CN1943951A - Electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes and special tool cathode - Google Patents
Electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes and special tool cathode Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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Abstract
The present invention is electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small hole and its special tool cathode, and belongs to the field of electrolytic machining technology. The method includes the following steps: electrolytic machining one metal pipe with one reversely copied cathode to form notches in the surface of the metal pipe; coating epoxy resin glue into the notches; installing positioning rack to the end of the tool electrode to make the forming tool electrode; machining smooth hole in the workpiece; stretching the forming tool electrode into the deep smooth hole to machine the ribbed deep small hole. The present invention has simple machining of the forming tool electrode, high ribbed hole machining precision, high machining stability and other advantages.
Description
Technical field
Electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes of the present invention and special tool cathode belong to Electrolyzed Processing
Technical field.
Background technology
Continuous development along with engine technology, requirement to engine thrust-weight ratio and pressure ratio is more and more higher, and an important channel of improving thrust-weight ratio is improved combustion chamber temperature exactly, this just requires engine to work under higher temperature, thus the design of combustion chamber, manufacturing etc. are had higher requirement, especially to the cooling of turbo blade.Modern engine, requirement can normally move under the high temperature of degree more than 1300, and this is considerably beyond the temperature that can bear of engine blade material.In order to guarantee the normal operation of engine, the cooling problem of taking effective method to solve engine blade seems particularly important.The rib cooling duct is a kind of blade methods for cooling of efficient low-resistance, and it can be applied on turbo blade leading edge, leaf basin, blade back, and common this rib passage is called " ring hole ".The ring hole is in diabatic process, the rib convection cell of cooling hole sidewall has bigger perturbation action, this perturbation action has destroyed the boundary layer of cooling duct inner fluid, reduced the thermal resistance that thermal boundary layer produced, quickened refrigerating gas by the conversion of laminar flow to turbulent flow, simultaneously also increase heat exchange area, had better cooling effect.Have Patent data [Patent No.:US 6,303,193 B1] to show, the U.S. is used for the cooling of turbo blade with this cooling hole, has obtained good effect.Its processing method is: at first process a unthreaded hole, adopt the good tool cathode of prepared beforehand then, utilize the method for Electrolyzed Processing that unthreaded hole is processed into the ring hole.This processing method has made full use of the characteristics that Electrolyzed Processing is removed material with the form of ion, with and processing in instrument lossless, the production efficiency height, the part processing surface quality is good, with outstanding advantages such as material hardness are irrelevant.The manufacturing process of its tool cathode is as follows: at first at first be coated with one deck photoresist at a periphery; Pass through photoetching then, exposure, series of process such as development are processed into periphery the structure of photoresist and conductive layer cross-distribution; At electrode end one location rack making is installed at last and ribbed deep small holes machining tool negative electrode.The tool cathode that this method is produced because photoresist directly is coated in its outer surface, adds the machining gap that makes man-hour between conductive layer and the workpiece and increases, and processing back ribbed hole precision is low; In addition, adopt photoresist to insulate, when carrying out Electrolyzed Processing, photoresist easily comes off; While is this tool cathode preparation process complexity as can be seen, and each processing step all needs specialized apparatus, and investment is big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes and special tool cathode, make difficulty to solve present ring hole machined electrode, photoresist easily comes off, process instability, the problem that working (machining) efficiency and forming accuracy are low.
A kind of electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), on workpiece, processes unthreaded hole; (2), preparation ribbed deep small holes machining tool negative electrode, and tool cathode has the metal tube of annular groove for the surface, through the epoxide-resin glue insulation processing, the insulating barrier height is lower than metal tube outer surface height in the groove; (3), workpiece is connected with the Electrolyzed Processing positive source, and be clamped on the workpiece mount pad, and make its deep hole lower end sealing; (4), tool cathode is linked to each other with the Electrolyzed Processing power cathode, its upper end links to each other with feed arrangement by the tool cathode chuck; (5), tool cathode is stretched in the workpiece unthreaded hole; (6), supply with electrolyte to electrolysis zone: electrolyte is by the tool cathode chuck, flow into by upper end, tool cathode inner passage, flow out from negative electrode locating support lower end, flow to the workpiece deep hole bottom, again by the gap between negative electrode locating support and workpiece to the upper reaches, flow out from workpiece deep hole upper end at last the processing district of flowing through; (7), utilize the ring profile of tool cathode, in main axis rotation, time processing goes out a plurality of ring shapes with ribbing in the workpiece unthreaded hole.
A kind of ribbed deep small holes Electrolyzed Processing specific purpose tool electrode is characterized in that: electrode body has the metal tube of annular groove for the surface, and scribbles epoxide-resin glue in the groove, and the height of epoxide-resin glue is lower than metal tube outer surface height.
The advantage of above-mentioned processing method is in the Electrolyzed Processing of ring hole, the preparation method of forming tool electrode is simple, the metal tube electrode sidewall is processed into the groove shape, epoxide-resin glue is coated in tools negative electrode in the metal tube groove uniformly, epoxide-resin glue thickness should not be higher than metal tube electrode external diameter, and compares at the periphery resist coating, and the machining gap that adds between the anode and cathode in man-hour is littler, can process the more tangible rib of shape, the machining accuracy height.Epoxide-resin glue has good corrosion resistance in addition, difficult drop-off in the processing, and processing stability obviously improves.The employing of forming tool electrode has improved the efficient of ring hole Electrolyzed Processing.
In addition, the rotation of main shaft in the processing has improved the flow field between the anode and cathode, has improved processing stability, and ribbed deep small holes is improved at the dimensional uniformity of circumferencial direction.Adopt above-mentioned process, can process ribbed deep small holes fast, easily at lower cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a forming tool negative electrode manufacturing process schematic diagram.Wherein Fig. 1 (a) is the preceding straight tube of processing; Fig. 1 (b) is a negative electrode backcopy process processing tube electrode sidewall groove; 1 (c) is processed into the smooth straight of groove for sidewall; Fig. 1 (d) is coated with epoxide-resin glue in the groove, and the tool-electrode of making behind the negative electrode locating support is installed.
Fig. 2 is an Electrolyzed Processing ring hole schematic diagram.Wherein Fig. 2 (e) is the preceding schematic diagram of processing; Fig. 2 (f) is processing back schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is workpiece ring hole electrolytic machining device figure.
Label title among Fig. 1: 13, smooth straight, 14, centre bore, 18, the anti-negative electrode of putting handcuffs on, 16, the processed groove of tool-electrode outer wall, 17, tool-electrode do not have insulated part, 18, the anti-electrode of copying.
Label title among Fig. 2: 1, unthreaded hole, 2, workpiece, 3, electrolyte entrance, 4, epoxy resin, 5, metal tube, 6, the gap between the anode and cathode, 7, the negative electrode locating support, 8, the workpiece mount pad, 9, gasket seal, 10, gap between negative electrode locating support and workpiece, 11, the ring hole, 12, the rib that processes.
Label title among Fig. 3: 19, computer, 20, Pressure gauge, 21, flowmeter, 22, control valve, 23, filter, 24, gear pump, 25, heater, 26, temperature sensor, 27, reservoir, 28, temperature controller, 29, ring hole machining tool negative electrode, 30, processing cavity, 31, pressing plate, 32, processing power source, 33, the tool-electrode chuck, 34, transmission mechanism, 35, motor.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 3, specify and how to process engine blade internal-rib cooling hole and tool cathode preparation.
The first step: at first utilize the Electrolyzed Processing method on workpiece, to process unthreaded hole 1.
Second step: prepare ring hole machining tool negative electrode 28 as Fig. 1.Selecting a conduction good metal pipe 13 is the tool-electrode basic material, and as Fig. 1 (a), its cross sectional shape is circular, and metal material is corrosion-resistant.Adopt an anti-negative electrode 18 of copying, utilize the Electrolyzed Processing backcopy process that the processing of metal tube outside wall surface is groove shape 16 structures shown in Fig. 2 (c), groove 16 degree of depth should be less than metal tube external diameter and interior through dimension difference, groove 16 width can be processed as required, epoxy resins insulation glue 4 is coated in the groove 16 that processes, treat its dry back at metal tube electrode one end installation negative electrode locating support 7, negative electrode locating support outer wall should process inclined-plane 8, guarantees the unobstructed of electrolyte channel.Should be pointed out that metal tube electrode 13 sizes should be next definite according to ring aperture 1 size that will process, diameter can not be too little or too big.
The 3rd step: as the transmission mechanism 34 of Fig. 3 computer 19 controls, tool-electrode 29 and workpiece 2 that Electrolyzed Processing power supply 32 connects by a carbon brush, electrolyte temperature controller 28, temperature controller is connected in heater 25 and the temperature sensor 26 that places in the reservoir 27, gear pump 24 that links to each other with reservoir 27 and filter 23, control valve 22, flowmeter 21, the electrolyte circulation system that Pressure gauge 20 is formed is connected in processing cavity 30, also comprise and placing in the processing cavity, be pressed on workpiece on the workpiece mount pad 8 by pressing plate 31, place the forming tool electrode 29 on the terminal clamp 33 to be connected in transmission device.The forming tool electrode 29 of forming ring hole electrolytic machining device is installed on the machine tool chief axis by tool-electrode chuck 33.Electrolyte is flowed into by upper end, tool cathode inner passage 3 by tool cathode chuck 33, and 10 flow out from negative electrode locating support lower end, flow to the workpiece deep hole bottom, again by the space between tool cathode and workpiece 6 to the upper reaches, flow out from workpiece deep hole upper end at last the processing district of flowing through.Along with the carrying out of reaction, workpiece anode inner surface changes, and is near conductive layer 17 metal materials and is dissolved into ring hole 11, is near insulating barrier 4 materials and is not formed rib 12 by ablation.Utilize the ring profile of tool cathode 29, time processing goes out to have a plurality of rings 11 shapes of rib 12 in the workpiece unthreaded hole.
Processing unthreaded hole 1 in the first step except adopting forming tube Electrolyzed Processing method, can also adopt the method for electric-spark drilling, when the degree of depth in hole hour also can adopt boring to process.
During preparation tool cathode 29, the groove 16 around the pipe electrode also can adopt other processing method except adopting the Electrolyzed Processing method, considers the distortion of processing back tool cathode, preferably adopts not exist the Electrolyzed Processing method of cutting force to process.And having adopted anti-handcuffs negative electrode 15, the Electrolyzed Processing method is than additive method working (machining) efficiency height.
Below " electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes and special tool cathode " principle of the present invention and process further are summarized as follows:
Process a unthreaded hole 1 in advance on processing parts, the processing of unthreaded hole can adopt the way of electrolysis, electric spark or boring to process.Adopt the way of Wire EDM to process an anti-negative electrode 18 of copying; At first select a metal tube 13 with reference to figure 1, utilize the anti-negative electrode 18 of copying that processes, adopt the Electrolyzed Processing method that the metal tube sidewall is processed some grooves 16 along metal tube 13 radial feeds.Groove 16 can not be too deeply to guarantee the intensity of tool-electrode, and the size of groove 16 has determined final processing rib 12 wide and ring hole 11 width.Epoxide-resin glue 4 is coated in the groove 16 uniformly, epoxide-resin glue 4 thickness should not be higher than metal tube electrode 13 external diameters, and compare at the periphery resist coating, and the machining gap 6 that adds between the anode and cathode in man-hour is littler, can process the more tangible rib 12 of shape, the machining accuracy height.7 pairs of processing stabilities of negative electrode locating support are most important, negative electrode locating support 7 materials are non-conducting material, it has certain intensity, can guarantee the location that tool-electrode 28 is stable, tool-electrode 28 swings because of causing in the generation of short circuit phenomenon and the process in avoiding processing towards liquid, and the inclined-plane 8 of negative electrode locating support 7 sides has guaranteed that electrolyte flow is unimpeded.Workpiece 2 is installed on the workpiece mount pad 8 and by pressing plate 31 and compresses, guarantee that the workpiece bottom end seal is good, adjust the relative position of forming tool electrode 28 and workpiece 2 before the processing, electrolyte is by gear pump 24, filter 23, pressure-regulating valve 22 flows into the processing district by pipe electrode centre bore 3 at last, make the processing district internal pressure keep stable, elaboration products are fully taken out of the processing district.Temperature controller 28 control heaters keep electrolyte temperature constant.Before power supply 32 was connected, forming tool electrode 29 was fed into certain depth under machine tool chief axis 19 drives, and connects power supply 32 tool-electrodes 29 and realize rotation under main shaft drives, and main axis rotation has guaranteed ring hole 11 uniformity in a circumferential direction that processes.By setting different machined parameters, can process ring hole 11 shapes of different size requirement.This workpiece ring pore electrolytic machining method can be stablized and processes ring shape cooling hole, has solved the difficult processing in ring hole, problem that working (machining) efficiency is low.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1), on workpiece (2), processes unthreaded hole (1);
(2), preparation ribbed deep small holes (11) machining tool negative electrode (29), and tool cathode is the metal tube (13) that the surface has annular groove (31), through the epoxide-resin glue insulation processing, the insulating barrier height is lower than metal tube outer surface height in the groove;
(3), workpiece (2) is connected with the Electrolyzed Processing positive source, and be clamped on the workpiece mount pad (8), and make its deep hole lower end sealing (9);
(4), tool cathode (29) is linked to each other with the Electrolyzed Processing power cathode, its upper end links to each other with feed arrangement (34) by tool cathode chuck (33);
(5), tool cathode (29) is stretched in the workpiece unthreaded hole (1);
(6), supply with electrolyte to electrolysis zone: electrolyte is by tool cathode chuck (33), flow into by upper end, tool cathode (29) inner passage (3), flow out from negative electrode locating support (7) lower end (10), flow to the workpiece deep hole bottom, again by the gap (6) between negative electrode locating support (7) and workpiece (2) to the upper reaches, flow out from workpiece deep hole upper end at last the processing district of flowing through;
(7), utilize the ring profile of tool cathode (29), in main axis rotation, time processing goes out a plurality of rings (11) shape of (12) with ribbing in the workpiece unthreaded hole.
2, electrolytic processing method for ribbed deep small holes according to claim 1 is characterized in that described preparation tool cathode is to adopt following steps:
(1), processes the anti-electrode (18) of copying of the sheet with rectangular toothed;
(2), choose metal tube (13), utilize the anti-electrode of copying to be negative electrode, the metal tube sidewall is processed some annular grooves (31);
(3), in groove (31), coat the epoxide-resin glue (4) that highly is lower than metal tube outer surface height;
(4), the negative electrode locating support (7) of insulation is installed in tool cathode (29) lower end;
3, a kind of ribbed deep small holes Electrolyzed Processing specific purpose tool electrode, it is characterized in that: electrode body is the metal tube (13) that the surface has annular groove (31), and scribble epoxide-resin glue (4) in the groove, the height of epoxide-resin glue is lower than metal tube outer surface height.
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