, the H2 station respectively is divided into one group, all passes through concentrated area M, can raise the efficiency like this, and analogue all can adopt in native system.
Principle 4 connection terminals setting principles: the connection terminals of the circuit in the principle 1 can be located at any one in the circuit, and it should be located at the not busy location of this circuit usually, can reduce like this because of concentrating blocking up of causing in the connection terminals station.
6 connection terminals station and parking lots
Owing to be that loop line is provided with drivers and conductors lobby and the on-site station of scheduling, promptly become the connection terminals station of loop line, it should be located at the not busy location of this circuit usually, and decides quantity according to the length difference of circuit.Be provided with like this and can reduce because of concentrating blocking up of causing in the connection terminals station.It is uninterrupted that operational vehicle should continue operation herein, it is the best approach that drivers and conductors are given a spell, to passenger's most convenient, save most, also can allow the passenger move backward (this car need enter near parking lot) do not continue to move ahead with wasting time, should not increase passenger's financial burden, should not resemble and allow the passenger get on the bus to the Terrace station after Di'anmen is got off Beijing 113 tunnel to continue to move ahead again, the passenger needs the very long station of walking or falls two trains, spends two, three parts of.Should not resemble yet and connection terminals is located at from loop wire place far away the Tianjin 47,48 tunnel, be unfavorable for passenger on loop wire herein, can cause inconvenience through moving ahead continuously.The parking lot can be located near the of it or alternative address, and circuit should be located at the loop wire inboard clockwise,, counter-clockwise circuit should be located at the loop wire outside, and vehicles passing in and out is minimum to the road influence like this.The vehicle that continues operation second day morning for stopping transport night can be parked in the few more economic and convenience of roadside parking of the car of having a lot of social connections of Attended mode.
Set up at 7 large-scale crossroads and station, overpass bridge district
Along with the center, post distance crossing in large-scale crossroad of widening of road and overpass bridge district is more and more far away, this makes troubles to passenger's transfer, sometimes want walking more than 1 kilometer, the scheme of setting up at large-scale crossroad and station, overpass bridge district that native system adopts can address this problem well, accomplishes in the debarkation stop original place or the road opposite can be changed to easily.Figure 19 is its schematic diagram, among the figure:
Figure 19-the 1st, station, crossing distribution schematic diagram, the same Figure 16 of its method for expressing, identical for keeping straight on the method to set up of passable march-past large-scale station, can before this crossing, realize at the station of (or afterwards) for the transfer between the major station circuit, shown in the parts that increase of below among the figure more.Left-hand bend can be forbidden, can unidirectionally set up, as among the figure from down left, from last two circuits to the right, also can two-wayly set up, increase by two circuits again, shown in Figure 19-2, for overpass bridge owing to there is left turn ramp specially to go, circuit can not exert an influence to crossing traffic in this left-hand bend (can establish four direction at most), so the circuit in the native system turns left to be located at herein as far as possible.
Figure 19-3,4, the 5th, vehicle enter the transfer schematic diagram at crossing from the below, and the 3rd, a kind of scheme of the transfer of keeping straight on is turned right afterwards to get off earlier and is passed road from cross walk again, and the vehicle of ride circuit right-hand bend can be realized the transfer of keeping straight on again.The 4th, a kind of scheme of the transfer of turning left is kept straight on earlier and is passed road from cross walk again by getting off behind the crossing, and the vehicle of ride circuit right-hand bend can realize transfer again.The 5th, the another kind of scheme of the transfer of turning left is turned right afterwards to get off earlier and is passed road from cross walk again, takes the vehicle of craspedodrome circuit again and can realize transfer.The transfer method that other direction enters the crossing is identical.These methods also are applicable to needs other place of transfer.
Because this programme is set up at the place, crossing two stations are arranged, its name of station can be distinguished with A, B, and A represents to enter station before, crossing, and B represents to enter station afterwards, crossing, and AB represents that all there is the station on the both sides, crossing.For example, Dongdan A represents the station before this circuit enters crossing, Dongdan, Dongdan B represents the station after this link tester is crossed crossing, Dongdan, Dongdan AB represents that this circuit is equipped with the station before and after crossing, Dongdan, the passenger just can know very that the station is located at the position at crossing, can certainly represent with direction, as Dong Dandong, Dong Danxi, Dong Dannan, Dong Danbei like this.
Method 3 is conveniently moved arrangement
The vehicle operating mode can be multiplely in the circuit after line alignment is determined, mainly comprises following four kinds of methods of operation:
The 1A type method of operation-this circuit of timing operation HOP ON short-term road is for solving stop spacing trip ground by bus, far establish the destination, peak period particularly, it is the regular guest that the passenger constitutes major part, carry out timing operation (because the passenger is by trip running time, can suitably strengthen at interval, the passenger can not increase waiting time yet), the passenger can plannedly go on a journey, reduce waiting time, carrying out HOP ON can make things convenient for the passenger to get on or off the bus nearby maximumly, highway section of concentrating for the passenger and period can be established to wave and be stopped, to improve efficiency of operation, through busy highway section the time, establish fixedly station usually, generally do not carry out the HOP ON regulation, highway section and period in conditions permit give preferential treatment as far as possible to the passenger that waves, and short-term road is favourable to guaranteeing timing operation.Required vehicle seldom mostly is middle-size and small-size vehicle, also can stop transport at low-valley interval, and at this moment these vehicles also can remove to substitute big vehicle in other circuit, save the overall operation cost.Circuit should cover the road that mini-bus can one-way traffic, makes full use of son, Sun Fulu near the main road, alleviates the traffic pressure of main road.Therefore passenger's trip has enlarged the scope of selecting can take advantage of route on every side, reduces the line feed number of times, and for the passenger provides convenience, setting up of it can attract more people to select to ride in a bus trip.
Change to inconvenience midway than far away and passenger and establish by bus by stop spacing trip ground, destination in order to solve for the 2B type method of operation-small station this circuit of circuit, difficult problem is changed at the large-scale crossroad of special solution, overpass bridge place, change the way of only establishing a station usually, (far away apart from the center, crossing) respectively establishes the station at the import and export place, accomplish in the debarkation stop original place or bus can be changed in station, road opposite, really realize the zero distance transfer.Will adjust existing station, stop spacing will diminish usually for this reason, and this also can dwindle the distance of stop spacing trip ground, destination by bus.Circuit length is generally medium, can cover medium zone, also can adopt than the transregional operation of long transmission line in needs location and period, because electric car starts, quickens to should be soon the vehicle of preferentially selecting for use.
The 3C type method of operation-this circuit of major station circuit is established for solving quick arrival of medium and long distance passenger, it is to build on the basis of A, the Type B method of operation, it crosses over several small stations usually, stop spacing is than big several times of small station stop spacing, circuit is long, the long distance line that stop than existing station, station running time obviously shortens, and whole circuit is established the station generally should not surpass 20 stations, and too much the station influences efficient and delays long-range passenger's time.It can transregionally move usually, does not have its stop spacing of road of small station circuit to dwindle for process, and to make things convenient for this ground passenger, the also practicable HOP ON mode in special highway section is moved.Can adopt the HOP ON way flexibly at low-valley interval, similar long-distance car.
The 4D type method of operation-this circuit of great-leap-forward composite line is established for making the faster arrival of passenger, and it is to build on the basis of A, B, the C type method of operation, and it can cross over several major stations, until one-stop round circuit.Common this circuit (can be a loop wire part) can be divided into three sections, interlude often is the heavy traffic section, public bus network is also more, can adopt the stage casing leap type method of operation when needed, further improve the speed of service, this assists often has two two sections (an end section adds the stage casing) round major station circuit to match with the stage casing leap type method of operation, constitutes the great-leap-forward composite line.
The line system of being made up of A, B, C, the D type method of operation and various deformation thereof can accomplish that the passenger with easy way trip, can save running time simultaneously under the preceding topic that satisfies the different demands of passenger, and the accelerating vehicle turnover cuts operating costs.
The passenger flow control of method 4 effective layerings
The pressure of peak period to bus operation can be obviously alleviated in the principle 5 passenger flow layerings scientific and effective passenger flow of the control principle control of staggering the time.Traffic peak occurs and concentrate activity simultaneously relevant with people, change and too seek unity of action, carry out layering and stagger the time the control stream of people guaranteeing bus carrying equilibrium with usually stopping up. move favourable on time.Everybody is responsible to guarantee the operation of public transport convenient and efficient, all should consciously support with action.Effectively the control of the passenger flow of layering comprises following four levels:
1 should accomplish macro-management on big aspect, for example factory, office, commerce and school, free personnel's activity time is staggered the time mutually half an hour approximately, winter factory at eight before, office at eight partly, commercial and learn piece about 9 o'clock working or on class, professional, tourism are gone out general personnel 9 trips later on, and different crowd is avoided the peak hour to go on a journey and can be reached the peak clipping effect.Also can take appropriate economic means to be regulated.
2 also should accomplish segmentation on little aspect, for example middle and primary schools are gone to school and left school the time by class wrong five minutes mutually, just can avoid the time of going to school and leaving school (eight thirty-nine go to school, classes are over thirty for four point-four) school gate to block up and the passing bus carrying herein that causes is uneven and influence the phenomenon of running on time.For easily causing the factory that blocks up, office, office block etc. can adopt such segmentation method of staggering the time.
3 also should accomplish to distinguish on the climate change aspect, carry out the different daily schedules, and the corresponding therewith bus operation time should adjust accordingly.For example, per tour time started of the workman who works in three shifts winter also can adopt 7 points, ten five points, 20 three-pronged programs better, and to the more comfortable convenience of workman, bus also needn't too early be sent out the first bus.And for example, summer factory's peak clipping better effects if of going to work about seven thirty.For another example, about 9 of middle and primary schools winters go to school and five days learning tasks were shared in six days, help alleviating the burden on students and health, the student and the head of a family should welcome, study is a continuous process, connect to stop in one week vacation in two days the student is learnt unfavorable, also might increase added burden, the mat woven of fine bamboo strips six days can be with the class meeting in the former curriculum schedule, investigation, visit, see a film, work, physical culture etc. are movable as main contents, and the negative influence of taking measures to prevent to produce, student's passenger flow can drop to very lowly to the influence of public transport like this, also can improve comfort level by bus to the student, needn't go to squeeze oneself into a croweded bus in peak period.
Also should take the shunting measure on 4 aspects of too concentrating from special personnel, for example, all should take the shunting measure in the activity that large-scale personnel in the venue too concentrate to large-scale stadium and performance, the prologue time should be avoided the evening peak traffic period, can be selected in about seven thirty and begin, usually should about 10 o'clock, finish, can also arrange a little significant activities before formally beginning and in the about half an hour after finishing, encourage some early to arrive, walk evening, crowded when avoiding letting out, this not only can prevent the generation of contingency in the large-scale activity but also can alleviate pressure to public transport.
The measure of passing unimpeded of method 5 classifications regulation and control
Principle 6 guarantees that firmly the bus principle that passes unimpeded gets rid of various influence factors, guarantees that it is the top priority of traffic administration that bus passes unimpeded in required time.It meets most of people's interests, and having got house when traffic congestion occurring is inevitably, otherwise everybody gets lodged in the there and lose time, and loses bigger.
The principle 7 inlet strict control inlet of the unimpeded principle of outlet of keeping under strict control drives into vehicle number, guarantees that the outlet vehicle smooth is the basic method that solves congestion in road.Differentiated control is answered in the measure that may take.
Following 8 grades of control methods are adopted in the measure of passing unimpeded of classification regulation and control, and sum of series regulation and control content can change as required.
1 grade of dissimilar vehicle of restriction sails into, and as truck, nonlocal car, heavy-polluted vehicle enters the urban district.
2 grades are sailed in limited time, the time is divided into peak period, normality period, low-valley interval takes different rules.As peak period, no left turn at the grand cross crossing.
3 grades of control vehicles make into the interval, and assurance road speed per hour in accordance with regulations travels, and are specially adapted to speedway, the control of entrance, through street vehicle.
4 grades of collective's vehicles divide odd or even number, divide date restricted driving control, and it is more effective than using economic means, and it is supporting with it to limit the owning amount increase simultaneously, and collective's vehicle uses elasticity big, and it is easier to regulate, and influences little.Special car is limited the quantity of and is issued licence current (down together).
5 grades of non-buses divide odd or even number, divide the control of restricting driving single even-numbered days.And can be decided to be 31 days of the solar month public transport day, except that the current vehicle of special permission, other non-public transport motor vehicle is forbidden in this day (or peak period), allows people know from experience the effect of public traffic in priority in this day, impels the more consciously first-selected bus trip of people.
6 grades of other Pedestrian Zone At any times, bus are specially gone.
7 grades of number of, lines that the minimizing bus passes through are guaranteed unimpeded.
Open up special line for 8 grades and guarantee that bus is current, when road one side causes this can't travel when passing through to bus because of blocking-up takes place reasons such as accident, should open up a bus industrial siding road opposite side (reverse) passes through to the bus cruising to guarantee this, as shown in figure 20, the fork place is fault blocking-up place among the figure, and the contrary road of on the left side is opened up a passage and guaranteed to pass through, or the right short circuit, draw two kinds among the figure, wherein a kind of can also saving time retrieved because of stopping up the time that disconnected row delays.When whole route denial, should adjust circuit to guarantee two-way bus cruising, as shown in figure 21, the fork place is fault blocking-up place among the figure, can open up backward channel from two-way contrary road and guarantee that each is current to returning, the get off faulty section of passing by of passenger continues to move ahead by bus, or the recycle circuit by both sides forms big loop wire operation, also can continue operation as shown in Figure 20 the loop wire short circuit being guaranteed, also can save time and retrieve because of stopping up the time that disconnected row delays.
When, where, take that grade measure should be according to the concrete current situation of traffic decision on this ground, and announce and take corresponding safeguard measure to society in good time.The some of them measure also is applicable to air pollution regulation and control in the city.
Method 6 efficient convenience-for-people time controls
Operational vehicle is carried out regularly scientific management, and it can guarantee vehicle operation at interval in accordance with regulations, realizes balanced carrying, reduces unnecessary confusion that bunching causes to the station and increases waiting time to the passenger, can also improve efficiency of operation simultaneously.Efficient convenience-for-people time control comprises following four contents:
1 solo running time is inaccurate leading.The leading operation of bicycle is nonsensical to improving overall efficiency, can upset the driving proportional spacing, and all kinds of corrupt practices creep in, and running on time driver phychology is gentle, helps traffic safety and fuel-economizing subtracts consumption.
2 solo running times are late will take effective remedial measure.Because of stop up or late vehicle that reason such as accident causes when with the back vehicle near the time should change the passenger each other, prepare for crossing over the station, needing in crossing over the interval in the front truck does not need the passenger who gets off to exchange in crossing over the interval in the passenger that gets off and the back car, then, do not stop in the station that front truck is crossed in this interval, win the make-up time, recover running on time, back car is as late again, in crossing over the interval, need the passenger who gets off to forward the back car in the handlebar car of its back, the car of back is crossed over successively and is not stopped then, guarantees that circuit normally moves.Owing to be recycle circuit, often can take a short cut, can win the more make-up time.Transposing passenger's scheme is multiple.
3 regulate and control the speed of service completely simultaneously.Running velocity is relevant with road condition change completely, the all fronts running velocity can improve simultaneously when road conditions were good, running interval reduces, if need keep at interval original then can reduce operational vehicle,, all fronts running velocity can reduce simultaneously when road conditions were bad, and it is big that running interval becomes, if need keep at interval original then can increase operational vehicle, this work should be finished by this line traffic department.Bicycle should each Xingqi thing.
4 determine and guarantee reasonably to move at interval.The operation of the main line in the metropolis on the major trunk roads generally is about one minute as still can not satisfies the passenger flow needs in the traffic peak period at interval can adopt the ultra-large type passenger vehicle, until further shortening at interval.The operation of general circuit is about five minutes at interval, and the operation of circuit should if the passenger flow rareness should be changed little vehicle (square method 1) step by step, so both not satisfied passenger's needs greater than ten minutes at interval in principle, saved transport power again.This work should be finished by the traffic departments at different levels of system.The overall operation of circuit be at interval with the busiest station begin to determine between different circuits operation at interval, be the arrangement at time busy station then, carry out successively, determine that until the interval of single line operation it is crowded to make the bus that can avoid busy station like this.
Fair and reasonable ticket system is one of the key that can implement of native system, and it adopts following three kinds of ticket systems.
One ticket system of 1 self-service ticketing with good conditionsi
An a kind of ticket system self-service ticketing is arranged now, checks card in due order, the charge method of inserting coins and not changing, its purpose mainly be enterprises of public transport in order to save expenditure to the ticket seller, cut operating costs, increase profit.Its implementation should be with good conditionsi.
＜1〉ticket seller's wage height, the ratio that accounts for operation cost is big.The fund that self-service ticketing is saved is than wanting the great talent meaningful for this equipment thrown and relevant input, if ticket seller's wage is low, the ratio that accounts for operation cost is little, in order to realize the equipment that self-service ticketing is thrown and relevant input is very big and need to increase the respective service personnel, showy and not substantial, just nonsensical, this is the most basic condition.
＜2〉if the personnel that save have job placement in addition, just meaningful to society, if therefore be unemployed, will cause burden to society, just answer the overall balance pros and cons just right,
＜3〉should obviously not influence driving safety be essential condition to the amount of labour that therefore increases of driver.(as peak period, busy area) should concentrate one's energy to drive when road conditions are complicated, as diverting attention for looking after to insert coins, disputes and sways the emotion with the passenger, just very easily traffic accident takes place, and causes the bus accident obviously to rise, and also can lose more than gain.
＜4〉not crowded in the car, passenger's freedom of walking, this is to get on the bus in the Qianmen, the back (in) essential condition of student's car, be difficult to carry out the Qianmen when crowded and get on the bus, the back (in) regulation of student's car, will occur first half very crowded (some passengers because of take distance short or sit in front move after being unwilling) latter half of very empty situation, some passengers have to from the back () door gets on the bus, is difficult to go to the front and inserts coins, particularly the passenger on short trips also likes providing of the person of gaining petty advantages possible for not buying tickets.
＜5〉passenger getting on/off is small in the whole service, and it is important can not influencing operational efficiency.If the number of getting on or off the bus is many, the passenger who much is unfamiliar with rule is arranged again, take factors such as money, the slow motion of inserting coins, give change to influence operational efficiency, if one (delay 2-3 minute as the left and right sides, one 20 station circuit initiating station, half a minute is delayed in every station to circuit approximately, amounts to about ten minutes, calculated by five minutes at interval, omnidistance normal operation one hour just needs to increase the two cars operation) delay ten minutes just needs increase vehicle and guarantee that the normal interval moves, also can lose more than gain.Come and go onboard passenger every day far away for road and to want about 20 minutes how consuming time, this should not take place, this is very big losses to numerous passengers, because the person of the inserting coins overwhelming majority does not normally tear ticket, not having ticket is disadvantageous to passenger's right-safeguarding, if everyone kills the hostage by oneself, obviously increase wastes time, and just more needs to increase vehicle and guarantees the normal interval operation.
＜6〉passenger well-behaved insert coins very important, if a large amount of residual counterfeit money, the more effect that will obviously influence self-service ticketing of some coin personnel.
＜7〉because the person of inserting coins does not tear ticket usually, what of coin just lack foundation in the cash box, can accomplish that unlike ticket seller's ticketing ticket fee conforms to, this occupies ticket fee just for the relevant personnel at different levels possibility is provided, cause the fare income loss, if therefore crime causes damage for individual, family, society, increase burden on society.
＜8〉do not change too overbearingly, this way of implementation is rare except that public transport.If have only a maximum denomination banknote will cause great unfairness because of inserting coins, the people is that to make all restrictions be to the disrespecting of passenger, and the cancellation ticket seller makes some services vacant, as it is invalid to look after old children, asks the way etc.
Principle 8 passengers transfer is normally inevitable.The setting of any circuit can only be satisfied part passenger's needs, the adjustment of circuit can only accomplish to satisfy the requirement that most of passenger changes to less, bring inconvenience also can for simultaneously the other passenger, it is normally inevitable apart from passenger's transfer to majority length to ride in a bus.Have only taxi could satisfy the requirement that each passenger need not change to.
＜9〉a ticket system is to being not suitable for than long transmission line, and this is inequitable to passenger on short trips wherein, also is unfavorable for transfer, can occur spending more time waiting for crowded through special line vehicle phenomenon, and increase the weight of to crowd.And transfer is normally inevitable.The expenditure that transfer increases is relevant with passenger's income to passenger's ability to bear.The middle and low income group is usually caused very big burden, even impotentia takes bus on and off duty.
Now (with the garden is unit with three kinds of base units in order to say something, the relevant explanation of determining of face basic fare as follows) situation is done contrast, wherein every month ticket fee was calculated (containing trip holiday) by 25 days, the moon, transportation expenses were by calculating (it has comprised other public transport expense, as track traffic expense, long-distance fare etc.) in 30 days.
| Base unit (garden) | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | |||||||
| Every month ticket fee (garden) of number of transfer (inferior) number of times every day (inferior) ticket fee every day (garden) month transportation expenses (garden) | 0 2 2 50 60 | 1 4 4 100 120 | 2 6 6 150 180 | 0 2 3 75 90 | 1 4 6 150 180 | 2 6 9 225 270 | 0 2 4 100 120 | 1 4 8 200 240 | 2 6 12 300 360 | |
| Monthly income (garden) | Month transportation expenses account for the percentage of monthly income | |||||||||
| 600 1200 1800 2400 3600 4800 | 10 5 3.3 2.5 1.7 1.2 | 20 10 6.7 5 3.3 2.5 | 30 15 10 7.5 5 3.8 | 15 7.5 5 3.7 2.5 1.7 | 30 15 10 7.5 5 3.8 | 45 22.5 15 11 7.5 5.5 | 20 10 6.7 5 3.3 2.5 | 40 20 13.3 10 6.6 5 | 60 30 20 15 10 7.5 | |
Number of transfer difference passenger's the expenditure that can be multiplied as can be seen from the above table, obviously can increase the weight of low-income earner's burden, for example, monthly income is 600 garden persons, each garden of receiving, a train then can account for 20 percent of monthly income, just may select walking or by bike, for monthly income 1200 garden persons, the train that falls still can be accepted, and falls two trains with regard to over-burden, for monthly income 3600 garden persons, two trains that fall also influence not quite, and three kinds of admission fees also are different to different monthly income persons' influence, for monthly income is 600 garden persons, each two gardens of receiving can not account for 20 percent of monthly income even do not move backward yet, and will select walking or by bike, once in a while several times still can, be impossible as the vehicles on and off duty.Even for monthly income is two trains of 4800 garden persons, receive two gardens also it doesn't matter at every turn.Therefore, determine that rational base unit is important.
Self-service ticketing only just can be adopted in situation about satisfying condition because condition is more, and for example, the night shift bus is not met an urgent need in employing when condition is immature.
The passenger gets on the bus nearby, by the vote buying of paying of taking advantage of distance, the ticket seller gives the ticket small change, the passenger arrives at a station and gets off earlier nearby after ticket checking, this is very natural something, should not manage very complicated, more should not throw huge fund do showy and not substantial, needs lose contact with reality, if richly should at first be used for increasing vehicle, solve congested problem in car peak period.That self-service ticketing enthusiasm is the highest is the relevant personnel that promote relevant device and magnetic card, what be benefited maximum is enterprises of public transport's (whether real obviously benefit value must deeply be discussed), impaired maximum be to be in the numerous passengers of weak tendency status and the ticket seller who is laid off, they have been subjected to iniquitous treating.If increased the unemployed people, also can increase burden on society.
2 native systems preferentially adopt block meter rate ticketing system
＜1〉the definite method that has been defined as the explanation basic fare of basic fare, native system is decided to be the standard unit price to ten kilometers the admission fee of bus of travelling, note is done a garden, do not use currency unit circle or unit commonly used here, to show difference, can (can change) conversion by a certain percentage between them.It is throughout the year, the average of one day different period, cold and hot circuit, carry out unified standard unit price, can accomplish that computational methods simplify, it is fair to embody.The scope of application of standard admission fee is positive and negative five kilometers.Five kilometers following admission fees should be 0.5 garden for this reason, and this is fair for the passenger on short trips.20 kilometers (positive and negative five kilometers) are two gardens, and the like.For only taking advantage of a station (usually less than a kilometer) admission fee to should be the 0.1-0.2 garden, help transfer like this, more reasonable.Usually ride in about two kilometers for the A type method of operation, it is comparatively reasonable that admission fee should be the 0.2-0.5 garden.The small amount ticket can adopt multiple modes such as the method for inserting coins or coupon method, and the ticketing method is applicable to migrant and the local passenger who does not often ride.
＜2〉the definite foundation of basic fare
Basic fare is that the average monthly income with the middle and low income group is an important evidence, and also two of available minimum wage times are calculated, if be 1000 gardens, it is more reasonable that basic fare is about a garden.The general one thousandth that should not surpass monthly income can be referring to preceding table.Basic fare is not a foundation with the environment quality of vehicle, because along with the development vehicle environmental of society to improve (comprise and use air-conditioning and heating installation) be right, also be inevitable, the cost of Zeng Jiaing is seldom to each passenger on one's body on average for this reason, usually be negligible, and a process of progressively replacing arranged, some circuits are better, other circuits can be a little bit poorer, it is not a foundation with the speed of the speed of vehicle ', because along with the development vehicle speed-raising of society is very normal, and a process of progressively replacing is arranged, speed-raising only can cut operating costs, and in fact the operation cost of slow train in general can be apparently higher than the operation cost of express.
The rate of exchange between the various vehicles are wanted rationally, and steamer ticket is minimum, and train ticket takes second place, and other track vehicle (containing subway) takes second place again, is bus ticket then, and the most expensive should be plane ticket, and this is because the operation cost difference between them.Gap between them is wanted rationally, and can embody policy guidance, encourages people's first-selected track vehicle of going on a journey, and this is the most energy-conservation, environmental protection.Train ticket should not appear than bus ticket even the abnormality also more expensive than plane ticket.
Bus be timing alignment operation do not have a starting fare, taxi also should not have starting fare in fact, should be the minimum mileage of travelling, and was just more passable by this criterion calculation than this low person.
The height of admission fee is associated with the level of middle and low income, and basic life comprises that multinomial expenditures such as clothing, food, lodging and transportion--basic necessities of life, birth and old age, sickness and death, educational culture, row should account for a seldom part, and generally about 5 percent, over-burden to surpass 10.The height of admission fee should calculate with middle and low income group's average income level, also available social average income replaces (can represent 80 percent crowd at least) under the little situation of income gap, unavailable social average income level replaces under the very big situation of income gap, for example, 20 people's monthly incomes, 500 gardens and people's monthly income 10,000 gardens, about 1,000 gardens of monthly income per capita after average, if month traffic expenditure of measuring and calculating on this basis should be Wu Shiyuan, be 5 percent, burden rationally, but in fact middle and low income group's average income level is 500 gardens, differs greatly, and a month traffic expenditure is that has laid particular stress on regard to burden in 50 gardens.
The change of price is actually a kind of reallocation of interests, also can embody policy guidance, two kinds of selections are arranged here, and for example, government subsidizes the fuel oil ascensional range is reduced when fuel cost rises, rise to by the fare level that improves bus with oil price simultaneously, this will make crowd's real standard of living of the middle and low income that rides in a bus descend, and those people with high income take advantage of the car trip, have obtained subsidy, be actually a kind of encouragement, increased the consumption of the energy.The another kind of selection is that government does not subsidize when fuel cost rises, make the fuel oil ascensional range rise corresponding with fuel cost, simultaneously, subsidize because of the oil price loss that causes to public transport of rising, keep the fare level of bus, this will make crowd's real standard of living of the middle and low income that rides in a bus not descend, and those people with high income take advantage of the car trip will pay higher cost, be actually a kind of restriction, force and take economy, can reduce the consumption of the energy.Public transport is to have monopolistic enterprise, wants profit and is easy to, and raises the admission fee, reduce the operation train number, make the passenger crowded to capacity, just can obtain huge profit, because the middle and low income group is weak persons to enterprises of public transport, except that walking with by bike/have no option sometimes.At this moment enterprises of public transport usually lie in the sudden huge profits and make no attempt to make progress.
Public traffic in priority is not a slogan, and it needs the support of policy and supporting, and the purpose of fuel oil tax is energy conservation.Is a good method for dissimilar automobiles by using stroke milimeter number stepping to impose automobile use graduated tax, it comprises road toll, energy consumption additional cost, contaminated environment improvement expense etc., do more targeted like this, the automobile that can directly limit some types excessively uses, and the fund that therefrom obtains is used for subsidizing the operation of bus, support public traffic in priority.If a small amount of loss should be regulated additionally by the way of tax revenue, administer poor with richness in the bus operation, the benefit that also can improve system is taped the latent power and is solved, and doubles then and can turn loss into gain as operation benefits.
Determine that in sum the unit admission fee is the balance result of multiple factor, should act with caution.Here particularly middle and low income group's (main occupant) real revenue level is an important evidence, whether rationally can judge from its result, in the middle of at a distance traveler select the many of bus and walking or the people that rides white driving have obviously reduced, illustrate that living standard is improving, otherwise illustrate that living standard is descending, medium and long distance walking or people on and off duty by bike just can not exist basically when the low monthly income of receiving income person is 4800 gardens.
The preferential special-purpose monthly ticket system of individual that generally adopts of 3 native systems, monthly ticket can design multiple (comprising the supply system that all ticket systems and other do not calculate with the single ticket), adapts to various needs.It can adopt the mode of disregarding number of times, also can stipulate reasonably high reps limit.
Basic monthly ticket admission fee is that the average monthly income with the middle and low income group is an important evidence, and also two of available minimum wage times are calculated, if be 1000 gardens, it is more reasonable that basic monthly ticket admission fee is about the 50-60 garden.It is by suitable preferential the drawing of transfer situation once.
The circuit that basic monthly ticket allows to take has certain limit, can also derive multiple monthly ticket according to the range expansion situation, also can be on the basis of basic monthly ticket different passengers are given not of the same race preferential.
Disregard number of times and help transfer, it is fair to embody, and also is one of the key that can implement of native system.Also can stipulate reasonably maximum access times.
If the price accounting type monthly ticket also can be stipulated a ceiling.
Monthly ticket system is suitable for the permanent administrative staff of going out, and the policy of the high more explanation public traffic in priority of ratio that the people who holds monthly ticket accounts for the permanent administrative staff of going out is successful more.
Method 8 scientific comprehensive system evaluations
For a public bus network, a bus, when the configuration of the trend of circuit, vehicle class, go out after off-running time and operation determine at interval, operation is taken in basically and has just been determined under the normal condition of moving and effectively managing, and only need control steal a ride just passable with denial of passenger.For example, some circuits are own duty to satisfy society need, dispatch a car in the past for 5, and 23 are just returned the vehicle to the garage and knock off later on, operation keeps predetermined distance, other circuits are just dispatched a car later on for 6, and 20 are just returned the vehicle to the garage and knock off, noon, running interval reached two, 30 fens, robbing hot line by every means, is order ground with commercial, will occur not taking in wait, the phenomenon of bitterness and happiness inequality.Whether the benefit of estimating public transport is not enough from gaining only.Because public transport has monopoly, if do not add standard and retrain just very possible, as to be easy to become sudden huge profits enterprise.Very necessary to public transit system science thoroughly evaluating.Can be from following six aspect overall merits, not profit-push maximization merely.
1 security of system has raising, the driver is crucial, if driver's overburden is driven, not only can influence driver physical health (The Long-term Effect can be obvious), prior meeting is risen the traffic accident of special bus, special in the peak period of road conditions complexity, driver's vehicle of should concentrating one's energy to have driven is guaranteed safety.
2 system's handling capacities of passengers have increase, and the ratio that goes out the first-selected bus of administrative staff increases.It show as middle and long distance by bike with walking go out the pedestrian (with by bike and
Row is as except the people who takes exercises) obviously reduce, this minimizing is that out and out life improves to cyclist and walking people, simultaneously can also improve traffic, crossing particularly, when cyclist and walking people significantly descend, nonmotorized vehicle lane and pavement can obviously narrow down, and therefore some roads can increase by one, two motorway and not need to widen road and great amount of investment.It shows as takes advantage of the pedestrian that of kart obviously to reduce, this minimizing can obviously improve traffic tension, improve whole road speed, the speed of service of bus particularly, shorten riding time, also reduce social energy consumption simultaneously really and improved air quality, improved people's living environment.These development to the whole society are useful, and the people get economical.
3 system's cabin factors improve and accomplish balanced carrying, and native system can significantly improve the operation ability, excavate the existing system potentiality.
4 passengers' satisfaction rate improves, and service realizes hommization.Circuit is adjusted principle should build ew line earlier, progressively adjusts old line, guarantees that the passenger is satisfied.The change meeting of circuit is made troubles to a few peoples, implements native system for this reason and will build ew line earlier, increases ew line in improvement, approved by the passenger gradually, progressively adjust old line then, merge, relocate, adjust by stages and carry out, whether need to cancel and to decide with demand, guarantee that passenger's satisfaction is basic.
5 various consumes obviously reduce, and vehicle service life is long, and oil consumption descends.
6 operation enterprise meagre profits are not answered sudden huge profits, and losing at first should tap the latent power internally solves as occurring, efficient can return to the meagre profit level after improving, and the middle and low income level is low can suitably to raise the admission fee if transportation expenses account for, if higher, government should subsidize, and avoids gap between the rich and the poor excessive.
Owing to adopted such scheme and method just can realize the purpose that native system will reach well, be described further below in conjunction with embodiment.
East, embodiment 1 Beijing four 1-10 bars zone public transport scheme Figure 22 is its schematic diagram, among the figure: major trunk roads are 10 around the eastern four 1-10 bar zones, street inwardly, Dongsibei Dajie, Chaoyangmenbei Xiaojie, and many buses are arranged by these major trunk roads, the 1-9 bar is the one-way road, 1,3,5,7, article 9, be single file to the right, 2,4,6, article 8, be single file left, Figure 22-1,2,3 have adopted three kinds of order block recycle circuits respectively, circuit is by 4 in 1, article 7,, circuit is by 3 in 2, article 6,, circuit is by 5 in 3, article 8,, three-line just can cover 1-10 bar zone and contiguous location, three-way interval is regulated and control at eastern four stations, the fixed point of staggering the time operation, vehicle seldom just can make things convenient for the passenger's trip in this zone, and at this moment the selectable circuit of passenger is many public bus networks on four major trunk roads, increased the chance of selecting, this can obviously reduce number of transfer.Bus in the district in the alleyway mostly is middle-size and small-size passenger vehicle, carries out timing operation, and HOP ON scheme, its admission fee can be 0.2 to 0.3 garden, carry out a ticket system self-service ticketing, and monthly ticket is effectively disregarded number of times.Real round dot on the circuit is the small station interchange of position, and is smaller than the distance at existing station, transfer and more convenient by bus.
The embodiment teacher village zone public transport scheme Figure 23 that advances 2 Tianjin is its schematic diagram, among the figure: major trunk roads are the road, paradise around the zone, teacher village of advancing, the embankment road, the friendship road, Guang Donglu, and many buses are arranged by these major trunk roads, the enhancement road is arranged in the zone, preceding access, South Road, Huangpu, the litchi detour, elegant more many Zhi Daolu in road, two big block, field recycle circuits have been adopted, article one, by South Road, Huangpu, article one, by elegant more road, remainder is overlapping, promoting the road, Li Wanluchu increases little block, a field recycle circuit, further to satisfy passenger in this zonule needs of going on a journey.Three-line just can cover this zone and contiguous location, three-way interval is regulated and control at the friendship crossing, the fixed point of staggering the time operation, vehicle seldom just can make things convenient for the passenger's trip in this zone, at this moment the selectable line of passenger is many public bus networks on four major trunk roads, increased the chance of selecting, this can obviously reduce number of transfer.Bus in the district on the by-path mostly is middle-size and small-size passenger vehicle, carries out timing operation, and HOP ON scheme, its admission fee can be 0.2 to 0.3 garden, carry out a ticket system self-service ticketing, and monthly ticket is effectively disregarded number of times.Real round dot on the circuit is the small station interchange of position, and is smaller than the distance at existing station, transfer and more convenient by bus.Because these circuits have been arranged, detour 47, but No. 48 automobile cut-ofves are walked embankment road (can increase branch line when needed), no longer detour and to save about ten minutes, this can save about 20 minutes for passing by by bus to come and go herein passenger every day, can save two cars (by calculating in five minutes at interval for the every road of public transport company, interval as the topmost loop wire circuit in Tianjin peak period should be significantly less than five minutes), can shorten running interval as again this two cars being put into effect, reduce passenger's waiting time, and realized energy-conservation increasing income, the passenger's (belonging to minority relatively completely) who gets on or off the bus for this place can change to because of the circuit in the zone is arranged, need not walk also is easily, the circuit on the major trunk roads all according to this thinking adjust.
Embodiment 3 Beijing three rings are its schematic diagrames with Nei Jiugong district public transport scheme Figure 24, among the figure:
Figure 24-the 1st, its whole conspectus, Beijing three ring is divided into nine districts with interior, adopt Jiu Gong district recycle circuit, there is a clockwise loop line in every district, for example, there is Dongdan the center, the Xidan, article ten,, clockwise loop wire in the safety, constitute a ring, Dongdan to Xidan and ten to safety in and they two be two horizontal major trunk roads to extended line, Dongdan to ten and west in safety and they two be two vertical major trunk roads to extended line, be equipped with the bus main line, horizontal three districts (or two districts) and vertical three districts (or two districts) all are provided with clockwise transregional loop wire, three rings are provided with way traffic circuit (the circuit dotted line is represented counterclockwise), two rings are provided with a day block recycle circuit, because of the loop wire grade separation is unimpeded, can establish way traffic circuit (traffic direction is not marked among the figure), also can increase limited left-hand bend Jiu Gong district recycle circuit in the place of needs.
Figure 24-the 2nd, trivial interior lines, its center road schematic diagram, other district also can reference, among the figure: east four is to Xisi and two be another horizontal major trunk roads to extended line, from laterally, Dongdan, Xidan, Xisi, east four are provided with a clockwise loop line, in the safety, ten, east four, Xisi also are provided with a clockwise loop line, from vertically, adopt ring ring connecting type recycle circuit, and with adjacent about two districts be associated.Relevant place is indicated on the figure.
Station district, embodiment 4 BeiJing, Beijing City and relevant range public transport scheme Figure 25 are its schematic diagrames, among the figure:
Form product block recycle circuit in Beijing Station by three loop wires, article one, be Beijing Station, the Beijing Station street, the Jianguomen, two rings, the ZhanDong Street,BeiJing, Beijing Station, two of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips are Beijing Stations, the ZhanDong Street,BeiJing, two rings, the Chongwenmendong Dajie Beijing Station, three of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips are Beijing Stations, the Chongwenmen, Dongdan, the Beijing Station street, Beijing Station, they form three super-huge stations of loop wire ferry-boat formula, like this, take by two rings, Chongwenmendong Dajie, street in the Chongwenmen, the passenger of each the road bus that belongs to Beijing Station district's control of Jianguomennei Dajie all can directly change to the ferry-boat vehicle at debarkation stop and arrive Beijing Station, is very easy to the passenger.
On the basis at each super-huge station of loop wire ferry-boat formula, can adopt unidirectional expanded type recycle circuit, to a certain direction expansion, for example, expansion westwards on the basis of mat woven of fine bamboo strips three-line, Beijing Station is arranged, the Chongwenmen, Taijichang Dajie (Wangfujing Nan Kou), Dongdan, return Beijing Station through the Beijing Station street, Beijing Station is arranged, the Chongwenmen, the Qianmendong Dajie, history museum, the East Chang'an Street, Dongdan, return Beijing Station through the Beijing Station street, Beijing Station is arranged, the Chongwenmen, the Qianmendong Dajie, street, east, Xuanwumen, the Xidan, the Xichang'an Jie, the East Chang'an Street, Dongdan, return Beijing Station through the Beijing Station street, Beijing Station is arranged, the Chongwenmen, behind the West 2nd Ring Road, turn back again through Dongdan, Beijing Station returns Beijing Station in the street, Beijing Station is arranged, the Chongwenmen, return behind the through Beijing West Railway Station, through Dongdan, Beijing Station is got back in the street by Beijing Station, 10 bus to southern vegetable garden can also be made into the west to the expansion circuit, like this, the passenger is from the western station, revive door, the Xidan, Tian An-men, the Qianmen, the Wangfujing, it is round all very convenient that Beijing Station is located in Dongdan etc.The passenger who takes by other each road bus of linking to each other with above-mentioned each circuit all can get off at continuous station, directly changes to these ferry-boat vehicles and arrives Beijing Station, is very easy to the passenger.To the unidirectional expanded type recycle circuit of the also oriented expansion to the east exhibition in Beijing West Railway Station, mode is identical equally.Can adopt unidirectional expanded type recycle circuit eastwards, southwards, northwards from Beijing Station.For example, expansion eastwards on the basis of a circuit of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips, have to the ferry-boat formula circuit of three ring international trade bridges, international trade bridge to Beijing Station is all changed to this circuit with long transmission line far away, thereby (carrying is few during usually to Beijing Station to reduce these long transmission lines, as 938 the road and its each branch line) to the influence of Beijing Station district's traffic, can also cancel 403 tunnel terminal that are located in the Beijing Station district and change loop wire into.And for example,, expansion northwards on the basis of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips one, three-line, have to 24 tunnel of the Wai Zuojia village, Dongzhimen, have from Beijing Station return 713 the tunnel (former line major station circuit should not walked Beijing Station, can cross over and pass through the urban district, its small station circuit can be divided into two sections, turns back separately in Beijing Station).For another example, expansion southwards on the basis on mat woven of fine bamboo strips two-lines road, have from Beijing Station eastwards to two the ring, through Gate of Everlasting Stability behind the southern station, again through the Xuanwumen, Qianmenxi Dajie and eastern street, Chongwenmen, return 20 road loop wires (the Beijing Station district does not establish the terminal) of Beijing Station then, have through the Chongwenmen to Beijing Station, again 39 tunnel, 41 branch roads, 713 tunnel (the small station circuit is divided into two sections) that return behind two rings eastwards, circuits such as 723 tunnel.The circuit method to set up is identical, no longer describes in detail, and the part circuit that only draws among the figure, every circuit also can be regarded as and be the super super-huge station of loop wire ferry-boat formula.
The original circuit to the Beijing Station district can also be adjusted on the basis of line arrangements in front, for example, 104 road and 103 tunnel cancellation terminal, Beijing Station place are made loop wire into, can adopt following proposal: the car that this circuit leaves for Beijing Station turns left to be bent to the goldfish alleyway at the middle part, Wangfujing Dajie, turn right again after the craspedodrome and be bent to Chaoyangmennan Xiaojie, keep straight on arriving Beijing Station again (or turns right after keeping straight on again and is bent to Dongdan Beijing University street, the street in the Chongwenmen of keeping straight on), then through the Chongwenmen, the Taijichang Dajie Wangfujing Dajie of keeping straight on, constitute loop wire, make two bus behind the loop wire into the meeting that influences of Beijing Station district's traffic is obviously descended.More convenient to the passenger, the pedestrian street, Wangfujing should not thought in absolute terms yet, if allow unidirectional bus special line current, and establishes the small station, and the people is more convenient to walking, if bus by the time speed of a motor vehicle suitable, can not produce other problem yet.And for example, 108 road and 111 tunnel cancellation terminal, Chongwenmen are made loop wire into, can adopt following proposal: this circuit leaves for car (or Dongdan) right-hand bend in the Chongwenmen of Chongwenmen, turn right again after moving ahead, by constituting loop wire behind the Wangfujing Dajie, also can adopt following proposal: the car that leaves for the Chongwenmen turns left to be bent to the treasure street earlier, turn right again after the craspedodrome and be bent to Chaoyangmennan Xiaojie, keep straight on again and arrive Beijing Station, turn right through the Chongwenmen then, constitute loop wire by Dongdan Beijing University street, make two bus behind the loop wire into the meeting that influences of Chongwenmen crossing traffic is obviously descended.Also can bring convenience the passenger.
The Beijing Station district should be provided with the bus dispatching center, be responsible for uniform dispatching, respective lines can be established control room and drivers and conductors rest room, be responsible for line management, the content of scheduling and management adopts each method in the convenient and efficient human-based management, for example, the bus timing operation each other and the interval control that enter each bar public bus network in Beijing Station district should be formulated by the control centre is unified, outwards arrange step by step then.And for example, do not establish terminal and garage in heavy traffic areas such as Beijing Station, Chongwenmen, Qianmen, Beijing West Railway Stations in principle, each road bus all adopts recycle circuit, and quickly and orderly is by these areas, drivers and conductors every two hours have a rest once (each corresponding lengthening of time of having a rest) also be feasible.For another example, in two forbidden left-hand bends of cross road of Beijing exit and Chongwenmen (public bus network does not need to turn left herein), can further improve the traffic ability at this place after aforementioned adjustment.
Dongdan, Beijing south orientation road is street in the Chongwenmen, have a lot of social connections in the road, Dongdan north orientation road is Dongdan Beijing University street, eastern street, four north and south and extended line, road is narrow, be not complementary, before arrow path is not widened coupling, can adopt scheme 14-width road cooperation operating scheme, adjacent Wangfujing Dajie, street, traffic mouth north and south and extended line and aforementioned arrow path are seen be integral, and through two the ring converge at the wide road of Street Outside Andingmen, shown in Figure 14-1, realize like that the coupling.Can also also add adjacent north and south in Chaoyang Men side street and extended line together, see from the safety main road just to form such coupling shown in Figure 14-2 first half.Just form coupling such shown in Figure 14-3 from three rings.Also can form coupling such shown in Figure 14-4 toward north again.
The through transport scheme of embodiment 6 Tong County, Beijing City-urban district-Fragrance Hill and suburbs and counties under the jurisdiction of a large city
The compound recycle circuit of scheme 9-is adopted in through transport, Fig. 9 is its schematic diagram, the two-way loop wire in city, figure center line route 9A Tong County begins, tours start here and garage are located in the east, the morning peak period the two-way into city of dispatching a car, interior lines, county town way station is apart from can be big small station, decide as required, 9B is one-stop great-leap-forward circuit, at this moment through East 3rd Ring Road, urban district international trade bridge (owing to advance city's wagon flow obviously greater than reverse wagon flow from Tong County, road adopts three center line track tuning roads herein, the direction lane number of going down town is many), after this divide three the tunnel, one the tunnel returns the back comes and goes operation, one the tunnel becomes three ring recycle circuits of 9C way traffic, after peak period, leave for Fragrance Hill as travelling route 9D, one the tunnel is the emerging bridge in the through West 3rd Ring Road of one-stop great-leap-forward circuit 9E, after this one-line coming and going between Liang Qiao, 9F, 9G is the super-huge station of straight line ferry-boat formula described in the method 2, M is Fragrance Hill, at this moment because of returning the city passenger seldom, participate in the operation of suburbs and counties under the jurisdiction of a large city loop wire 9L circuit again, recall suburbs and counties under the jurisdiction of a large city's loop wire operation afternoon when the return passenger increases, participate in the operation at the super-huge station of straight line ferry-boat formula, place, Fragrance Hill, and then return the urban district, and participate in the operation of three loop wire roads, the evening peak period is returned Tong County again, get back to the parking lot and be that operation in second day is ready, at this moment owing to go out city's wagon flow obviously greater than reverse wagon flow, road adopts three center line track tuning roads herein, and the direction lane number that goes out of the city is many.They constitute general route, carry out through transport, and the method for operation is multiple, can adjust as required, also is applicable to other tourist attractions.
Figure 26 is its schematic diagram, returns the station, Tianjin from the station, Tianjin after northern station, western station, Li Qizhuan stood Haihe River among the figure, forms loop wire, and railway is suitable for the principle that keeps left, and operates to the master with inhour, and doublet is partly for needing the road construction section.Can also return the composition loop wire again behind Tanggu eastwards from station, Lee seven village, also can constitute a day block recycle circuit, these should become the trunk line of Tianjin public transport.The effect of giving full play to railway is the first-selected measure that improves traffic.
Embodiment 8 Beijing track traffic dicyclo is penetrated district's recycle circuit
Figure 27 is its schematic diagram, adopt scheme 6-ring to penetrate district's recycle circuit among the figure, it encircles in two ring subways being, with Beijing Station, the western station, the northern station is connected, Beijing Station, the western station links to each other with apple orchard to four Weybridge subway by public transport ferry-boat line, outer shroud is for pressing numbering 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, line is formed between the station of 1 order, railway is suitable for the principle that keeps left, operate to the master with inhour, doublet is partly for needing the road construction section, the capital envelope curve is born at the northern station, the capital leads to line, line is held in the capital, the train of Qun Dynasty's line direction, Beijing Station bears capital Qin line, Beijing-Tianjin inter-city, the train of Beijing-Shanghai line direction, Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is born in the Beijing West Railway Station, the former line in capital, the train of Feng Sha line direction, the train and through transport (the wide direction through transport in Beijing-Harbin and capital of Beijing-Kowloon Railway Line direction born at the southern station, Jing Pu and Jing Bao, the direction through transport is held in the capital) terminal, such division of labor can make things convenient for the passenger, it is crowded to reduce Beijing Station and western station, the performance comprehensive benefit, along with following station of development should be located on the outer shroud railway position referring to the numbering place, needn't enter the urban district with regional in addition passenger near the loop wire like this can easily ride, simultaneously can also reduce the traffic pressure in urban district, can extend to the station No. 3 at No. five lines of the subway of building (shown in the dotted line), high-speed railway between northeast and capital are wide is shown in dotted line also should to pass through No. 3 stations, existing two subways communicate between Beijing Station and western station, through transport is located at the southern station, many circuits in the native system are arranged again, come and go special line and link to each other, do not need to build again underground railway.Railway between 7 Beijing-Tianjins distributes and is seen as class 8 block recycle circuits on the whole in conjunction with the embodiments, and Beijing-Tianjin inter-city is middle round great-leap-forward circuit, and the Beijing-Tianjin Ji also can be opened the loop wire rail track.
More than each embodiment all can adjust according to actual needs.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit mainly is made up of public bus network and means of transportation, it is characterized in that: on the basis of principle and public transport present situation that rests on a scientific basis, determined schematic design principle 1-8, formulated with scheme 1-9 is the partition type recycle circuit of representative, increased with scheme 10-18 is the corresponding road assurance facility of representative, to guarantee system's convenient and efficient ground operation, and adopted with flexible human-based management way 1-8 supporting with it, they are suitable for various public transportation systems, can implement step by step as required, can increase the house change, adjust data, to adapt to the complicated current situation of traffic and the needs of development, each scheme is applicable to the principle that keeps left through respective change.
2, the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the basis of principle and public transport present situation that rests on a scientific basis, determined schematic design principle 1-8, comprise: principle 1-generally is suitable for principle, principle 2-comes and goes the principle of need not turning left, but principle 3-subregion is established the circuit principle, principle 4-connection terminals setting principle, the principle 5-passenger flow layering control principle of staggering the time, principle 6-firmly guarantees the bus principle that passes unimpeded, principle 7-inlet is kept under strict control and is exported unimpeded principle, the normally inevitable principle of principle 8-passenger transfer.
3, the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: having formulated with scheme 1-9 is the partition type recycle circuit of representative, it comprises that scheme 1-is based on clockwise recycle circuit, it has annular recycle circuit, the square shape recycle circuit, the recycle circuit that has left-hand bend, ring ring connecting type recycle circuit, unidirectional expanded type recycle circuit, scheme 2-Lu word, day word, product block recycle circuit, scheme 3-field word, order block recycle circuit, scheme 4-Back Word district (containing many rings) recycle circuit, scheme 5-8 word, class 8 block recycle circuits, scheme 6-ring is penetrated district's recycle circuit, scheme 7-Jiu Gong district recycle circuit, the limited left-hand bend Jiu Gong of scheme 8-district recycle circuit, the compound recycle circuit of scheme 9-.
4, the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: having increased with scheme 10-18 is the corresponding road assurance facility of representative, it comprises the middle island formula cross walk that scheme 10-both sides signal is controlled separately, the current archipelago formula cross walk of staggering the time in scheme 11-both sides, scheme 12-bicycle binary channels station, scheme 13-passenger vehicle special line road, scheme 14-width road cooperates operating scheme, scheme 15-three center line track tuning roads, scheme 16-crossing left-hand bend control method, scheme 17-adopts the lamp system that can improve safety and efficient, and scheme 18-adopts efficient thrifty road design scheme.
5, the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it has adopted with flexible human-based management way 1-8 supporting with it, it comprises the vehicle configuration of method 1-integrated dispatch, set up at the station of method 2-zero distance transfer, method 3-conveniently moves arrangement, the efficient convenience-for-people time control of method 4-, the passenger flow control of the effective layering of method 5-, the measure of passing unimpeded of method 6-classification regulation and control, the ticket system that method 7-is fair and reasonable is selected the scientific comprehensive system evaluation of method 8-.
6, the public transportation system of the convenient and efficient based on the partition type recycle circuit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each scheme is applicable to the principle that keeps left through respective change.
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| CN103871238A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-18 | 宁波保税区攀峒信息科技有限公司 | Bus traffic organization method |
| CN104866686A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-08-26 | 李晓华 | City bus route layout method by two-dimensional network method |
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| CN106652537A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 华北理工大学 | System and method for automatic reservation and scheduling of college faculty member transportation vehicles |
| CN106652537B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2020-01-31 | 华北理工大学 | Automatic reservation scheduling system and method for college teaching staff to pick up and send out vehicles |
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