CN104227157A - Multi-potential electrolytic processing method - Google Patents
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- CN104227157A CN104227157A CN201410373682.0A CN201410373682A CN104227157A CN 104227157 A CN104227157 A CN 104227157A CN 201410373682 A CN201410373682 A CN 201410373682A CN 104227157 A CN104227157 A CN 104227157A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-potential electrolytic processing method, which is used for processing deep-hole deep-groove structures. The method comprises the following steps that a workpiece is arranged in an electrolytic bath; an inner electrode, an insulation layer covering the inner electrode and an outer electrode covering the insulation layer are arranged above the workpiece, and the lower end surface of the inner electrode is exposed and is used as a processing surface; three potentials are set, the outer electrode has high potential, the inner electrode has low potential, the potential of the workpiece is between the potential of the inner electrode and the potential of the outer electrode; the workpiece, the outer electrode and the inner electrode are electrically conducted through electrolyte; the outer electrode adopts inert conducting materials; the potential is regulated so that the high-potential region and the electrochemical etching reaction are concentrated in a region right under the low-potential electrode. The multi-potential electrolytic processing method has the advantages that the high potential of an insoluble auxiliary anode covers the outside of the cathode side wall insulation layer for restraining the electric field, the stray corrosion and the side wall taper during the electrolytic processing of structures such as holes, seams and grooves can be effectively controlled, better locality is realized, and narrow depth type straight wall deep groove structures can be processed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemical machining process, particularly relate to a kind of many potential electrolysis processing method.
Background technology
Electrolyzed Processing is the manufacturing technology utilizing the electrochemical dissolution principle of anode metal to remove material, add man-hour anode metal with ionic condition by ablation, but the available accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing is generally also low compared with the methods such as spark machined, its main cause is that Electrolyzed Processing exists the problems such as locality is poor.In Electrolyzed Processing, to ablation function influence very greatly, electric force lines distribution is more concentrated, and the locality of dissolving is higher for the intensity of electric field and distribution thereof, therefore retraining the Electric Field Distribution in electrochemical machining process, is the effective way improving Electrolyzed Processing locality, reduce dispersion corrosion.At present in electrochemical Machining Technology, mainly adopt the method such as the pulse power, nonlinear electrolyte, anode mask, cathode side walls insulation, impressed current anode to improve the locality of processing.
And under certain potentials, metal surface can generate passivating film, this passivating film can stop the dissolving of metal, limits the region of electrolysis from another angle, improves the locality of Electrolyzed Processing.
Application number be 200810022327 Chinese invention patent application propose bipolar electrode Electrolyzed Processing scheme, the bipolar electrode that its utilization is made up of tool cathode, insulating barrier and impressed current anode successively and the structure that workpiece anode fits tightly carry out Electrolyzed Processing, change gap electrical field distribution by the impressed current anode on bipolar electrode, thus improve Electrolyzed Processing precision.But in its processing scheme, bipolar electrode is through-hole template, add man-hour its impressed current anode equal with workpiece anode potential, the electric-field intensity of machining gap sidewall areas is greatly weakened, but can not suppress power line completely, therefore still there is certain dispersion corrosion; And the method adopts template processing mode, is only applicable to the processing of dimple structure, cannot processes the straight wall deep groove structures of narrow dark type such as the hole of high-aspect-ratio, seam.
Application number be 201310199975 Chinese invention patent application a kind of impressed current anode pipe electrode electrochemical machining method is proposed, the dispersion corrosion in Electrolyzed Processing is reduced by constrained electric field, impressed current anode current potential is higher than workpiece anode potential, but because impressed current anode is together with trade union college, the structure of high-aspect-ratio can not be processed, and machine at every turn all need to be separated afterwards, cleaning workpiece anode and impressed current anode, process efficiency is lower, and flexibility is not high.
Application number is the high potential inert metal template surface texture electrochemical machining method of the Chinese invention patent application proposition of 201410015571.2, what its auxiliary electrode adopted is the form of inert metal template, during Electrolyzed Processing, auxiliary electrode fits tightly on the surface of workpiece, instrument cannot continue feeding, therefore also cannot process the structures such as the hole of high aspect ratio (or depth-to-width ratio), seam, groove.
In above-mentioned electrolytic processing process, anode mask Electrolyzed Processing needs to carry out mask for each workpiece, and working (machining) efficiency is lower, and is difficult to the structure processing high-aspect-ratio; Cathode side walls insulation improves Electrolyzed Processing locality the most direct method, but the limited use of its constrained electric field distribution, can not the distribution of Complete Bind sidewall power line, therefore still there is certain dispersion corrosion phenomenon in Electrolyzed Processing; Then all there is the shortcoming of the narrow dark straight wall construction in the hole, seam, groove etc. that cannot process high aspect ratio (or depth-to-width ratio) in dual-electrode electrolysis processing, impressed current anode pipe electrode Electrolyzed Processing and high potential inert metal template electrochemical machining method.
In addition, application number is the high potential inert electrode disclosing employing in 201410015571.2 patent applications is the collapsible form being affixed on surface of the work, be combined with workpiece and there is certain error, and because low-potential electrode cannot feeding, the distance of high-potential electrode and workpiece is too small, easily causes short circuit dischange, causes surface accuracy to be deteriorated.
And above-mentioned two kinds of methods (number of patent application 201410015571.2 and number of patent application 201310199975) are not all recorded and are produced passivating film because electric field line is changed at non-machining area.
Summary of the invention
Not enough for prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of many potential electrolysis processing method, sidewall taper when effectively can control the structures such as Electrolyzed Processing hole, seam, groove and dispersion corrosion, have good locality, can process the straight wall deep groove structure of narrow dark type.
In order to overcome prior art deficiency, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of many potential electrolysis processing method, and for deep hole processing deep groove structure, described many potential electrolysis processing method comprises the following steps:
S1, workpiece water level land is arranged in the electrolytic bath of upper side opening;
S2, above workpiece, vertically combined electrode is set, combined electrode comprise the insulating barrier outside interior electrode, coated interior electrode, this insulating barrier coated and with the external electrode of interior electrode separation, the lower surface of interior electrode is exposed and be used as machined surface;
S3, the power supply that can export three different potentials voltages is set, the voltage exported be respectively the highest high-potential voltage of numerical value, low-potential voltage that numerical value is minimum, numerical value between high potential and electronegative potential in potential voltage, power supply high potential is electrically connected with external electrode and makes external electrode have high potential, power supply electronegative potential is electrically connected with interior electrode and makes interior electrode have electronegative potential, and in power supply, current potential is electrically connected with workpiece and makes the current potential of workpiece between interior electrode and external electrode;
S4, workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode to be soaked in electrolyte, or spray electrolyte makes to conduct between workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode, thus electrochemical reaction can occur; Connection power supply and workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode make each electrode and workpiece band current potential form potential difference simultaneously; External electrode adopts inactive, conductive material to make;
S5, use analysis software, according to the attribute of practical work piece material and electrolyte, the electric field of machining area is emulated, regulate simulation potential input parameter that the current potential at machining area edge is between passivation region to meet locality requirement, continue the process of emulation slotted eye and ensure locality and the borderline region passivation of process, determining that current potential input parameter is passivation potential parameter; According to the current potential of each electrode of passivation potential parameter adjustment, make areas of high potential concentrate on below low-potential electrode, make electrochemistry ablation react concentrated and act on region immediately below low-potential electrode.
One as the technical scheme of the present invention's many potential electrolysis processing method is improved, and the lower surface of described external electrode is concordant with the lower surface of interior electrode.
One as the technical scheme of the present invention's many potential electrolysis processing method is improved, and the bottom of described interior electrode is tubaeform, and the outline bottom of interior electrode is more than or equal to the outline of external electrode.
One as the technical scheme of the present invention's many potential electrolysis processing method is improved, and described external electrode adopts platinum or palladium or material with carbon element to make.
One as the technical scheme of the present invention's many potential electrolysis processing method is improved, and electrolytic bath is fixedly mounted on support, and being arranged on by assembly type electrode can the axostylus axostyle front end of length feed, constantly promotes electrode and longitudinally moves forward in electrolytic process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in one many potential electrolysis processing method of the present invention, tool-electrode system forms by three layers, comprise the tool cathode (electronegative potential) of innermost layer, intermediate insulating layer and the insoluble high-potential electrode of outermost layer (inactive, conductive material), the current potential of workpiece is between tool cathode and high-potential electrode.Many current potentials mode so just can be adopted to carry out Electrolyzed Processing, by rational design, make areas of high potential integrated distribution region immediately below tool cathode, and be lower current potential at non-machining area, thus non-machining area can generate one deck passivating film, stop ablation reaction to occur further, the ablation in machining gap oppose side wall region during Electrolyzed Processing can be stoped completely, greatly improve the form accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing when deep hole processing, seam.When structures such as machining hole, seam, grooves, be equipped with the feed motion of tool-electrode system, the straight wall deep groove structure of narrow dark type of high aspect ratio (or depth-to-width ratio) can be processed.In addition, reasonably can also design the distribution of power line by selecting the methods such as relevant parameter (as current potential, thickness of insulating layer, machining gap), thus make the region that electrolysis ablation occurs below tool-electrode change as required, improve adaptability and the controllability of Electrolyzed Processing.This many potential electrolysis processing method is by carrying out constrained electric field at the high potential of the insoluble impressed current anode of cathode side walls insulating barrier outer cladding, sidewall taper when effectively can control the structures such as Electrolyzed Processing hole, seam, groove and dispersion corrosion, there is good locality, the straight wall deep groove structure of narrow dark type can be processed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of many potential electrolysis process equipment embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is many potential electrodes equipotential surface analogous diagram one.
Fig. 3 is many potential electrodes equipotential surface analogous diagram two.
Fig. 4 is many potential electrodes equipotential surface analogous diagram three.
Fig. 5 is many potential electrodes equipotential surface analogous diagram four.
Detailed description of the invention
Below embodiments of the present invention are specifically described.
With reference to the Electrolyzed Processing equipment shown in figure 1, a kind of many potential electrolysis processing method of the present invention, the Electrolyzed Processing equipment shown in figure is used for deep hole processing deep groove structure, and described many potential electrolysis processing method comprises the following steps:
S1, be flatly arranged in the electrolytic bath 19 of upper side opening by workpiece 14, electrolytic bath 19 is for soak or spray workpiece electrolyte makes it that electrochemical reaction occur to provide electrolyte bearing space.
S2, above workpiece 14, vertically combined electrode is set, combined electrode comprises the insulating barrier 12 outside interior electrode 11, coated interior electrode 11, this insulating barrier 12 coated the external electrode 13 separated with interior electrode 11, and the lower surface of interior electrode 11 is exposed and be used as machined surface; Combined electrode can provide two current potentials, form the electrochemical reaction pattern of many potential electrolysis, thus locality can be realized more neatly, many current potentials can be provided to carry out peripheral passivation effect simultaneously, passivating film is formed at non-machining area (wall of deep hole deep trouth), improve the machining accuracy of narrow dark moldeed depth hole deep groove structure, especially form accuracy.
S3, the power supply 15 that can export three different potentials voltages is set, export the voltage of three kinds of different potentials, be respectively the highest high-potential voltage of numerical value 17, low-potential voltage 16 that numerical value is minimum, numerical value between high potential and electronegative potential in potential voltage 18.Power supply high potential is electrically connected with external electrode 13 and makes external electrode have high potential, and power supply electronegative potential is electrically connected with interior electrode 11 and makes interior electrode have electronegative potential, and in power supply, current potential is electrically connected with workpiece 14 and makes the current potential of workpiece between interior electrode 11 and external electrode 13.Like this, the electrode that final formation three different potentials are corresponding, workpiece 14 is as target, anodes relative to electrode in electronegative potential 11, the current potential of workpiece is between tool-electrode (for electrode in processing) and high-potential electrode, when each electrifying electrodes and soak or spray electrolyte time, there is electrochemical reaction and realized processing by ablation material in the workpiece 14 of intermediate potential.Workpiece has electronegative potential relative to external electrode 13; external electrode 13 has high potential; thus passivating film can be formed between workpiece 14 and external electrode 13; protection workpiece corrodes from cell reaction; the sidewall of protection work pieces process deep trouth; improve its form accuracy, the verticality of side wall of workpiece can be improved greatly.
S4, workpiece 14, external electrode 13, interior electrode 11 to be soaked in electrolyte, or spray electrolyte makes to conduct between workpiece 14, external electrode 13, interior electrode 11, thus electrochemical reaction can occur; Be communicated with to provide the power supply of multiple current potential and workpiece 14, external electrode 13, interior electrode 11 to make each electrode and workpiece band current potential form potential difference simultaneously; Form the comprehensive processing model of multiple different potentials, be energized and add electrolyte and finally realize electrical-chemistry method.In addition, external electrode adopts inactive, conductive material to make, and is convenient to form passivating film between workpiece 14 and external electrode 13.Electrolyte is NaNO3, NaClO3 etc.
S5, with reference to shown in figure 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, in the record of analogous diagram shown in Fig. 2, electrode is-3V, dispatch from foreign news agency is the equipotential line equipotential surface of 5V and Electric Field Distribution very, in the record of analogous diagram shown in Fig. 3, electrode is-5V, dispatch from foreign news agency is the equipotential line equipotential surface of 5V and Electric Field Distribution very, and in the record of analogous diagram shown in Fig. 4, electrode is-5V, and dispatch from foreign news agency is the equipotential line equipotential surface of 3V and Electric Field Distribution very, in the record of analogous diagram shown in Fig. 5, electrode is-5V, and dispatch from foreign news agency is the equipotential line equipotential surface of 1V and Electric Field Distribution very.Use analysis software as Ansys or other can carry out the software of analysis of electric field, according to the attribute of practical work piece material and electrolyte, the electric field of machining area is emulated, simulation potential input parameter is regulated to make the current potential at machining area edge be between passivation region, ensure that the locality of Electrolyzed Processing makes machining area position accurately and corresponds to the region needing processing, continue the process of emulation deep trouth deep hole, process ensures locality and borderline region passivation, determines that current potential input parameter is passivation potential parameter; According to the current potential of each electrode of passivation potential parameter adjustment, make areas of high potential concentrate on below low-potential electrode, make electrochemistry ablation react concentrated and act on region immediately below low-potential electrode, realize the locality of electrical-chemistry method.Adjust the current potential of each electrode, make areas of high potential concentrate on below low-potential electrode, electrochemistry ablation can be made to react concentrated and act on region immediately below low-potential electrode; And in the lateral region of high-potential electrode, be dispersed with relatively low current potential.When selecting Reasonable Parameters, one deck passivating film can be generated in non-machining area, protection workpiece, stoping ablation reaction.
Many potential electrolysis processing is the method adopting multiple current potential to carry out Electrolyzed Processing.In one many potential electrolysis processing method of the present invention, tool-electrode system forms by three layers, comprise the tool cathode 11(electronegative potential of innermost layer), intermediate insulating layer 12 and outermost layer insoluble high-potential electrode 13(inactive, conductive material), the current potential of workpiece 14 between tool cathode namely between electrode 11 and high-potential electrode 13.Many current potentials mode so just can be adopted to carry out Electrolyzed Processing, by rational design, make areas of high potential integrated distribution region immediately below tool cathode, and be lower current potential at non-machining area, thus in non-machining area, passivating film is generated, and owing to constraining the Electric Field Distribution in machining area, the dispersion corrosion of Electrolyzed Processing have also been obtained great improvement, therefore in the occasion needing long-time processing, the non-machining area of workpiece can be protected, this part region is made to avoid oxidation, ablation reaction is stoped to occur further, the ablation in machining gap oppose side wall region during Electrolyzed Processing can be stoped completely, greatly improve Electrolyzed Processing in deep hole processing, form accuracy during seam.When structures such as machining hole, seam, grooves, be equipped with the feed motion of tool-electrode system, the straight wall deep groove structure of narrow dark type of high aspect ratio (or depth-to-width ratio) can be processed.In addition, reasonably can also design the distribution of power line by selecting the methods such as relevant parameter (as current potential, thickness of insulating layer, machining gap), thus make the region that electrolysis ablation occurs below tool-electrode change as required, improve adaptability and the controllability of Electrolyzed Processing.This many potential electrolysis processing method is by carrying out constrained electric field at the high potential of the insoluble impressed current anode of cathode side walls insulating barrier outer cladding, sidewall taper when effectively can control the structures such as Electrolyzed Processing hole, seam, groove and dispersion corrosion, there is good locality, the straight wall deep groove structure of narrow dark type can be processed.
Workpiece no longer becomes the anode in absolute sense, but relative to high-potential electrode, becomes negative electrode.The Electrolyzed Processing of many current potentials, adopts multiple different potentials in Electrolyzed Processing, the Electric Field Distribution in constraint machining gap.High-potential electrode and low-potential electrode are combined closely, form new tool-electrode assembly, common feeding processing, in the process of processing micropore, seam, greatly reduce the dispersion corrosion in Electrolyzed Processing, the corrosion of sidewall can not be there is, at utmost can reduce sidewall taper during Electrolyzed Processing, ensure the verticality of side wall of hole, seam.
As long as completed by tool making, just can process different workpiece, therefore efficiency raising, the scope of application expand, and are not only applicable to template processing, but also can process the structure of high-aspect-ratio (depth-to-width ratio is unrestricted in theory).
More preferably, the lower surface of described external electrode 13 is concordant with the lower surface of interior electrode 11, thus the machined surface of cell reaction occurs is positioned on the downside of electrode 11, only the workpiece material of electrode 11 lower side in ablation, realize localization processing, accurate to dimension and form accuracy higher.
More preferably, the bottom of described interior electrode 11 is tubaeform, the outline bottom of interior electrode 11 is more than or equal to the outline of external electrode 12, makes ablation region still maintain interior base part, in the process of deepening continuously, the only material of electrode lower side in ablation, material outside electrode is harmless, maintains higher form accuracy, decreases the dispersion corrosion in Electrolyzed Processing, at utmost reduce sidewall taper during Electrolyzed Processing, ensure the verticality of side wall of hole, seam.
More preferably, described external electrode 13 adopts platinum or palladium or material with carbon element to make, and ensures electrolysis not to occur when Electrolyzed Processing, promotes the formation of passivating film.
More preferably, electrolytic bath 19 is fixedly mounted on support, being arranged on by assembly type electrode can the axostylus axostyle front end of length feed, in electrolytic process, constantly promote electrode longitudinally move forward, ablation workpiece material, realize Electrolyzed Processing, the straight wall construction of narrow dark moldeed depth groove can be processed, and the deep groove structure that tapering is very little.
Above disclosedly be only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, certainly can not limit the interest field of the present invention with this, therefore according to the equivalent variations that the present patent application the scope of the claims is done, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (5)
1. the processing method of potential electrolysis more than, for deep hole processing deep groove structure, is characterized in that, described many potential electrolysis processing method comprises the following steps:
S1, workpiece water level land is arranged in the electrolytic bath of upper side opening;
S2, above workpiece, vertically combined electrode is set, combined electrode comprise the insulating barrier outside interior electrode, coated interior electrode, this insulating barrier coated and with the external electrode of interior electrode separation, the lower surface of interior electrode is exposed and be used as machined surface;
S3, the power supply that can export three different potentials voltages is set, the voltage exported be respectively the highest high-potential voltage of numerical value, low-potential voltage that numerical value is minimum, numerical value between high potential and electronegative potential in potential voltage, power supply high potential is electrically connected with external electrode and makes external electrode have high potential, power supply electronegative potential is electrically connected with interior electrode and makes interior electrode have electronegative potential, and in power supply, current potential is electrically connected with workpiece and makes the current potential of workpiece between interior electrode and external electrode;
S4, workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode to be soaked in electrolyte, or spray electrolyte makes to conduct between workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode, thus electrochemical reaction can occur; Connection power supply and workpiece, external electrode, interior electrode make each electrode and workpiece band current potential form potential difference simultaneously; External electrode adopts inactive, conductive material to make;
S5, use analysis software, according to the attribute of practical work piece material and electrolyte, the electric field of machining area is emulated, regulate simulation potential input parameter that the current potential at machining area edge is between passivation region to meet locality requirement, continue the process of emulation slotted eye and ensure locality and the borderline region passivation of process, determining that current potential input parameter is passivation potential parameter; According to the current potential of each electrode of passivation potential parameter adjustment, make areas of high potential concentrate on below low-potential electrode, make electrochemistry ablation react concentrated and act on region immediately below low-potential electrode.
2. many potential electrolysis processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower surface of described external electrode is concordant with the lower surface of interior electrode.
3. many potential electrolysis processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of described interior electrode is tubaeform, and the outline bottom of interior electrode is more than or equal to the outline of external electrode.
4. many potential electrolysis processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described external electrode adopts platinum or palladium or material with carbon element to make.
5. many potential electrolysis processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: electrolytic bath is fixedly mounted on support, and being arranged on by assembly type electrode can the axostylus axostyle front end of length feed, constantly promotes electrode and longitudinally moves forward in electrolytic process.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107252939A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-17 | 广东工业大学 | Workpiece tube, inside pipe wall groove processing apparatus and its method |
| CN107378155A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity |
| CN109249098A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-22 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of electrolysis electric discharge machining apparatus |
| CN109570666A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | It is electrolysed linear cutter bipolarity tool-electrode and production and processing method |
| CN111136354A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Tool cathode for electrochemical machining of variable cross-section micro groove and electrochemical machining method thereof |
| CN111136353A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Laminated tool electrode for electrochemical machining of micro-groove and electrochemical machining method thereof |
| CN111805027A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 河南理工大学 | Spiral tool electrode and bipolar electrolytic milling and grinding method thereof |
| CN112059334A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electric field regulation and control jacking electrolytic machining device and method |
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| CN107378155A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity |
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| CN109570666A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-04-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | It is electrolysed linear cutter bipolarity tool-electrode and production and processing method |
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| CN111136354A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Tool cathode for electrochemical machining of variable cross-section micro groove and electrochemical machining method thereof |
| CN111136353A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽工业大学 | Laminated tool electrode for electrochemical machining of micro-groove and electrochemical machining method thereof |
| CN111136354B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-12-25 | 安徽工业大学 | Electrolytic machining method for tool cathode for electrolytically machining variable cross-section micro groove |
| CN111805027A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 河南理工大学 | Spiral tool electrode and bipolar electrolytic milling and grinding method thereof |
| CN112059334A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electric field regulation and control jacking electrolytic machining device and method |
| CN112059334B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2021-10-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Electric field regulation and control jacking electrolytic machining device and method |
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| CN104227157B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
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