CN107378155A - A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity - Google Patents
A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity Download PDFInfo
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- CN107378155A CN107378155A CN201710401047.2A CN201710401047A CN107378155A CN 107378155 A CN107378155 A CN 107378155A CN 201710401047 A CN201710401047 A CN 201710401047A CN 107378155 A CN107378155 A CN 107378155A
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- auxiliary electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
Abstract
A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity proposed by the present invention carries out the electrical-chemistry method of hole including the use of electrical-chemistry method system to the stainless steel surfaces, the electrical-chemistry method system includes, power supply (1), electrolyte (3), ion (4) and electrode, methods described is also processed auxiliary electrode including the use of auxiliary electrode to be included：In the surrounding increase auxiliary electrode (6) of original anode workpiece (5), isolate between auxiliary electrode (6) and anode workpiece (5) using insulation edge strip (7), auxiliary electrode (6) with anode workpiece (5) surface while connects the positive pole of power supply (1) during processing.The method that the present invention improves the Electric Field Distribution of finished surface by using auxiliary electrode, to be effectively improved the uniformity of anode surface Electric Field Distribution, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to assivation property technical field of metal material surface modification, and it improves stainless steel surfaces more particularly to a kind of
The method of electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity,
Background technology
Stainless steel has good physical property, processing performance and decay resistance etc., in industrial production and daily life
In be widely used.In recent years, with the reduction of Research scale, it is in the micromechanics field such as side such as Micro Fluid Transfer, biologic medical
The application value in face highlights all the more.Wetting and adhesion property are the important surface propertys of solid material, in micromechanics research field
Very important, it directly affects the performance of machinery, drag reduction, the Implantable Medical Device of lubrication, microfluid such as micromechanics
The biocompatibility etc. for carrying medicine, alternative medicine equipment.
Microstructure is an important factor for influenceing material surface performance, to be improved by changing the microscopic appearance of material surface
Material surface performance is significant, and porous surface process technology is to realize the basis of its surface property, and is carrying out big face
During product surface micropore texture, uniformity is an important evaluation index, and it will directly affect finished surface adhesiveness
Consistent degree.Surface microporous structure belongs to the manufacture of large area microstructure, its technology of preparing was both because size is small, quantity is big
Consider machining accuracy, consider processing efficiency and economy again.Some existing multiple hole surface preparation methods include powder
Sintering process, chemical etching method, electrochemical process etc..
Powder sintering is a kind of more ripe surface porosity manufacture method, and it is coated in metal base surface
After binder solution, metal dust, which is uniformly spread out, makes it be bonded on matrix, and agent solution to be bonded is sintered after air-drying, in oxygen
Metal powder surface fusing is heated under gas shielded, constant temperature about 20min makes binding agent decompose volatilization, and powder is linked to be one with matrix
Body, porous metals surface is formed, as shown in figure 1, being the porous metals surface topography prepared using sintering process.The technique of this method
Simply, cost is low, but the porosity on surface is not high, and bonding strength is relatively low.
Chemical etching method is to utilize chemical reaction by the processing method of material removal, including dry etching and wet etching.
Dry etching is chemically reacted by plasma and the material that is etched, and realizes the processing of surface micro-structure.This method adds
Work efficiency high, etching precision is good, but to equipment requirement height.Wet etching is then by chemical etching liquid and the storeroom that is etched
Chemically react to remove the method that material forms surface micro-structure.This method is simple to operate, strong adaptability, available for large area system
Make, but etch isotropism, precision is low, and the harm to people and environment is big.
Electrochemical process is the method that microstructure is prepared using the oxidation/reduction reaction of electrochemistry.In electrical-chemistry method
The removal process of material is carried out in the form of ion, and this makes this method have great advantage in field of micro-manufacture, but adds
The stray electrical current that electric field is formed in break gap can cause dispersion corrosion to workpiece, reduce the precision of its processing, also limit it
Using.But the present invention can be effectively improved sun according to measures such as control cathode size, processing gap and increase auxiliary electrodes
The uniformity of pole surface electric field distribution, and then improve the unevenness of finished surface.
Powder sintering is a kind of more ripe surface porosity manufacture method, and it is coated in metal base surface
After binder solution, metal dust, which is uniformly spread out, makes it be bonded on matrix, and agent solution to be bonded is sintered after air-drying, in oxygen
Metal powder surface fusing is heated under gas shielded, constant temperature about 20min makes binding agent decompose volatilization, and powder is linked to be one with matrix
Body, form porous metals surface.The technique of this method is simple, cost is low, but the porosity on surface is not high, and bonding strength compared with
It is low.
Chemical etching method is to utilize chemical reaction by the processing method of material removal, including dry etching and wet etching.
Dry etching is chemically reacted by plasma and the material that is etched, and realizes the processing of surface micro-structure.This method adds
Work efficiency high, etching precision is good, but to equipment requirement height.Wet etching is then by chemical etching liquid and the storeroom that is etched
Chemically react to remove the method that material forms surface micro-structure.This method is simple to operate, strong adaptability, available for large area system
Make, but etch isotropism, precision is low, and the harm to people and environment is big.Electrochemical process is the oxidation/reduction using electrochemistry
React to prepare the method for microstructure.The removal process of material is carried out in the form of ion in electrical-chemistry method, and this makes
This method has a great advantage in field of micro-manufacture, but process the stray electrical current that electric field is formed in gap workpiece can be caused it is miscellaneous
Corrosion is dissipated, the precision of its processing is reduced, also limit its application.
The purpose of the present invention is：1st, proposition improves the method for the Electric Field Distribution of finished surface using auxiliary electrode, to have
Effect improves the uniformity of anode surface Electric Field Distribution, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；2nd, for cathode size
Prominent question, influence of the research cathode size to processing uniformity, to obtain best cathodes are influenceed on electrical-chemistry method uniformity
Size, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；3rd, current density point of the research processing gap length to anode surface
Cloth situation, optimal process gap is found, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole.
The content of the invention
Dispersion corrosion can be caused to workpiece, reduce the essence of its processing to solve to process the stray electrical current that electric field is formed in gap
The problems such as spending, the present invention proposes to improve the method for the Electric Field Distribution of finished surface using auxiliary electrode, to be effectively improved anode
The uniformity of surface electric field distribution, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole.
A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity proposed by the present invention is including the use of electrification
The electrical-chemistry method that system of processing carries out hole to the stainless steel surfaces is learned, the electrical-chemistry method system includes, power supply
(1), electrolyte (3), ion (4) and electrode, methods described are also processed including the use of auxiliary electrode.
Further, the electrode includes cathode tool (2) and the anode workpiece clamped respectively by fixture (8)
(5), cathode tool (2) and anode workpiece (5) are respectively turned on the negative pole and positive pole of power supply (1).
Further, when switch on power (1), when thering is the electric current to flow through, anode workpiece (5) metal surface atom lose electronics with
The form of cation (4) is entered in electrolyte (3), and oxidation reaction occurs；Metal ion (4) in electrolyte (3) is in negative electrode
Instrument (2) surface obtains electron reduction into metallic atom, and reduction reaction occurs.
Further, it is described to be also processed including the use of auxiliary electrode, including：The four of original anode workpiece (5)
Zhou Zengjia auxiliary electrodes (6), are isolated between auxiliary electrode (6) and anode workpiece (5) using insulation edge strip (7), are aided in during processing
Electrode (6) connects the positive pole of power supply (1) with anode workpiece (5) surface simultaneously.
It is an advantage of the invention that：1st, propose using auxiliary electrode to improve the method for the Electric Field Distribution of finished surface, come
The uniformity of anode surface Electric Field Distribution is effectively improved, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；2nd, for negative electrode chi
It is very little that prominent question is influenceed on electrical-chemistry method uniformity, influence of the cathode size to processing uniformity is have studied, is obtained optimal
Cathode size, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；3rd, it have studied electricity of the processing gap length to anode surface
Current density distribution situation, optimal process gap is searched out, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sintered porous exterior view
Fig. 2 is electrical-chemistry method schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is electrode diagrammatic cross-section
Fig. 4 is increase auxiliary electrode diagrammatic cross-section
Fig. 5 finished surfaces amplify the overall pattern block plan after 108 times
Fig. 6 is increased without the anode surface current density distributing figure of auxiliary electrode
Fig. 7 is increase auxiliary electrode post-processing zone current Density Distribution
Fig. 8 is electrochemical machining apparatus geometrical model schematic diagram
Fig. 9 is unevenness with cathode size variation diagram
Figure 10 is unevenness with processing gap changing trend diagram
Figure 11 is unevenness with clearance for insulation changing trend diagram
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention is described further.
As shown in Fig. 2 it is electrical-chemistry method schematic diagram：
Including power supply (1), cathode tool (2), electrolyte (3), ion (4) and anode workpiece (5).When switching on power
(1) when, having the electric current to flow through, anode workpiece (5) metal surface atom loses electronics and enters electrolysis in the form of cation (4)
In liquid (3), oxidation reaction occurs；Metal ion (4) in electrolyte (3) obtained on cathode tool (2) surface electron reduction into
Metallic atom, reduction reaction occurs.
Fig. 3 is electrode diagrammatic cross-section, and supporting fixture (8) clamps cathode tool (2) and anode workpiece (5) respectively,
It is placed in electrolyte (3), cathode tool (2) and anode workpiece (5) are respectively turned on the negative pole and positive pole of power supply (1), you can occur
Corresponding redox reaction.
Fig. 4 is the diagrammatic cross-section after increase auxiliary electrode, and concrete operations are as follows：
Increase auxiliary electrode (6) in the surrounding of original anode workpiece (5), between auxiliary electrode (6) and anode workpiece (5)
Using insulation edge strip (7) isolation, auxiliary electrode (6) connects the positive pole of power supply (1) with anode workpiece (5) surface simultaneously during processing, cloudy
Pole instrument (2) connects the negative pole of power supply (1), and other operations are constant.
By taking the stainless steel surfaces after 5min is processed in 15%NaNO3 solution as an example, a certain moment finished surface is studied in research
The uniform implementations of hole distribution：
Fig. 5 (a) is that finished surface amplifies the overall pattern after 108 times, and print intermediate region color can be observed from figure
It is brighter, and fringe region color is dark, in order to evaluate the corrosion uniformity coefficient of whole finished surface, in the figure from center to side
Edge takes the big regions such as ten areas, wherein region centered on No. 1,2, No. 3 be its upper and lower two side areas, 4, No. 5 are No. 1
Left and right sides region, but the distance of No. 1 central area of distance is remote compared with 2, No. 3 regions, and 6, No. 7 are respectively top and the right edge
Region, No. 8 are upper right comer region, measure above-mentioned each region and amplify shown in image such as Fig. 5 (b-i) after 1080 times.
(1) above-mentioned all subregion enlarged drawing is handled using digital image processing techniques, obtains all subregion table
Face hole coverage rate situation.
Table 1 does not increase each regional area surface hole defect coverage rate (%) of auxiliary electrode
Table 2 increases each region hole coverage rate (%) in auxiliary electrode post-processing surface
Defined according to unevenness, finished surface unevenness is respectively 19.01 Hes before and after calculating increase auxiliary electrode
0.54, finished surface uniformity can be improved by demonstrating addition auxiliary electrode.
(2) the macroscopic electric field distributed model of machining area, the electricity of numerical simulation anode surface are established using Finite Element
Current density distribution situation.
Increase the edge that the big region of current density after auxiliary electrode concentrates on auxiliary electrode as seen from the figure, and anode surface
Electric current distribution it is more uniform, this explanation can be effectively improved anode surface electric field point using the method for increase auxiliary electrode
The uniformity of cloth, and then improve the unevenness of finished surface.
It is to establish the model of machining area, shadow of each geometric parameter of numerical simulation processing unit (plant) to processing uniformity below
Ring：
Because whole device is axially symmetric structure, in order to reduce amount of calculation, the number of half machining area as shown in Figure 8 is established
Model is learned, wherein workpiece size R is 4mm, remaining border L-tool sizes, P-insulating materials width, and W-auxiliary electrode is wide
Degree, D-processing gap size are the parameter to be studied of emulation, and they collectively constitute closed area Q.
Emulation major parameter is shown in Table 3：
The simulation parameter of table 3
1) influence of the cathode size to uniformity
When Fig. 9 (a) is that constant of other specification changes tool-electrode size, the electric current distribution situation of anode surface,
As seen from the figure, when cathode size is less than anode dimension, the current density at finished surface edge is close significantly lower than middle electric current
Degree.As cathode size increases, the current density of anode surface fringe region starts to increase, when cathode size is slightly larger than anode chi
When very little, electric current distribution is more uniform.If cathode size continues to increase, the current density change in anode edge region is no longer bright
Aobvious, this is due to that the electric current distribution of anode surface is mainly influenceed by its near zone electrode, when cathode size increases to
After to a certain degree, it is distant to be further continued for electrode area and the workpiece surface of increase, therefore on workpiece surface influence very little, almost
It can ignore.Fig. 9 (b) shows cathode size change and the relation of electrical-chemistry method surface non-uniformness, works as negative electrode in the figure
When size is more slightly larger than anode dimension (L=4.5mm in figure), the unevenness on surface is minimum, and cathode size is further added by, workpiece table
The unevenness change in face is little.
2) influence of the gap to uniformity is processed
Figure 10 (a) is that other specification is constant, when only changing machining area gap length, the electric current distribution of anode surface
Situation.It can be seen that when gap is smaller (D=0.1mm in figure), the current density at finished surface edge is significantly lower than center
The current density in region, with the increase in processing gap, the current density of fringe region and the current density of central area are more next
Closer, after gap increase is processed to a certain extent, the current density for fringe region occur is close higher than central area electric current
Spend (D=0.5mm in figure).From Figure 10 (b), with the increase in processing gap, workpiece surface unevenness first reduces to be increased afterwards
Greatly, it is seen then that for specific electrical-chemistry method system, optimal processing gap can be found by analogue simulation.
3) influence of the auxiliary electrode to uniformity
Figure 11 and Figure 12 is knot constant in other specification, that change auxiliary electrode width and clearance for insulation size obtain respectively
Fruit.Blue line is the result for not increasing auxiliary electrode in Figure 10 (a), it is seen then that the electric current of workpiece rim zone during without auxiliary electrode
Density is apparently higher than central current density.Surface current density distribution after other increase auxiliary electrodes then has clear improvement, its
When middle auxiliary electrode width is equal to work piece size half (W=4mm in figure), electric current distribution uniformity is best, Figure 10
(b) the uneven angle value in is minimum.From Figure 11 (a), clearance for insulation is smaller, and the uniformity of electric current distribution is better, this
It is due to the electric current that auxiliary electrode can divide to walk workpiece rim zone, makes the current density of fringe region reduce, clearance for insulation is smaller
The effect of shunting is better, and with the increase of clearance for insulation, the effect of auxiliary electrode shunting gradually weakens, thus marginal zone also be present
The current density in domain is higher than the phenomenon of central area.Figure 11 (b) also indicates that clearance for insulation is smaller, the uniformity of electrical-chemistry method
Better.
Result above is analyzed, can be drawn the following conclusions：
As a result it is as follows：
1. cathode size influences notable on electrical-chemistry method uniformity.When cathode size is less than anode dimension, table is processed
Surface uniformity is poor, and when cathode size is slightly larger than anode dimension, processing uniformity is preferable, is further continued for increasing cathode size to changing
Kind processing uniformity effect is little.
2. being directed to specific electrical-chemistry method system, optimal processing gap be present, make it to obtain the uneven of minimum
Degree.
3. electrical-chemistry method uniformity can preferably be improved using auxiliary electrode.The size of auxiliary electrode and clearance for insulation
Size has an impact to surface uniformity, and the smaller processing uniformity of clearance for insulation is better, and the width of auxiliary electrode is wide equal to workpiece
When spending half, uniformity is best.
The present invention key point be：1st, proposition improves the method for the Electric Field Distribution of finished surface using auxiliary electrode, with
The uniformity of anode surface Electric Field Distribution is effectively improved, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；2nd, for negative electrode chi
Very little that prominent question is influenceed on electrical-chemistry method uniformity, influence of the research cathode size to processing uniformity is optimal cloudy to obtain
Pole size, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole；3rd, current density of the research processing gap length to anode surface
Distribution situation, optimal process gap is found, so as to improve the unevenness of finished surface hole.
And show that one draws a conclusion by emulating and testing：
1. cathode size influences notable on electrical-chemistry method uniformity.When cathode size is less than anode dimension, table is processed
Surface uniformity is poor, and when cathode size is slightly larger than anode dimension, processing uniformity is preferable, is further continued for increasing cathode size to changing
Kind processing uniformity effect is little.
2. being directed to specific electrical-chemistry method system, optimal processing gap be present, make it to obtain the uneven of minimum
Degree.
3. electrical-chemistry method uniformity can preferably be improved using auxiliary electrode.The size of auxiliary electrode and clearance for insulation
Size has an impact to surface uniformity, and the smaller processing uniformity of clearance for insulation is better, and the width of auxiliary electrode is wide equal to workpiece
When spending half, uniformity is best.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity, methods described is including the use of electrical-chemistry method
System carries out the electrical-chemistry method of hole to the stainless steel surfaces, and the electrical-chemistry method system includes, power supply (1), electrolysis
Liquid (3), ion (4) and electrode, it is characterised in that methods described is also processed including the use of auxiliary electrode.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the electrode includes the negative electrode clamped respectively by fixture (8)
Instrument (2) and anode workpiece (5), cathode tool (2) and anode workpiece (5) are respectively turned on the negative pole and positive pole of power supply (1).
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that when switch on power (1), when thering is the electric current to flow through, anode workpiece (5)
Metal surface atom is lost electronics and entered in the form of cation (4) in electrolyte (3), and oxidation reaction occurs；Electrolyte (3)
In metal ion (4) electron reduction is obtained on cathode tool (2) surface into metallic atom, reduction reaction occurs.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described is also processed including the use of auxiliary electrode, including：
In the surrounding increase auxiliary electrode (6) of original anode workpiece (5), insulation side is used between auxiliary electrode (6) and anode workpiece (5)
Bar (7) is isolated, and auxiliary electrode (6) connects the positive pole of power supply (1) with anode workpiece (5) surface simultaneously during processing.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the auxiliary electrode width is equal to work piece size half.
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| CN201710401047.2A CN107378155A (en) | 2017-05-31 | 2017-05-31 | A kind of method for improving stainless steel surfaces electrical-chemistry method hole uniformity |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110230078A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-09-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | The micro- increasing material manufacturing method of constrained electric field dynamic regulation electrochemistry |
| CN113373496A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Electrochemical treatment auxiliary electrode and use method |
| CN114403965A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州美东汇成精密部件有限公司 | Nail abutting seat for electrochemical machining of conductive metal material |
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| CN113373496A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Electrochemical treatment auxiliary electrode and use method |
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Application publication date: 20171124 |