Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve affects the problems such as Public Traveling, operation performance are not high in bus-transit tissue.For addressing the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bus-transit method for organizing, by controlling public bus network redundancy degree, controlling public bus network distance travelled and carry out the measures such as transfer relay and transform and optimize, when providing better bus service for the public, promote operation performance.
A kind of bus-transit method for organizing of the present invention, improve the turnover service efficiency of motorbus and the interlock efficiency of plugging into respect to existing bus-transit tissue, improve travelling speed, shorten fully stand-by period and transfer time, thereby for the public provides convenient, bus service efficiently, meanwhile, also can improve the conevying efficiency lifting operation performance of motorbus itself.The present invention has used for reference some thinkings in Computer Network Planning method and " One-road one-line " pattern etc., as target, existing bus-transit tissue is carried out to the change of essence to carry out changing to relay, and concrete scheme is:
The one, control public bus network redundancy degree, generally continuous two stops are not exceeded the public bus network approach simultaneously of 3, in the situation that external factor is controlled, can strengthen circuit Redundant Control dynamics, continuous two stops, section, inner city are not exceeded the public bus network of 2, and simultaneously approach or continuous two stops, interval section are not exceeded public bus network approach or this both combinations simultaneously of 2.Public bus network redundancy, has coincidence between public bus network, this is common phenomenon in the planning of current public transport network, sometimes influence each other because circuit too much causes each road motorbus to flock together, even in bus stop and near zone cause that local traffic blocks up.Owing to there being coincidence, will inevitably causing mutual contention passenger flow in various degree, thereby reduce conevying efficiency.So propose " One-road one-line " layout pattern because above-mentioned drawback has people, but eliminating redundancy completely can cause again transfer rate to increase and transfer inconvenience, once in addition because traffic congestion or other event cause temporary transient interruption of public bus network operation of approach, the passenger on this circuit can travel by the public transport system because the selection that there is no other has a strong impact on it so.Therefore, public bus network redundancy degree can not be too high, can not have, so a kind of method of controlling redundance is provided here, generally only allowing continuous two stops or longer distance only to have and be not exceeded the public bus network approach simultaneously of 3, alternatively say, is exactly an arbitrary public bus network,, can on the station board at these three stations, not there is not the bus of 3 same routes in continuous three bus stops (middle distance be two stops) simultaneously.If the external influence factors such as traffic congestion are controlled, strengthen management of traffic order as passed through, further shorten running length so that can carry out at any time frequency adjustment etc., can greatly reduce because traffic congestion or other event cause the temporary transient probability interrupting of public bus network operation of approach, can further strengthen for circuit Redundant Control dynamics so, because inner city and non-central city traffic administrative situation and road traffic condition are all very different, therefore can control respectively, two stops as continuous in section, control center city are not exceeded the public bus network of 2, and simultaneously approach or continuous two stops, interval section are not exceeded public bus network approach or this both combinations simultaneously of 2.
The 2nd, control public bus network distance travelled, more than 90% public bus network is no more than 90 minutes or 45 minutes under normal circumstances omnidistance working time.Under normal circumstances in the situations such as the common unscheduled event that also do not run into traffic control or affect motorbus of not blocking up, accident, fault, in general, motorbus operational management mechanism is exactly based on this " under normal circumstances " for having an estimation roughly, this estimation the working time between omnidistance working time even every station in the time offering a public bus network.Public bus network is oversize, easily be subject to having a strong impact on of extraneous factor, middle somewhere goes wrong and all goes wrong completely, sometimes just greatly increase the stand-by period, particularly when urgent need on and off duty is ridden, sometimes several the motorbuses with circuit arrive in succession continuously, cause conevying efficiency to reduce.Shorten line length and first can reduce affected scope, circuit is short, and the scope that relative influence is propagated is also just little.Secondly shorten line length and be conducive to reduce the stand-by period, part of path is reduced by external factor effect, is also conducive to the flexible dispatching of motorbus simultaneously, and as improved departure frequency frequency increase in peak period, these all can reduce the stand-by period; And if circuit is oversize, even if increase departure frequency, this adjustment is experienced at middle approach station backward still to be needed to wait for the longer time, needs the time because propagate.So here from control effect scope with realize the aspects such as flexible dispatching, arbitrary public bus network is controlled in 90 minutes or 45 minutes omnidistance working time under normal circumstances.But some situation allows not to be subject to this to limit, such as connecting rural circuit, run through the trunk line in whole city, but such circuit can not be too many, because of be controlled at total amount 10% in.
The 3rd, carry out transfer relay, change to the ridership that can arrive with twice with interior (containing twice) relay and be main target to the maximum and carry out public transport network planning.Consider in a certain respect from redundancy or mileage etc. separately above, this is the needs that consider to meet better services.Existingly with the ridership maximum of going directly being that number of transfer is minimum, upwards of movement is to the maximum in the planning of main target public transport network, also there is a large amount of transfer demands, because it is difficult to cater for all tastes, any circuit can not meet too many people's different demands, therefore carry out the own rule that transfer relay more meets bus-transit, this just need to consider plugging between different public bus networks as a whole, can be changed to and be improved relay on circuit in difference and arrive near destination or destination by several times thereby reach.From getting off, to waiting for, need to consume the regular hour to transfer this complete transfer cycle of another bus again, this overlong time affects the enthusiasm of riding in a bus too.Reduce the elapsed time of transfer, first to control number of transfer, therefore be to require to take at most the travel requirement that No. 3 motorbuses can meet most people (generally require is in reasonably total kilometrage or regional extent simultaneously) with interior (containing twice) twice and carry out gauze planning according to being controlled at here, considering plugging between different public bus networks as a whole realizes this goal, as: can bus line be divided into circuit and interval circuit in district according to the nature of city function or artificial subregion, road is divided to trunk line by the demand size of riding in a bus and condition of road surface along the line, non-trunk line and extension line circuit, trunk line generally belongs to interval circuit, and can be across multi-region, as concentrate fast transportation circuit to plug into close on simultaneously and intersects interval circuit, for raising travelling speed can be taked the measures such as public transportation lane, non-trunk line generally belongs to circuit in district, plugs into interval circuit to facilitate trip simultaneously, but also can be used as interval circuit as improving the coverage rate of motorbus, is generally used for circuit in the district in two regions of plugging into, extended link is generally used for and connects discrete residential area as remote rural area, industrial district etc., and the other end is general plugs into trunk line realization.Secondly reduce as far as possible the needed time of single transfer, one of measure is exactly to change to as auxiliary with station as main, non-with the transfer of standing, in non-situation of changing to station, two stop spacings are from be no more than 300 meters (can arrive with common walking speed) in 4 minutes, preferably be no more than 150 meters (can in 2 minutes, arrive with common walking speed), when therefore plan middle planning public transport station, will consider especially; Two of measure is corresponding transfer passage or similar facilities in the situation that of the transfer of non-same station, can connect the special transfer passage at two stations, also can improve based on original passage the leader labels such as corresponding instruction, graticule, to improve passage rate, this also plans the factor that will consider when public transit system is built.
Above-mentioned bus-transit method for organizing, can supplement following any one or many kinds of measures, to improve the attractive force of bus-transit and to improve bus-transit:
The one, transfer can be enjoyed large preferential admission fee, to encourage the common people to ride in a bus.Encouraging the common people to ride in a bus is not only the needs that reduce common people associated overhead, more be to realize in order to reduce traffic congestion the needs that have a good transport and communication network and reduce exhaust emissions promotion environmental protection etc.Therefore, the enthusiasm that excite the common people to ride in a bus, incentive fare measure is generally absolutely necessary, and in general compares the admission fee of independently taking respectively and adds up to preferential dynamics should be not less than 30%, and even freely transfer, so just attractive.
The 2nd, public bus network does not generally detour except loop wire, though unless necessary or the distance must and increasing because detouring be in this case no more than 20% of optimal route.The form not detouring comprises straight line and the broken line not turning back, and can take one of two kinds of forms or jointly adopt according to actual conditions.Loop wire comprises the loop wire that 1 public bus network independently forms, and the common loop wire forming of 2 and above public bus network, and the loop wire of this situation refers to mutual tandem array, does not wherein include loop wire by a place or the many places multistage public bus network that forms ring of plugging into.A complete loop wire is divided into two from diagonal line, also should all meets above-mentioned requirements.Necessity refers to for convenient transfer, realize plug into and specially people be the stop station causing, the situations such as certain section that detour, must refer to the situations such as detouring of causing because traffic control, Lu Weitong etc. are non-artificial.It is that travelling speed is crossed the major reason that slow overlong time, the part common people are unwilling to ride in a bus that circuit detours, should reduce and detour as far as possible, even if allow suitably detouring under above-mentioned a few cases, also need opposing connection stroke degree to control, it is that the distance increasing because detouring is no more than 20% of optimal route that the control here requires, and so just can not increase and expend the too much time because detouring.
The 3rd, improve transfer prompting, for having obvious prompting with standing and closing on station transfer, or be improved current specialized designs each other for difference station transfer situation, or both meet these simultaneously.Why inconvenient current transfer is, be relative with relevant prompting imperfection, particularly different stations transfer (refer to transfer must arrive the situation of riding in a bus in other bus stop of closing on), also do not point out at present, need passenger oneself to go to research and analyse to find completely, therefore near can pointing out, there is which transfer stop, can change to which circuit, how to go the contents such as these transfer stops, even also can comprise contents such as how reaching some large-scale transfer stops; For what change to station, existing prompting also has improved space, as point out the general direction (the name of station popularity having is not high) of each circuit, and can be by pointing out wider or more well-known place name to point out general direction, other circuit that also can point out front to plug into.
Above-mentioned bus-transit method for organizing, can take following any one or many kinds of measures further to improve:
The one, for long-term in specific region or section, the regular motorbus occurring of specific time period take demand peak, improve the departure frequency of all or part of approach public bus network according to this rule in this period, reduce the departure frequency of all or part of approach public bus network for such ebb.The demand of riding in a bus is the same with road traffic, also has peak and ebb, although rule separately has certain correlativity, but not necessarily fit like a glove.Period on and off duty is modal peak period, and situation is adjusted departure frequency according to demand, and this is a kind of important means of conveniently taking and improving bus transit performance, both can better meet common people's demand, again cost-saved increasing the benefit.But it is directive that some peaks are tools, as working peak be from outside the city come to town, residential block is to business district, the peak of coming off duty is contrary, so will adjust targetedly according to these rules.Be exactly railway station, the coach station that passenger flow is relatively concentrated in addition, the period rule in this class place is relevant with the time of running of itself, carry out both linkings, just can accomplish to evacuate in time corresponding passenger flow.
The 2nd, for long-term in locality, the regular motorbus occurring of specific time period takes demand peak, the vehicle line of adjusting all or part of motorbus of the public bus network within the scope of all or part of 500 meters in this period according to this rule makes it by way of this place.This situation is as middle and primary schools, and it is gone to school and classes are over all can produce a high peak dot around school, and to be all father and mother drive to pick in current many cities, causes part seriously to block up, thereby can attract relevant passenger flow reduce this blocking up by this measure.Railway station, the long-distance passenger transportation of relatively concentrating for passenger flow stands in the order of classes or grades at school such as night more rare time, evacuates passenger flow and also can adopt this method.
The 3rd, for the traffic congestion peak occurring in specific road section, specific time period regularity for a long time, the vehicle line of adjusting all or part of motorbus of the public bus network of all or part of approach in this period according to this rule makes it not by way of this section, or opens up public transportation lane according to this rule in this section of this period.Peak on and off duty causes part section to comprise that seriously blocking up all likely appears in traffic major trunk roads, corresponding motorbus is also had a strong impact on, cause the passenger flow cannot rapid evacuation, at this moment can consider to avoid corresponding section, improve the operational efficiency of motorbus, evacuate in time passenger flow, thereby improve the attractive force of motorbus.
The 4th, for the current situation of having a strong impact on of interim appearance, according to the vehicle line of the interim all or part of motorbus of adjusting the public bus network in all or part of influenced scope of this situation make its recover normal before not by way of influenced scope.Traffic hazard and other local unexpected incidents may cause local interim seriously blocking up, cause the motorbus of approach circuit almost to interrupt, in the time there is this situation, should give motorbus certain dirigibility, adjust circuit, to better meet the demand of trip temporarily.
The 5th, take the statistical law of demand size and select the vehicle of motorbus by proportional relation according to motorbus.The motorbus purchase cost of different size, operation cost difference, larger cost is higher, and in the volume of the flow of passengers far below handling capacity of passengers in the situation that, corresponding resource is wasted especially, is therefore necessary to carry out option and installment motorbus vehicle according to the rule of the volume of the flow of passengers.In order to adapt to the different situation of the different period volumes of the flow of passengers of same circuit, can disunity vehicle and carry out flexible dispatching according to actual conditions.Certainly,, for the ease of identification, the mark of circuit is wanted highly significant, also can take the motorbus of approximate direction circuit can take the measures such as approximate outward appearance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The tissue of Ningbo City's bus-transit
Ningbo City comprises 6 districts, Hai Shu, the east of a river, the north of the Changjiang River are called Lao Sanqu, substantially separate mutually by three rivers, and inner city, Yinzhou District is closely connected with Jiangdong District, but separated by a railway generally, the inner city in northern logical sequence, twoth district, Zhenghai is far away every above-mentioned 4th district.Therefore generally can Jiang Lao 3rd district and other three district centers city divide 6 zoness of different into.
Lao 3rd district, have across twoth district even across the backbone in length and breadth in 3rd district, as the Zhongshan Road across east of a river Hai Shu, Bai Zhang Lu-Liu Ting street-Lian Fenglu etc., there is road-Ningnan road, the east of a river in the connection east of a river, inner city, Yin state, rainbow road-Tian Tonglu, middle Xing Lu-Qian Hu road, Fu Minglu-Innovation Road, the deep blue sea Lu-Ning cross road etc., Yinzhou District also has main road, backbone Yinxian County and the main road, Mingzhou across town and country in district, Yu Zhu city, logical sequence inner city, north (east of a river) connection mainly contains south of the River highway and thorough fare road, Yu Zhu city, inner city, Zhenghai (east of a river) connection mainly contains peaceful town highway, these both middle non-central downtown roads that all have longer distance.Other road is listed no longer one by one.
Based on above-mentioned situation, the basic framework of Ningbo City's bus-transit can be organized like this:
Trunk line covers the above-mentioned backbone in length and breadth of mentioning, and on every backbone, the public bus network of complete covering is generally 1, except connecting the circuit in northern logical sequence Zhenghai, other circuit under normal circumstances working time general control in 45 minutes.Its end by extend with other circuit on different backbones or directly be connected the circuit realization of more remote rural and plug into, general employing with station plugged into and realized with station transfer, belong to circuit end points and when the quantity of plugging into exceedes 3 construction the station of berthing, safeguard, maintaining can be provided.Then lay and connect more remote rural circuit, for the fairly large small towns of approach, can set up again the public bus network that Yi Cizhen center is core.
In regional, in proper order main line is basis instrument 1-3 bar loop wire (one loop wire can be made up of 1 and Above Transmission Lines), general control working time (lower same) in 45 minutes under normal circumstances, completing framework covers, such as Haishu District can railway be that border is divided into two sub regions, one, each region loop wire, is realizing and plugging into backbone crossing elimination place, the general different stations transfer manner that adopts; In the situation that coverage rate is obviously not high, do not realize inferior main line (comprising trans-regional) laying that public transport covers some general do not detour public bus network, part section can overlap with backbone circuit to realize and plug into, at this moment can adopt with station transfer, also can realize and the plugging into of other any circuit at infall, for the circuit transregional, realize transregional circuit and plug into.Be finally to supplement to lay some circuits, general main is circuit in district, and to increase the coverage rate of public bus network, interval circuit is laid according to actual conditions.