CN1948962A - Supersonic crack detecting method of pillar porcelain insulator and probe thereof - Google Patents
Supersonic crack detecting method of pillar porcelain insulator and probe thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1948962A CN1948962A CN 200510030426 CN200510030426A CN1948962A CN 1948962 A CN1948962 A CN 1948962A CN 200510030426 CN200510030426 CN 200510030426 CN 200510030426 A CN200510030426 A CN 200510030426A CN 1948962 A CN1948962 A CN 1948962A
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Abstract
The invention discloses brace porcelain insulator ultrasonic flaw detection method. It includes the following steps: emitting SH wave to detected surface; using transversal wave couplant for the probe and the detected surface; using the probe to check the detected surface; using porcelain insulator test piece to adjust probe reference sensitivity and checking sensitivity; detecting the reflection wave of the detected surface, recording the one which reaches defect setting value as defect signal; measuring the defect length; judging the work piece recorded with defect signal as waste. The invention also discloses the defect detecting probe of which emitted ultrasonic is SH type transverse wave. The method has high sensitivity, reliability, and large detecting range. Meanwhile the special probe has little size which can ensure detecting sensitivity and increase porcelain vase retrievable rate at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method and probe of pillar porcelain insulator, relate in particular to a kind of SH type transversal wave ultrasonic wave inspection detection method and the probe that is exclusively used in this method of support insulator.
Background technology
Pillar porcelain insulator is the important composition equipment of transformer station and generating plant, the domestic in recent years accident that takes place because of pillar porcelain insulator fracture of occurring often, it not only may cause serious power grid accident, influence safe power supply, also the personal safety to operation and maintainer constitutes, and becomes a big hidden danger of Circuits System safe operation.Therefore in order to prevent that operating pillar porcelain insulator from rupturing suddenly, guarantee the safe and reliable operation of pillar porcelain insulator, domestic emphasis is studied the ultrasonic detection technology of pillar porcelain insulator.
According to the summary and the analysis of causes to a large amount of porcelain insulator fracture accidents, because mechanism such as weather, mucilage binding quality and porcelain insulator maker, crackle about 90% all results from the mucilage binding place of porcelain insulator two ends cast iron flange, extend internally by porcelain insulator, to reliably detecting of crackle herein, be the key of UT (Ultrasonic Testing).Detection method is also main, and the check sensitivity of crackle is purpose to provide herein.
Existing porcelain insulator defect detection on ultrasonic basis mainly contains ultrasound wave and climbs wave inspection method and small angle longitudinal wave defectoscopy.
Climb ripple since when propagating the acoustic pressure decay very big, make that sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) when detecting crackle is all lower, and its maximum valid analysing range only is 50mm.Though and small angle longitudinal wave has the advantages that to detect the porcelain insulator inherent vice,, therefore still have big difficulty for detecting of small size surface crack because the sensibility in practice of the end corner reflection of small angle longitudinal wave is not high.
In addition, intersect near zone because the position that support insulator and insulator emphasis are surveyed just is porcelain vase flange and umbrella disk, as shown in Figure 1, this regional distinguishing feature is that horizontal span is less, and the key whether decision can be examined is the spacing of porcelain vase flange and umbrella disk.Test shows, support insulator for different size, if probe axial dimension≤15mm, the specific detectivity of porcelain vase will reach 80%, and the result who does like this has to use little wafer manufacturing probe, thereby probe sensitivity reduces greatly, especially the valid analysing range of creeping wave probe even therefore be lower than 15mm.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method with pillar porcelain insulator of high sensitivity and reliability.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method that the technical scheme that adopts provides a kind of pillar porcelain insulator, and described method comprises:
A) to the detection faces emission SH of tested workpiece ripple;
B) use the shear wave couplant will pop one's head in and to be detected coupling of tested workpiece;
C) on described to be detected, carry out scanning with described probe;
D) use the porcelain insulator test block to adjust the reference sensitivity and the Scanning sensitivity of described probe;
E) detect to be detected reflection wave of tested workpiece, and the reflection wave that receives for the first time is recorded as flaw indication up to the reflection wave to the defective setting value;
F) length of the described defective of measurement;
G) workpiece that the reflection wave wave height is reached the flaw indication of step e) record is declared useless.
Greater than 15% of described probe diameter, the translational speed during probe scanning is no more than 50mm/s in the coverage rate of scanning described in the step c).
In step d), described adjustment reference sensitivity is meant: with the 1mm rectangular channel on the alignment probe porcelain insulator, the first reflection wave height is adjusted to defectoscope instrument full-scale 80% as reference sensitivity; Described Scanning sensitivity is meant: improve 6dB again as Scanning sensitivity on described reference sensitivity basis.
In step e), described defective setting value is a defectoscope instrument full-scale 80%.
In step f), the linear measure longimetry of described defective is undertaken by the 6dB method.
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of described pillar porcelain insulator also comprises according to the surface curvature of tested workpiece carries out compensating for coupling to reference sensitivity.
The present invention also provides a kind of UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe that is exclusively used in the pillar porcelain insulator of this method, is characterized in that its ultrasonic waves transmitted is a SH type shear wave.
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of described pillar porcelain insulator, axial dimension is less than 15mm, assurance is greater than 80% specific detectivity, and because SH ultrasonic sensitivity height still can guarantee the sensitivity in the sensing range under the situation that the ultrasound wave wafer size dwindles.
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of described pillar porcelain insulator, surface of contact is an arc surface, the curvature of this arc surface should be slightly larger than the curvature of detection faces, and is for example big by 10%, so that match with detection faces.
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of described pillar porcelain insulator can adopt single crystal probe, for improving detection sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), also can adopt double crystal probe.
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of described pillar porcelain insulator, incident wave should have bigger refraction angle.This is because the Echo transmittance of sound pressure of SH ripple probe increases with the increase at refraction angle, increases the refraction angle and can increase Echo transmittance of sound pressure, and then increase echo amplitude.For making SH setback firing angle in scope of design, should calculate the probe incident angle according to the different SH velocities of sound, probe divides Series Design by velocity of sound scope.For avoiding because the inhomogeneous refraction angle deviation that causes of the material of porcelain vase own, the central folding firing angle of probe is the middle district value of refraction angle scope of design.
The present invention adopts the detection method of the support insulator of SH shear wave to have the following advantages: 1.SH shear wave wave-wave length can detect the defective of smaller szie less than compressional wave; 2.SH when ripple is mapped to the perpendicular planar defective of crackle class of surface of the work, can obtain reflecting the very high echo of wave amplitude, more above-mentioned other UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method height of its crack detection sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); Wide-angle SH wave surface and surface down sound field intensity can reach unanimity, detect the surface interruptions of workpiece and do not influence its propagation; 4.SH it is very little that ripple is decayed in communication process, detection range improves greatly, can detect wider defective;
The probe advantage that is exclusively used in described detection method of the present invention is to have improved simultaneously detection sensitivity and specific detectivity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the carrying out flaw detection synoptic diagram of pillar porcelain insulator.
Embodiment
The UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of support insulator of the present invention adopts following equipment:
A type pulse reflection ultra-sonic defect detector, this defectoscope is existing instrument;
Porcelain insulator SH ultrasound wave dedicated probe of the present invention (monocrystalline or twin crystal);
Porcelain insulator test block, test block are the important component parts of ultrasound examination, play the test probe performance, adjust sensitivity, determine evaluation criterion.The major defect that detects is a crackle, utilizes the acoustic reflection body regulating system sensitivity in the test block.This test block material is: ordinary porcelain, high-strength porcelain.
Should have before detecting to detect and prepare, the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) of porcelain insulator is carried out under the state that circuit is stopped transport.The mucilage binding place of porcelain insulator two ends cast iron flange should be the main position of flaw detection, as with suspicion to other position, also should check comprehensively.The outward appearance of reply detection faces is carried out macro check before detecting.The dirt, dust etc. of influential ultrasonic inspection all should give removing.
Use the shear wave couplant will pop one's head in and to be detected coupling in the detection, couplant is ultrasound wave is penetrated workpiece by probe a conductive medium.
Then probe carries out scanning to detection faces emission SH ripple on described detection faces, and the scanning coverage rate of probe should be greater than 15% of probe diameter, and the Scanning speed of probe should not surpass 50mm/s.Utilize 3mm rectangular channel in the test block in the scanning, be adjusted to surface level 1: 1.
In sensitivity adjustment, the 1mm rectangular channel is adjusted the reference sensitivity and the Scanning sensitivity of described probe in the use test block.Be specially 1mm rectangular channel in the alignment probe test block, the first reflection wave height is adjusted to defectoscope instrument full-scale 80% as reference sensitivity, also should reference sensitivity be compensated according to the surface curvature of tested workpiece, offset should be determined according to contrast test.Surface curvature as workpiece and test block differs 15%, should be according to the curvature processing reference block of practical work piece.On the basis of reference sensitivity, improve 6dB again as Scanning sensitivity.
In the testing process as find that defective first reflection wave-wave is tall and big full-scale 80% in equaling the defectoscope instrument, promptly be recorded as flaw indication.After detecting defective, tackle its length and measure.The survey length of defective is undertaken by the 6dB method.
Signal to the flaw indication wave height that reaches record should be noted its defect characteristic, when with suspicion, should take to change the probe pattern, observe dynamic wave mode and the integrated structure technology characteristics takes a decision as to whether defective.To the defective of the flaw indication wave height that reaches record should give declare useless.
The present invention has designed the probe that is exclusively used in this method on above-mentioned detection method basis, the design of this probe should be considered following factor:
Under the certain situation of ultrasonic probe axial dimension, the key whether decision can be examined is the spacing of porcelain vase flange and umbrella disk.According to statistics, when the axial size of probe 〉=40mm, the specific detectivity of porcelain vase is less than 40%, in order to improve specific detectivity, must shorten the axial dimension of probe, test shows, as the axial size≤15mm that pops one's head in, and the specific detectivity of porcelain vase will reach 80%, and the result who does like this has to use little wafer manufacturing probe, therefore the sensitivity of probe reduces (when particularly climbing wave inspection, this phenomenon is very obvious, valid analysing range even less than 15mm) greatly.
In order to guarantee specific detectivity, the axial dimension of SH ripple probe should be designed to 10mm less than 15mm, and specific detectivity is reached more than 90%.Because SH ultrasonic sensitivity height under the situation that the ultrasound wave wafer size dwindles, still can guarantee the sensitivity in the test range.For further improving the detection sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of key area, design double crystal probe simultaneously.
Because insulator surface is an arc surface, is the coupling effect of obtaining, the probe detection faces should be designed to be slightly larger than the curvature of (10%) detection faces.
UT (Ultrasonic Testing) is to utilize the reflection of ultrasound wave on defective to detect, and therefore hyperacoustic Echo transmittance of sound pressure is the overriding concern factor.
The Echo transmittance of sound pressure of SH ripple probe increases with the increase at refraction angle, can choose suitable refraction angle scope in force to obtain maximum Echo transmittance of sound pressure from the test to test block.
Its velocity of sound of the pillar porcelain insulator of variety classes, lot number is inequality, SH wave sound speed scope 3400～4100m/s, and its velocity of sound of ultrasonic probe voussoir of various unlike materials is also inequality, but it all follows Snell's law:
Sinαs/Cs＝Sinα
L/C
L
Wherein α s is the incident angle of sound wave in incident medium, and Cs is the speed of sound wave in incident medium, α
LThe refraction angle of sound wave in refracting medium, C
LBe the speed of sound wave in refracting medium.For SH setback firing angle is in the suitable scope, should calculate the probe incident angle according to the different SH velocities of sound, probe divides Series Design by velocity of sound scope.For avoiding because the inhomogeneous refraction angle deviation that causes of the material of porcelain vase own, the central folding firing angle be the refraction angle scope of design middle district value.
In sum, SH ripple probe technologies requires to see the following form:
| Technical conditions | Probe parameter | Remarks |
| Transmitted waveform | The SH shear wave | |
| The probe form | Double crystal probe, single crystal probe | Sensitivity maximum point: probe the place ahead 15～45mm |
| The object material | Insulation porcelain (ordinary porcelain, high-strength porcelain) | Transverse wave velocity 3400～4100 |
| Dimensional requirement | Size on the detection direction: 10mm | Maximum is no more than 15mm. |
| The probe surface of contact | Arc surface, diameter 100～250mm | |
| Couplant | The shear wave couplant |
Claims (10)
1. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of a pillar porcelain insulator is characterized in that, comprising:
A) to the detection faces emission SH of tested workpiece ripple;
B) use the shear wave couplant will pop one's head in and to be detected coupling of tested workpiece;
C) on described to be detected, carry out scanning with described probe;
D) use the porcelain insulator test block to adjust the reference sensitivity and the Scanning sensitivity of described probe;
E) detect to be detected reflection wave of tested workpiece, and the reflection wave that receives for the first time is recorded as flaw indication up to the reflection wave to the defective setting value;
F) length of the described defective of measurement;
G) workpiece that the reflection wave wave height is reached the flaw indication of step e) record is declared useless.
2. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, greater than 15% of described probe diameter, the translational speed during described probe scanning is no more than 50mm/s in the coverage rate of scanning described in the step c).
3. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step d), described adjustment reference sensitivity is meant: with the 1mm rectangular channel on the alignment probe porcelain insulator, the first reflection wave height is adjusted to defectoscope instrument full-scale 80% as reference sensitivity; Described Scanning sensitivity is meant: improve 6dB again as Scanning sensitivity on described reference sensitivity basis.
4. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step e), described defective setting value is a defectoscope instrument full-scale 80%.
5. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step f), the linear measure longimetry of described defective is undertaken by the 6dB method.
6, the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection method of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises according to the surface curvature of tested workpiece reference sensitivity is carried out compensating for coupling.
7. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of a pillar porcelain insulator is characterized in that, the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe ultrasonic waves transmitted of described pillar porcelain insulator is a SH type shear wave.
8. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of described pillar porcelain insulator is single crystal probe or double crystal probe.
9. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the axial dimension of this UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe is less than 15mm.
10. the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe of pillar porcelain insulator as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the surface of contact of this UT (Ultrasonic Testing) detection probe is an arc surface.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005100304262A CN1948962B (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2005-10-12 | Supersonic crack detecting method of pillar porcelain insulator and probe thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2005100304262A CN1948962B (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2005-10-12 | Supersonic crack detecting method of pillar porcelain insulator and probe thereof |
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| CN1948962A true CN1948962A (en) | 2007-04-18 |
| CN1948962B CN1948962B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
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| CN102735755A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-17 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface wave detection method for detecting fatigue crack of engine connecting rod |
| CN102841146A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-12-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Transverse-wave fault detecting angle probe and transverse-wave fault detecting method |
| CN102928515A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-02-13 | 宁波电业局 | Ultrasonic fault detector and wedge block thereof |
| CN103293226A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-11 | 济钢集团有限公司 | Method for determining flaw detection benchmark sensitivity of steel plate by single crystal probe |
| CN103616437A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 广东汕头超声电子股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing device for composite insulator |
| CN104034799A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-09-10 | 国家电网公司 | Ultrasonic phased array detection method for strut porcelain insulator surface and near-surface defects |
| CN104297343A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-21 | 国家电网公司 | Porcelain supporting column insulator defect detection method based on normal state single-class integration model |
| CN104931586A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-23 | 国家电网公司 | Detection system of intelligent insulator detecting robot |
| CN110320272A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-11 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of detection method of three support insulators center conductor and epoxy part faying face |
| CN112697876A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-04-23 | 江苏亚星锚链股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for link flash weld joint |
| CN113686958A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 醴陵华鑫电瓷科技股份有限公司 | Test system and test method for quality evaluation of extra-high voltage porcelain insulator |
| CN113939735A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2022-01-14 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Ultrasonic flaw detection method, ultrasonic flaw detection device, steel product manufacturing equipment line, steel product manufacturing method, and steel product quality assurance method |
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2005
- 2005-10-12 CN CN2005100304262A patent/CN1948962B/en active Active
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| CN102735755A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-17 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Ultrasonic surface wave detection method for detecting fatigue crack of engine connecting rod |
| CN102735755B (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2016-04-27 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of engine connecting rod fatigue crack ultrasonic surface wave detecting method |
| CN102841146A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2012-12-26 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Transverse-wave fault detecting angle probe and transverse-wave fault detecting method |
| CN102928515A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-02-13 | 宁波电业局 | Ultrasonic fault detector and wedge block thereof |
| CN103293226A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-11 | 济钢集团有限公司 | Method for determining flaw detection benchmark sensitivity of steel plate by single crystal probe |
| CN103293226B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-03-09 | 济钢集团有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing single crystal probe determination steel plate inspection reference sensitivity |
| CN103616437B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-11-18 | 广东汕头超声电子股份有限公司 | A kind of composite insulator ultrasonic detection equipment |
| CN103616437A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 广东汕头超声电子股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic testing device for composite insulator |
| CN104034799A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-09-10 | 国家电网公司 | Ultrasonic phased array detection method for strut porcelain insulator surface and near-surface defects |
| CN104297343A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-21 | 国家电网公司 | Porcelain supporting column insulator defect detection method based on normal state single-class integration model |
| CN104931586A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-23 | 国家电网公司 | Detection system of intelligent insulator detecting robot |
| CN113939735A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2022-01-14 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Ultrasonic flaw detection method, ultrasonic flaw detection device, steel product manufacturing equipment line, steel product manufacturing method, and steel product quality assurance method |
| CN110320272A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-11 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of detection method of three support insulators center conductor and epoxy part faying face |
| CN112697876A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-04-23 | 江苏亚星锚链股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for link flash weld joint |
| CN113686958A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-23 | 醴陵华鑫电瓷科技股份有限公司 | Test system and test method for quality evaluation of extra-high voltage porcelain insulator |
| CN114487131A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection method for internal cracks of three-way shoulder |
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Address after: 200437 No. 171, Handan Road, Shanghai Co-patentee after: Shanghai Minghua Electric Power Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee after: East China Electric Power Test & Research Institute Co., Ltd. Co-patentee after: Caojing Thermal Power Co., Ltd. Address before: 200437 No. 171, Handan Road, Shanghai Co-patentee before: Shanghai Minghua Electric Power Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee before: East China Electric Power Test & Research Institute Co., Ltd. |