CN1955713A - Test device and method of laser induced piston heat fatigue - Google Patents

Test device and method of laser induced piston heat fatigue Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1955713A
CN1955713A CNA2005101145850A CN200510114585A CN1955713A CN 1955713 A CN1955713 A CN 1955713A CN A2005101145850 A CNA2005101145850 A CN A2005101145850A CN 200510114585 A CN200510114585 A CN 200510114585A CN 1955713 A CN1955713 A CN 1955713A
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piston
laser
temperature
control device
heat fatigue
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CN100565178C (en
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虞钢
周良
宋宏伟
郑彩云
王立新
宁伟健
张金城
李少霞
王建伦
庞铭
刘兆
王恒海
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Institute of Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G01M99/002—Thermal testing

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

An experimental device to induce heat fatigue of piston by laser is prepared as forming heating unit by a laser and beam reshaper, shining laser from laser vertically on surface of piston after laser passes through reshaper as converting a laser beam from laser to be a laser beam with a numbers of light sports in concentric form by beam reshaper. The experimental method utilizing said device is also disclosed.

Description

A kind of experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue and experimental technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal fatigue test device, particularly relating to a kind of is the experimental provision and the experimental technique of the piston heat fatigue of thermal source with laser.
Background technology
At present, known technology for the proving installation of piston heat fatigue, as many research institutions such as Zhejiang University, having set up with electromagnetic induction coil, quartz lamp, electric resistance heater or gas flame thrower etc. in succession is the heat fatigue simulation experiment platform of type of heating.In general, the deficiency of this class testing device is: experimental period is long, and heating region is uncontrollable.
In the known technology, have and adopt laser to carry out the thermal fatigue test apparatus of material sample, as document 1, M.Kutsuna, S.Fujita, Y.Sugita, et al.Thermal fatigue test for turbine housing by a pulseYAG laser[C] .SPIE, 1999,3888, disclose in the document and adopted the heat fatigue proving installation of the pulsed YAG laser instrument of 1.2kW as heating source, experiment porch is that a red copper is heat sink, passes to cold water under it, as the cooling device of proving installation, test specimen to be measured is put on the red copper, adopts the temperature of thermocouple monitoring test specimen.Document 2, Schaus, Mand Pohl, M.Nd-YAG-laser simulated thermal shock and thermal fatigue behavior ofrailroad steel.Metall, 1998,52 (7-8), disclose in the document adopt pulsed YAG laser instrument as heating source, pressurized air or cold water as heat eliminating medium, infrared thermometer heat fatigue test macro as temperature sensing means.But their total shortcomings are: can not carry out laser induced heat fatigue test to piston integral body.
Therefore, the deficiencies in the prior art just need provide a kind of improved piston heat fatigue test device.
Laser beam has beam energy and concentrates, can carry out advantages such as space distribution conversion, uses it for the heat fatigue simulation experiment platform, can improve the overall performance of system greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome long, the uncontrollable shortcoming of heating region experimental period of above-mentioned prior art, thus provide a kind of experimental period short, heating region is controlled, to the laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental provision of piston integrated testability.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
One support (not shown), piston 100 to be measured is fixed on the support by anchor clamps or other stationary installation;
A control device 1 is placed on the described support or is arranged near the described support, is used for the course of work of whole experiment device and the control of state.
A heating arrangement 2 is connected with described control device 1, is fixed on the top that is positioned at described piston 100 above the described support, is used for piston 100 heating;
A temperature measuring equipment 3 is connected with described control device 1, is fixed on the described support, is positioned at the oblique upper of described piston 100 generating surfaces;
A monitoring arrangement 4 is fixed on the described support, is positioned at the oblique upper of described piston 100 generating surfaces, is used to monitor the variation of piston 100 upper surfaces.
Say further, in technique scheme, described heating arrangement 2 is made up of a laser instrument 21 and a beam shaping 22, the opening and closing of the described laser instrument 21 of described control device 1 control, the laser that described laser instrument 21 sends arrives described piston 100 surfaces by described beam shaping 22 back irradiation vertical irradiations; The beam of laser that described beam shaping 22 sends described laser instrument 21 is for conversion into a branch of laser with a plurality of annular concentric hot spots, the radial width of annulus and number depend on the selection of beam shaping, require to select for use the beam shaping of different parameters at different tests.
In technique scheme, comprise that also a cooling device 5 is connected with described control device 1, be fixed on to be positioned on the described support near the described piston 100, be used for piston 100 coolings; Described cooling device 5 adopts the mode of air-cooled or water-cooled or both combinations; Described cooling device 5 is connected to form by a pipeline 53 and a shower nozzle 52 by air compressor 51, and shower nozzle 52 is sprayed onto refrigerating gas the upper surface of described piston 100; Perhaps, described cooling device 5 structures are set to: piston 100 is placed on the water tank that lays pipeline, the cavity is arranged at the bottom of piston 100, the cold water that pipeline is come feeds from piston 100 bottoms, be ejected into piston 100 inside surfaces, the water that flows down from piston 100 inside surfaces falls into below the piston 100 in the backwater feeder, and flows away along the backwater outlet.
In technique scheme, described temperature measuring equipment 3 is made up of thermopair, for avoiding laser to directly act on it, make a call to a aperture in piston base near piston upper surface, thermopair is embedded under the piston upper surface of laser action, and the temperature data that records is input to described control device 1; Or described temperature measuring equipment 3 is made up of at least one infrared thermometer, and the oblique upper that is arranged on described piston 100 upper surfaces is measured the temperature on piston 100 surfaces and temperature data is input to described control device 1; Preferably, described temperature measuring equipment 3 adopts two infrared thermometers to form, and is distributed in the both sides of described piston 100 upper surface oblique uppers symmetrically.
In technique scheme, described monitoring arrangement 4 is made up of at least one camera, the image of gained piston 100 upper surfaces is input to described control device 1 handles, and judges the fatigue state of piston 100; Preferably, described monitoring arrangement 4 is formed, and is set in qually spaced on the circle of described piston 100 tops by three CCD (Charge Coupled Device is called for short CCD) camera.
In technique scheme, described control device 1 is by at least one PC, an image pick-up card, and input and output (IO) card and a fieldbus card are formed, and above-mentioned PC is connected with each function card employing known technology.
In technique scheme, described fieldbus card is a PROFIBUS fieldbus card.
A kind of experimental technique that utilizes the laser induced piston heat fatigue of said apparatus as shown in Figure 3, comprises time control model and temperature control model, for the time control model, comprises the steps:
1) set heat time heating time and cool time by control device 1, and cycle index;
2) output waveform of setting laser, (the crest duration is heat time heating time as square wave, the trough duration is cool time), when heating and the cooling cycle is short, when the crest of laser output waveform and trough power difference are less, system simulation be high cycle fatigue; Otherwise, when heating and the cooling cycle is long, when the crest of laser output waveform and trough power difference are big, system simulation be low-cycle fatigue;
3) 21 bright dippings of control laser instrument shine on the upper surface of piston 100;
4) judge between the light time, when more than or equal to heat time heating time of setting, close laser instrument 21, then piston 100 is cooled off;
5) judge cool time, when more than or equal to cool time of setting, close cooling system;
6) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If then finish experiment; If not, then return step 3);
For the temperature control model, comprise the steps:
A) a certain observation station is the control reference point on the setting piston 100, and sets the ceiling temperature and the lower limit temperature of the range of temperature of this point, sets cycle index; When the ceiling temperature of setting and lower limit temperature at interval than hour, system simulation be high cycle fatigue; And when the ceiling temperature of setting and lower limit temperature at interval greatly the time, system simulation be low-cycle fatigue;
B) control device 1 control laser instrument 21 bright dippings;
C) judge the temperature of controlling reference point; When from temperature measuring equipment 3, observing the reference point temperature when being lower than lower limit temperature, close cooling device 5, laser instrument 21 optical gates are opened, and laser beam acts on the piston 100, and piston 100 surface temperatures rise; When this temperature was higher than ceiling temperature, laser instrument 21 optical gates were closed, and cooling device 5 is opened, and piston 100 surface temperatures descend;
D) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If experiment finishes, the stop device each several part; If not, return step b).
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) made full use of laser energy and concentrated, be convenient to the advantage of parameter setting, by beam shaping, the temperature field of having simulated actual condition lower piston surface distributes;
2) experimental period is short, controllability good;
3) the heat fatigue research for piston provide effectively, reliable experiment condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the device synoptic diagram of laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) (b) represents the part connection diagram of laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental provision of the present invention;
Fig. 3 represents the process flow diagram of laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental technique;
Fig. 4 represents the temperature control model low-cycle thermal fatigue model experiment result of an embodiment;
Fig. 5 represents the high all heat fatigue model experiment results of the time control model of an embodiment;
Fig. 6 represents among the embodiment laser facula synoptic diagram at piston face;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, make laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental provision of the present invention.
Wherein, control device 1 comprises an image pick-up card, an IO card, a PROFIBUS fieldbus card and two PCs.
Heating arrangement 2 mainly comprises laser instrument 21 and beam shaping 22.Present embodiment adopts the industrial Nd-YAG continuous wave laser of HL 3006D of German HAAS company, and peak power is 3000W.The Winlas software that carries can be controlled laser instrument 21 by netting twine, also supports the exploitation based on the Control Software of Profibus-DP agreement simultaneously.Control the bright dipping time and intensity of laser instrument 21 etc. by control device 1.The laser instrument 21 that present embodiment is selected for use is supported Profibus-DP, the present invention adopts the line style network topology of single main website, the fieldbus card that is embedded in the PC is set to main website, and laser instrument 21 is set to slave station, just can realize the control of host computer to laser instrument 21 by Profibus.
In order to make simulated experiment gained data more be close to reality, experimental system need be according to the actual condition design temperature field distribution of piston 100.In actual working environment, the Temperature Distribution that experiment records piston 100 tops is approximately annular distribution, according to this experimental data, designed a kind of multi-ring beam shaper 22, laser is through behind this reshaper, be projected to three donuts on piston 100 surfaces, make piston 100 head temperature distribute near actual condition.Beam shaping 22 adopts conventional products that markets sell or is made the beam shaping with this function by method well known to those skilled in the art; When testing different pistons, should select different beam shapings, so that the number and the width of the donut that produces behind the laser process beam shaping satisfy the top land Temperature Distribution near actual condition.
Cooling device 5 in the present embodiment, adopts air cooling equipment, and the air-flow with air compressor 51 is sent out through the guiding of piping 53, blows out from the shower nozzle 52 that is erected at piston 100 oblique uppers, and the air-flow of ejection acts on the upper surface of piston 100.Certainly, also can adopt water cooling plant, its design can be: utilize the structure of piston characteristics, piston is placed on the water tank that lays pipeline, the cavity is arranged at the bottom of piston, and the cold water that pipeline is come feeds from piston base, is ejected into the piston inside surface, the water that flows down from the piston inside surface falls into below the piston in the backwater feeder, and flows away along the backwater outlet.From above-mentioned description to cooling device 5, those skilled in the art are not difficult to find, cooling device 5 can also adopt other the type of cooling such as air-cooled and water-cooled combination etc., even can adopt method of natural cooling or the like in the present invention, the cooling means of herein introducing can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention in a word; The method of this refrigerating function of realization that other those skilled in the art can take all should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Monitoring arrangement 4 comprises three CCD cameras.For the heat fatigue cracking that can in time find to produce in the experimentation, present embodiment is arranged three CCD cameras above piston 100, and the relative piston of CCD camera evenly distributes for 100 one-tenth, and angle becomes 120 ° each other.Three each responsible panel region of CCD camera cover whole piston 100 upper surfaces altogether.Three CCD cameras link to each other with image pick-up card in being embedded in PC, the image that collects is passed to PC, crackle on the PC is differentiated program the image that transmits is handled, differentiate voluntarily and crackle whether occurs, surpass preset threshold in case find crack length, program is sent alerting signal immediately.
Temperature measuring equipment 3, what present embodiment adopted is the System 4 type infrared thermometers of Britain LAND company, the electromagnetic wave of the monitoring wavelength 2.4 μ m of this instrument, and temperature-measuring range is 150～550 ℃, it is linked to each other with the serial ports of PC, the temperature measurement data on the infrared thermometer is uploaded to PC.
Shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b), the situation that is connected of CCD camera, laser instrument 21 and PC, the situation that is connected of cooling device 5, infrared thermometer and another PC; Adopt two PCs in this enforcement, in fact, for the purpose of brief, also can only adopt a PC to realize control function.
Present embodiment is that laser spot by a plurality of annular concentric is to piston 100 surface heating, infrared thermometer is for detecting the test specimen surface temperature, monitor surperficial heat fatigue cracking with the CCD camera, PC is controlled the work of heating arrangement 2 and cooling device 5 according to the supervisory signal that transmits.
The device that present embodiment provides can provide two kinds of experimental programs: time control model and temperature control model.Two kinds of control models all can realize 100 high weeks of piston or low-cycle thermal fatigue simulation.
In the time control model, set the heat time heating time and the cool time of suitable experiment, just the heating and cooling amplitude of piston 100 can be controlled in the stable scope.The output waveform of setting laser on laser instrument 21 control programs, (the crest duration is heat time heating time as square wave, the trough duration is cool time), when heating and the cooling cycle is short, when the crest of laser output waveform and trough power difference are less, system simulation be high cycle fatigue; Otherwise, when heating and the cooling cycle is long, when the crest of laser output waveform and trough power difference are big, system simulation be low-cycle fatigue.
In the temperature control model, a certain observation station is the control reference point on the setting piston 100, and the range of temperature that guarantees this point is between ceiling temperature of setting and lower limit temperature.When observing this temperature when being lower than lower limit temperature from infrared thermometer or thermopair, water valve, air valve are closed, and laser instrument 21 optical gates are opened, and laser beam acts on the piston 100, and piston 100 surface temperatures rise; When this temperature was higher than ceiling temperature, laser instrument 21 optical gates were closed, and water valve, air valve are opened, and piston 100 surface temperatures descend.So constantly circulation of action is up to the cycle index that reaches setting.When the ceiling temperature of setting and lower limit temperature at interval than hour, system simulation be high cycle fatigue; And when the ceiling temperature of setting and lower limit temperature at interval greatly the time, system simulation be low-cycle fatigue.
Whole experiment all is to be finished by PC, comprises the setting of experiment parameter, the dynamic monitoring of experimentation and the action of each hardware unit control, and on PC, note experimental data simultaneously.
The piston diameter that present embodiment adopts is 150mm, high 140mm.Laser beam through behind the beam shaping in the optical field distribution of piston face as shown in Figure 6, laser light area, wherein r are represented in the shadow region that has oblique line 1=5mm, r 2=40mm, r 3=50mm, r 4=60mm, r 5=67.5mm.
Utilize a kind of laser induced piston heat fatigue experimental technique of said apparatus, as shown in Figure 3, comprise time control model and temperature control model,, comprise the steps: for the time control model
1) setting heat time heating time by control device 1 is that 2s and cool time are 3s, and cycle index is 100 times, as shown in Figure 5;
2) output waveform of setting laser is as square wave (the crest duration is heat time heating time, and the trough duration is cool time); Since heat time heating time 2s, cool time 3s, waveform is a square wave, this experiment is that high cycle fatigue is tested;
3) 21 bright dippings of control laser instrument shine on the upper surface of piston 100;
4) judge between the light time, when more than or equal to heat time heating time of setting, close laser instrument 21, then piston 100 is cooled off;
5) judge cool time, when more than or equal to cool time of setting, close cooling system;
6) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If then finish experiment; If not, then return step 3).
For the temperature control model, comprise the steps:
A) set distance center 65mm on the piston 100 a bit as control reference point, and set 320 ℃ of the ceiling temperatures and 260 ℃ of lower limit temperatures of the range of temperature of this point, set cycle index 50, as shown in Figure 4; Because bigger at interval between ceiling temperature and the lower limit temperature, so the low-cycle thermal fatigue experiment is finished in this experiment;
B) control device 1 control laser instrument 21 bright dippings;
C) judge the temperature of controlling reference point; When from temperature measuring equipment 3, observing the reference point temperature when being lower than lower limit temperature, close cooling device 5, laser instrument 21 optical gates are opened, and laser beam acts on the piston 100, and piston 100 surface temperatures rise; When this temperature was higher than ceiling temperature, laser instrument 21 optical gates were closed, and cooling device 5 is opened, and piston 100 surface temperatures descend.
D) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If experiment finishes, the stop device each several part; If not, return step b).

Claims (10)

1, a kind of experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue comprises:
One support, piston to be measured (100) is fixed on the described support by anchor clamps or other stationary installation;
A control device (1) is placed on the described support or is arranged near the described support, is used for the course of work of whole experiment device and the control of state;
It is characterized in that, also comprise:
One is used for the heating arrangement (2) of piston (100) heating is connected with described control device (1), is fixed on the top that is positioned at described piston (100) above the described support;
A temperature measuring equipment (3) that is used to measure the temperature of piston (100) heat affected zone is connected with described control device (1);
A monitoring arrangement (4) that is used to monitor the variation of piston (100) upper surface is fixed on the described support, is positioned at the oblique upper of described piston (100) generating surface;
Described control device (1) is by at least one PC, an image pick-up card, and an input-output card and a PROFIBUS fieldbus card are formed.
2, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heating arrangement (2) is made up of a laser instrument (21) and a beam shaping (22), described control device (1) is controlled the opening and closing of described laser instrument (21), and the laser that described laser instrument (21) sends arrives described piston (100) upper surface by described beam shaping (22) back irradiation vertical irradiation; The beam of laser that described beam shaping (22) sends described laser instrument (21) is for conversion into a branch of laser with a plurality of annular concentric hot spots.
3, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, comprise that also one is used for the cooling device (5) of piston (100) cooling is connected with described control device (1), be fixed on to be positioned on the described support near the described piston (100).
4, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described cooling device (5) adopts the mode of air-cooled or water-cooled or both combinations.
5, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described cooling device (5) is connected to form by a pipeline (53) and a shower nozzle (52) by air compressor (51), and shower nozzle (52) is sprayed onto refrigerating gas the upper surface of described piston (100); Perhaps described cooling device (5) structure is set to: piston (100) is placed on the water tank that lays pipeline, one cavity is arranged at the bottom of piston (100), the cold water that pipeline is come feeds from piston (100) bottom, be ejected into piston (100) inside surface, the water that flows down from piston (100) inside surface falls into below the piston (100) in the backwater feeder, and flows away along backwater outlet.
6, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described temperature measuring equipment (3) is made up of thermopair, thermopair is embedded under the piston upper surface of laser action, and the temperature data that records is input to described control device (1); Perhaps described temperature measuring equipment (3) is made up of at least one infrared thermometer, and the oblique upper that is arranged on described piston (100) upper surface is measured the temperature on piston (100) surface and temperature data is input to described control device (1).
7, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described temperature measuring equipment (3) adopts two infrared thermometers to form, and is distributed in the both sides of described piston (100) upper surface oblique upper symmetrically.
8, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described monitoring arrangement (4) is made up of at least one camera, the image of gained piston (100) upper surface is input to described control device (1) handles, judge the fatigue state of piston (100).
9, the experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described monitoring arrangement (4) is made up of three CCD cameras, and is set in qually spaced on the circle of described piston (100) top.
10, a kind of experimental technique of laser induced piston heat fatigue comprises time control model and temperature control model, for the time control model, comprises the steps:
1) set heat time heating time and cool time by control device (1), and cycle index;
2) output waveform of setting laser;
3) bright dipping of control laser instrument (21) shines on the upper surface of piston (100);
4) judge between the light time, when more than or equal to heat time heating time of setting, close laser instrument (21), then piston (100) is cooled off;
5) judge cool time, when more than or equal to cool time of setting, close cooling system;
6) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If then finish experiment; If not, then return step 3);
For the temperature control model, comprise the steps:
A) set piston (100) and go up a certain observation station and be the control reference point, and set the ceiling temperature and the lower limit temperature of the range of temperature of this point, set cycle index;
B) control device (1) control laser instrument (21) bright dipping;
C) judge the temperature of controlling reference point; When from temperature measuring equipment (3), observing the reference point temperature when being lower than lower limit temperature, close cooling device (5), laser instrument (21) optical gate is opened, and laser beam acts on the piston (100), and piston (100) surface temperature rises; When this temperature was higher than ceiling temperature, laser instrument (21) optical gate was closed, and cooling device (5) is opened, and piston (100) surface temperature descends;
D) judge whether to reach the cycle index of setting; If experiment finishes, the stop device each several part; If not, return step b).
CNB2005101145850A 2005-10-26 2005-10-26 A kind of experimental provision of laser induced piston heat fatigue and experimental technique Expired - Fee Related CN100565178C (en)

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