CN1948732B - 将陶瓷燃烧室衬里连接到金属安装附件上的螺栓构造 - Google Patents
将陶瓷燃烧室衬里连接到金属安装附件上的螺栓构造 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种燃气轮机燃烧室包括大体上同心地位于流套(14)内的大体上呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里(16)，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端设有多个周向布置的螺栓孔(46)。内部金属环(20)位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端的外表面周围，所述内部金属环(20)设有第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔(49)，且多个螺栓(36)延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔且通过自锁螺母(50)紧固。外部金属环(22)在所述内部金属环(20)径向外部且与其隔开，且多个周向隔开的支柱(50)在所述内环与所述外环之间进行延伸。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及旋转机械技术，且具体而言，涉及用于将陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室衬里紧固到轮机燃烧室中的金属安装附件上的附接系统。
背景技术
先进燃气轮机的研制开发已经提出将具有比当前使用的金属材料更高的温度性能的一些非金属材料用于高温应用如轮机燃烧室衬里。一种特定类别的该非金属低热膨胀的材料是陶瓷基复合(CMC)材料，所述陶瓷基复合材料可在比金属明显更高的温度下进行工作，并且允许大大降低冷却需求，所述冷却需求的降低可被解释为引擎效率和输出的增加。在具有更高温度性能的同时，陶瓷基复合材料还可通过取消常规的冷却增强功能部件如紊流器而允许减小燃烧室的压力降。
然而，为了实现运转具有陶瓷基复合材料衬里的燃气轮机的优点，必须要开发出安装陶瓷基复合材料衬里的新方法，所述方法可适应陶瓷基复合材料的低热膨胀系数以及陶瓷基复合材料相对于常规金属材料的相对较低的应变造成的损伤。因此，将陶瓷基复合材料用于燃烧室衬里的挑战在于在满足寿命和成本要求的具有成本效率的系统中研发出与现有金属硬件之间的界面。
对于金属燃烧室衬里而言，附接部件或功能部件易于采用硬钎焊、焊接、桩砧或其它成熟可靠的连接方法被连接到金属衬里上。这些附件功能部件通常沿径向、轴向和切线方向为圆柱形衬里提供支承。
例如，典型的三凸耳金属衬里安装装置提供了将金属衬里上的三个块体半确定地捕获在流套凸耳内的径向浮动设计。来自燃烧室衬里的前向轴向载荷作用在钎焊块体内。在存在层叠公差且前后同心度未对齐的情况下，该构造可合理地通过单个凸耳承受所有正常作用的载荷。该技术的实例可参见共有的美国专利Nos.5,274,991；5,323,600；5,749,218；6,279,313和6,216,442。然而，这些设计不适用于陶瓷基复合材料衬里，这是因为将金属块硬钎焊或焊接到陶瓷基复合材料衬里上是不可行的。
在制品如燃烧室衬里的设计和应用过程中必须仔细考虑陶瓷基复合材料的机械性质，所述燃烧室衬里与具有明显更高强度和更高热膨胀特性的金属硬件界面相接。尽管已经开发出一些用以将陶瓷基复合材料衬里紧固到金属部件上的紧固技术(例如参见美国专利Nos.6,904,757；6,895,761；6,895,757；6,854,738和6,658,853)，但仍需要适用于燃气轮机燃烧室中的陶瓷基复合材料衬里的相对简单但有效的附接系统。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃气轮机燃烧室包括同心地位于流套内的呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环，所述内部金属环设有第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔以由此将所述内部金属环的一端紧固到所述燃烧室衬里上的多个螺栓，所述内部金属环包括固体环形部分和多个轴向延伸的周向隔开的弹簧夹指，所述第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔位于相应的所述弹簧夹指中。
本发明还涉及一种燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃气轮机燃烧室包括同心地位于流套内的呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环，所述内部金属环具有固体环形部分和多个轴向延伸的周向隔开的弹簧夹指，且第二组多个周向隔开的板面侧的螺栓孔位于相应的所述弹簧夹指中；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔以由此将所述内部金属环紧固到所述燃烧室衬里上的多个螺栓；其中自锁螺母被可螺合地紧固到每个螺栓上且与相应的弹簧夹指的径向外表面相接合；且其中所述板面侧的螺栓孔分别用于接收相应的所述螺栓的板面侧的杆部。
在本发明的典型实施例中，在陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室衬里与金属安装附件之间提供了刚性附接。具体而言，一种独特的紧固系统提供了正向夹持(positive clamping)从而允许在摩擦作用下承载所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里中的载荷且因此确保足够的设计寿命。本文中披露的所述紧固构造将制造复杂性转至螺栓本身，由此简化了所述陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室衬里的制造工艺。
更具体而言，通过夹持紧固件构造在摩擦作用下正向承载所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里的轴向压力载荷，所述夹持紧固件构造可受到处理以使得在高振动燃气轮机环境中不易磨损。所述夹持接头构造使用金属组合以补偿所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里的较低的热膨胀系数从而在高工作温度下保持夹持力，使得该附接系统能够在摩擦作用下承载工作载荷。
在典型实施例中，通过在所述衬里前端和后端上的呼啦圈式密封件在以常规方式进行安装的过程中从内部使所述衬里居中。所述衬里的所述前端被附接到装配在所述衬里上的环形内环上。具体而言，多个特定设计的紧固件穿过所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里中的孔以及从所述内环的固体(solid)箍部突出出来的径向柔顺的周向隔开的弹簧夹指中对齐的孔。每个弹簧夹指是弯曲的以与所述衬里的曲率相匹配。所述内环通过多个周向隔开的径向支柱被附接到径向外环上，且所述组件被安装以便在允许进行有限程度的轴向和径向运动的情况下进行浮动。所述典型实施例中使用的用以将所述内环紧固到所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里上的所述紧固件是与自锁螺母一起使用的螺纹螺栓，所述螺纹螺栓包括被形成具有一体垫圈的薄但尺寸较大的头部。
使所述专用螺栓的所述垫圈面成型为圆柱形以与所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里的未经机加工的表面相匹配。为了确保所述成型垫圈面在组装过程中适当对齐，所述成型垫圈面的取向受到所述金属弹簧夹指中的板面侧的孔的控制，所述板面侧的孔被制成一定尺寸以接收所述螺栓上相应的板面侧的杆部。自锁螺母适于被置于所述弹簧夹指的埋头平面上。
在另一典型实施例中，可使用所述螺栓头下面的圆柱形成型的隔件以与所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里界面相接。
在又一实施例中，具有高热膨胀系数的隔件可位于所述自锁螺母下面以补偿所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里的较低的热膨胀系数。与该隔件和部分正常机械设计过程相似地，可预想使用第二部件的其它相似方案以适应所述螺栓与所述陶瓷基复合材料衬里之间的热膨胀系数差异。
因此，在一方面中，本发明涉及一种用于燃气轮机的燃烧室衬里，所述燃烧室衬里具有包括陶瓷基复合材料的大体上呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里本体，所述燃烧室衬里本体在其后端处具有直径扩大的部分，所述直径扩大的部分设有螺栓孔的周向阵列。
在另一方面中，本发明涉及一种包括大体上同心地位于流套内的大体上呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里的燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环，所述内部金属环设有第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔的多个螺栓。
在又一方面中，本发明涉及一种包括大体上同心地位于流套内的大体上呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里的燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环，所述内部金属环具有固体环形部分和多个轴向延伸的周向隔开的弹簧夹指，且第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔位于相应的所述弹簧夹指中；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔的多个螺栓；其中自锁螺母被可螺合地紧固到每个螺栓上且与相应的弹簧夹指的径向外表面接合；且其中所述第二组多个螺栓孔被分别形成具有适于接收相应的所述螺栓的板面侧的杆部的板面侧的埋头孔。
下面将结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明典型实施例的包括双环附接硬件组件的陶瓷燃烧室衬里的局部剖视图；
图2是用于陶瓷燃烧室衬里的双环附接硬件组件的透视图；
图3是图1所示内环的侧剖视图；
图4是用于图1和图3所示的附接硬件组件中的螺母和螺栓的透视图；
图5是示出根据本发明典型实施例的内环弹簧夹指、衬里和螺栓之间的相互作用的局部透视图；
图6是加上锁定螺母后沿图5中的线6-6截取的剖视图；和
图7是沿图5中的线7-7截取的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示出了轮机燃烧室10的衬里构造，所述轮机燃烧室包括燃烧室壳体12、径向外部流套(flow sleeve)14和径向内部燃烧室衬里16。衬里16和流套14大体上同心地布置在壳体12内，且本发明在此主要涉及衬里前端18被紧固到内环20上的方式，所述内环20被进一步附接到径向外部附接环22上。
在典型实施例中，衬里16由非金属低热膨胀的陶瓷基复合材料制成，所述材料可在明显更高的温度下进行工作从而降低了冷却要求。
为了将陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室衬里16在衬里前端18处连接到金属附接硬件上，初始通过在衬里的前端和后端上的常规的呼啦圈式密封件26从内部使后者居中。内部环形附接环20在衬里的前端18上进行伸缩。附接环20被形成具有在后端处的固体环或带状部分28，且多个(例如32个)径向柔顺的金属弹簧夹指30从所述固体环或带状部分中向前延伸出来。夹指30围绕衬里周部等距间隔，且是弯曲的从而与衬里的曲率相匹配。夹指的前端32与衬里的前端18相接合，所述夹指可选地可相对于内部附接环的剩余部分加厚以增加强度。衬里的直径也通过锥形部分34在其前端18处扩大从而确保组装间隙。
多个紧固件36用以将夹指30的端部32夹持到衬里的前端18上。典型实施例中的紧固件36以具有螺纹杆37和带有一体垫圈40(参见图4至图7)的薄但尺寸过大的圆柱形头部38的螺纹螺栓形式存在，所述垫圈的面42被成型以与衬里16的弯曲内表面相匹配。通过使垫圈面成型为圆柱形以与衬里16前部18的未经机加工的弯曲表面相匹配，使得不需要对陶瓷基复合材料衬里进行锪孔处理。螺栓36还具有在杆部37中形成的平面或板面44，所述平面或板面装配在夹指30中互补的板面侧的孔46中(图5)。如果不用于控制取向的螺栓杆与弯曲垫圈面的组合，则丧失了成型垫圈面所能实现的优点。换句话说，专用圆柱形垫圈面42与径向柔顺的附接夹指30中的板面侧的螺栓孔46和互补螺栓杆部44的这种组合允许组件夹持载荷足够高从而在摩擦作用下承载接头的横向正常工作载荷。还注意到，增加垫圈面42的内径以容纳使得能够进行制造从而生产出圆柱形垫圈面42所需的杆-头底切部48。底切部产生的偏移还减小了清理头-杆圆角所需的陶瓷基复合材料衬里圆孔49中的各倒角的尺寸。
使用自锁螺母50以将各部件紧固地夹持在一起，且所述内环夹指30的外表面被形成具有相似数量的用于接收螺母50的埋头平面51。
返回图1和图2，在内部附接环20的后端处，固体环部28通过多个轴向取向的径向支柱52被连接到外部附接环22上。在典型实施例中，存在16个这种支柱，可以围绕内环20周部间隔开的大体上呈U形的部段54的形式成对地设置所述支柱。这些部段54可被塞焊到外环22上，且支柱部分52被对焊到内环20上。外环22在流套14的凸缘24内部向前径向延伸，所述凸缘要不然以常规的方式被捕获在燃烧室壳体中的环形沟槽54中。在典型实施例中，夹指30数量与径向支柱数量之比被最优化为2∶1，但其它应用情况可能需要不同的比率。
外环22与流套14之间的径向间隙56允许陶瓷基复合材料衬里进行有限程度的径向浮动，而外环22前部和后部的间隙58、60允许进行有限程度的轴向浮动。
注意到，在适当地处于金属部件特别是螺栓36和自锁螺母50的材料限制范围内的温度下在陶瓷基复合材料衬里16的冷却低应力区域中实施螺栓接头。该构造中的径向载荷是螺栓接头上的独立载荷，且组件夹持载荷的大小适于在工作温度下承载该独立载荷且不损失夹持力。就这方面而言，径向柔顺的附接前夹指30必须制成具有足够柔性的尺寸以使得该独立载荷不破坏接头的工作夹持。夹指30因此具有一定厚度和长度尺寸以便能够支承由于衬里16上的压差所致的轴向载荷，同时允许夹指径向偏移从而适应具有低热膨胀系数的陶瓷基复合材料衬里16与通过径向支柱52被连接到外环22上的具有更高热膨胀系数的金属内环20的热长大差异。
本文中所述的本发明为圆柱形/锥形陶瓷基复合材料燃烧室衬里16提供了径向、切向和轴向支承。该径向柔顺前部附件(内环20和夹指30)将压力载荷作用在内环上，所述内环沿衬里的圆柱形轴线在衬里上产生净前部载荷。在涡轮机上存在停机载荷(trip load)的极端情况下，压力载荷可增加超过2倍。如果摩擦系数足够高，那么可通过摩擦承载这种异常载荷。如果摩擦不够，那么螺栓36的杆将在剪切作用下承载所述2倍的压力载荷。在任何一种情况下，陶瓷基复合材料与前部附件上的金属夹指30之间的滑动磨损被最小化。
本发明的另一可选实施例可包括在螺栓头36下面使用圆柱形成型的隔件从而与陶瓷基复合材料衬里16界面相接且消除了对衬里的内圆柱形表面进行锪孔处理的需要。
又一可选实施例可包括将具有高热膨胀系数的隔件设置在螺母50下面以补偿陶瓷基复合材料衬里16的较低的热膨胀系数。
尽管已经结合当前被认为最实用且优选的实施例对本发明进行了描述，但应该理解，本发明不限于所披露的实施例，而是相反地，本发明旨在覆盖所附技术方案的精神和范围内所包括的多种变型(包括陶瓷基复合材料以外的其它材料)和等效布置。
零件表
燃烧室10
燃烧室壳体12
燃烧室衬里16
流套14
前端18
内环20
外环22
呼啦圈式密封件26
固体环或带状部分28
金属弹簧夹指30
前端32
紧固件36
螺纹杆37
圆柱形头部38
垫圈40
面42
平面或板面44
螺栓孔46
底切部48
环指30
螺母50
埋头平面51
径向支柱52
U形部段54
环形沟槽54
径向间隙56
Claims (8)
1.一种燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃气轮机燃烧室包括同心地位于流套(14)内的呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里(16)，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端(18)设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔(49)；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环，所述内部金属环(20)设有第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔(46)；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔以由此将所述内部金属环的一端紧固到所述燃烧室衬里上的多个螺栓(36)，所述内部金属环(20)包括固体环形部分(28)和多个轴向延伸的周向隔开的弹簧夹指(30)，所述第二组多个周向隔开的螺栓孔(46)位于相应的所述弹簧夹指(30)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，其中自锁螺母(50)被可螺合地紧固到每个螺栓(36)上且与在相应的弹簧夹指的径向外表面中形成的埋头平面(51)相接合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，进一步包括在所述衬里的所述前端处与所述燃烧室衬里的径向内表面相接合的第一组多个弹性金属密封件(26)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，进一步包括在所述衬里的后端处与所述燃烧室衬里的所述径向内表面相接合的第二组多个弹性金属密封件(26)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，其中所述内部金属环的所述第二组多个螺栓孔(46)被分别形成具有用于接收所述螺栓的板面侧的杆部(44)的板面侧的埋头孔。
6.根据权利要求1所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，进一步包括在所述内部金属环(20)径向外部且与其隔开的外部金属环(22)，且多个周向隔开的支柱(52)在所述内环与所述外环之间进行延伸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃气轮机燃烧室，其中所述周向隔开的支柱(52)成对设置，每对通过固定到所述外部金属环上的弯曲部段(54)进行连接。
8.一种燃气轮机燃烧室，所述燃气轮机燃烧室包括同心地位于流套(14)内的呈圆柱形的燃烧室衬里(16)，所述燃烧室衬里包括陶瓷基复合材料，所述燃烧室衬里的前端(18)设有第一组多个周向布置的螺栓孔(49)；位于所述燃烧室衬里的所述前端外表面周围的内部金属环(20)，所述内部金属环(20)具有固体环形部分(28)和多个轴向延伸的周向隔开的弹簧夹指(30)，且第二组多个周向隔开的板面侧的螺栓孔(46)位于相应的所述弹簧夹指中；和延伸穿过所述第一组多个螺栓孔和所述第二组多个螺栓孔以由此将所述内部金属环紧固到所述燃烧室衬里上的多个螺栓(36)；其中自锁螺母(50)被可螺合地紧固到每个螺栓上且与相应的弹簧夹指的径向外表面相接合；且其中所述板面侧的螺栓孔分别用于接收相应的所述螺栓的板面侧的杆部(44)。
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| US11/247,129 US7546743B2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2005-10-12 | Bolting configuration for joining ceramic combustor liner to metal mounting attachments |
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| CN114370333B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-16 | 西安鑫垚陶瓷复合材料有限公司 | 带有金属连接件的陶瓷基复合材料构件及其制备方法 |
| CN115523512B (zh) * | 2022-10-10 | 2023-09-26 | 台州学院 | 一种冲压发动机被动热防护式燃烧室结构 |
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- 2006-08-10 JP JP2006217729A patent/JP4848227B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070240423A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| CN1948732A (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
| US7546743B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 |
| EP1775517A3 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
| DE602006013564D1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
| EP1775517B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| JP2007107872A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
| EP1775517A2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
| JP4848227B2 (ja) | 2011-12-28 |
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