CN1938439A - Heat-resistant aluminium alloy for heat exchangers - Google Patents
Heat-resistant aluminium alloy for heat exchangers Download PDFInfo
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- CN1938439A CN1938439A CNA2005800105271A CN200580010527A CN1938439A CN 1938439 A CN1938439 A CN 1938439A CN A2005800105271 A CNA2005800105271 A CN A2005800105271A CN 200580010527 A CN200580010527 A CN 200580010527A CN 1938439 A CN1938439 A CN 1938439A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001398 aluminium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000806 Latten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat-resistant aluminium alloy for heat exchangers, a method for producing an aluminium strip or sheet for heat exchangers, and a corresponding aluminium strip or sheet. The aim of the invention is to provide an aluminium alloy and an aluminium strip or sheet which has a good recycling capacity, a Solidus temperature of at least 620 DEG C, and an improved heat-resistance after welding. To this end, the inventive aluminium alloy comprises the following parts of alloy constituents in wt. %: 0.3 % <= Si <= 1 %, Fe <= 0.5 %, 0.3 % <= Cu <= 0.7 %, 1.1 % <= Mn <= 1.8 %, 0.15 % <= Mg <= 0.6 %, 0.01 % <= Cr <= 0.3 %, Zn <= 0.10 %, Ti <= 0.3 %, unavoidable impurities separately representing a maximum of 0.1 %, and together a maximum of 0.15 %, the remainder being aluminium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for a kind of manufacture method and the corresponding aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of a kind of heat-resisting aluminium alloy of heat exchanger, the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger or aluminium sheet.
Background technology
The heat exchanger made from aluminum or aluminum alloy in automotive field is just increasing.Under the situation of size and power on year-on-year basis, almost make the weight of heat exchanger reduce half with aluminium substitution non-ferrous metal heat exchanger in the past commonly used.The heat exchanger made from aluminum or aluminum alloy is used for the cooling of water coolant, oil at present mostly in automobile, with being charge air cooler and being used for conditioning unit.The heat exchanger that automobile is used is generally made with aluminium strip or aluminium sheet, and wherein for example radiator element, pipe and divider interconnect by welding the prefabricated component of each of heat exchanger.In actual use, owing to the vibrations of impact type, the operating pressure that long-time vibration, the burn into that continues is high, high working temperature and temperature alternating, it is sizable affacting the load of making like this, be installed on the component in the automobile.Although the operating pressure that improves constantly of these sizable loads and heat exchanger is arranged, but still exist the trend that alleviates vehicle weight and further reduce the heat exchanger wall thickness thus.In addition, because the European Union and the U.S. have further improved for example working temperature of charge air cooler, thereby have further improved the thermotolerance requirement of brazed aluminum alloy about the severe legislation of emission standard.The yield strength Rp0.2 of the accessible definite intensity of aluminium alloy that heat exchanger is used up to now is less than 65 MPas.After about 250 ℃ of high temperature brazings, just be starkly lower than 65 MPas.This yield strength value no longer satisfies the forward requirement to heat exchanger owing to further reduce the background of wall thickness.As everyone knows, in order to improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy, people add alloying element for example nickel, chromium element or rare earth element more or less in aluminium alloy.But in aluminium alloy, generally do not contain these alloy ingredients, and they produce deleterious effects in the use occasion of heat exchanger that is not soldering.Just in this point, adding above-mentioned alloy ingredient also is a big problem to the utilization ratio again of aluminium alloy in face of European Union's crate regulations.The most frequently used method of manufacturing heat exchanger is the vacuum brazing without flux on the one hand, then is with the gas protecting soldering that does not have corrosion flux on the other hand.Heat exchanger up to now when vacuum brazing used aluminium alloy for example aluminium alloy AA6063 (AlMg0.7Si), AA6061 (AlMg1SiCu) or AA6951 (AlMg0.6SiCu) have quite high magnesium content, and usually with the high scolder of magnesium content for example AA4004 weld, because making the aluminum solder oxidation of the fusing on the soldered parts also guarantee the flawless welding of no flux thus, " air-breathing " reach the high intensity level of the heat exchanger of soldering so that in the vacuum brazing process, avoid on the one hand on the other hand in the age-hardening process after welding.But the shortcoming of vacuum brazing is the maintenance of vacuum tightness and the many expenses of purity requirement needs of quilt being welded parts.Under these viewpoints, select for use shielding gas to weld that then expense is less, because welding is to carry out in by the inert protective gas protective atmosphere that for example nitrogen is formed a kind of.In addition, shielding gas welding can be shortened weld cycle and reaches 20%.But the known aluminium alloy of the vacuum brazing that unavailable magnesium content is high is because magnesium reacts with incorrosive flux in brazing process.Workability can expand higher magnesium content to by using the expensive flux that contains caesium.Gas shield welding also is called the CAB welding, and it is the most important manufacture method of the heat exchanger used of automotive industry.Also have the salt bath welding, be dipped in the salt bath after the parts preheating.Salt bath is flux and heat transmission medium simultaneously.Liquid salt and oxide skin are reacted and are made by the solder of flux protection and reacts.After the welding temperature soaking time finishes, from salt bath, transport heat exchanger, and must guarantee the discharge of liquid salt.Because flux when salt bath welds normally moisture absorption and contain muriate, so all heat exchangers after salt bath welding, must in multiple-stage treatment, purify, to avoid etching problem.In addition, for the fusing of the aluminium core alloy that prevents soldered heat exchanger element in one of above-mentioned three kinds of welding processs, aluminium alloy should have at least 620 ℃ solidus temperature.
Based on above-mentioned, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminium alloy and aluminium strip or aluminium sheet, they have at least 620 ℃ solidus temperature and have the thermotolerance of improvement after solderings under the prerequisite of higher utilization ratio again.In addition, the object of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of corresponding aluminium strip or aluminium sheet.
According to a first aspect of the invention, above-mentioned purpose is to realize by a kind of aluminium alloy with following alloying constituent content by weight percentage that is used for heat exchanger, that is:
0.3％≤Si≤1％，
Fe≤0.5％，
0.3％≤Cu≤0.7％，
1.1％≤Mn≤1.8％，
0.15％≤Mg≤0.6％，
0.01％≤Cr≤0.3％，
Zn≤0.1％，
Ti≤0.3％，
Inevitably associated element is single maximum 0.1%, total quantity maximum 0.15%, and all the other are aluminium.
The characteristics of aluminium alloy of the present invention are, not only have to be higher than 620 ℃ solidus temperature, and also have extra high thermotolerance after soldering.Can make heat exchanger element with aluminium alloy of the present invention and for example manage, no matter its yield strength Rp0.2 is being higher than 65 MPas in room temperature or under 250 ℃ of test temperature situations after the heat exchanger soldering.So with general aluminium alloy especially with the AA3005 alloy ratio, surpass 20% higher thermotolerance even also have under in temperature up to 265 ℃ of situations with the heat exchanger element of aluminium alloy manufacturing of the present invention.Accessible thermotolerance has reached a high secondary phase density owing to aluminium alloy of the present invention by the combination that improves Si, Mn and Cr content.In addition, aluminium alloy of the present invention has-750 millivolts more effective corrosion potential.The parts made from aluminium alloy of the present invention for example pipe, tube sheet, side plate or the plate of heat exchanger can be realized the design of the corrosion structure of heat exchanger, so the above-mentioned parts of heat exchanger have high corrosion resistance nature.In addition, aluminium alloy of the present invention has only very little cold working hardening, so aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet made with aluminium alloy of the present invention are not limited by inventory time before processing or before the soldering distortion.
In addition, the heat exchanger component made from aluminium alloy of the present invention shows after soldering astoundingly, although increased copper content, but still has reached excellent corrosion resisting performance.
The weight alloy per-cent 0.3% to 1.0% of alloying constituent Si causes the intensity of aluminium alloy after soldering enough high with the weight alloy per-cent combination of all the other alloying constituents, and does not reduce fusing point.If do not keep the above-mentioned scope of Si content, then be lower than down in limited time at silicone content, it is too low that the intensity of aluminium alloy becomes after soldering, and surpass in limited time at Si content, and solidus temperature reduces to below 620 ℃.The Fe content of aluminium alloy of the present invention is restricted to maximum percentage by weight 0.5% and combines with Cu content of the present invention and improved the erosion resistance of aluminium alloy after the soldering.When soldering, the weary copper of the break of the near surface of the core material made from aluminium alloy of the present invention is so produce a protection potential gradient to your core material with higher Cu content.This specific character of aluminium alloy is owing to iron-holder causes less when soldering.During less than weight percent 0.3%, the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy of the present invention obviously descends at Cu content, and surpasses in limited time aluminium alloy easy hot tearing when casting at Cu content.In addition, when higher Cu content, also produce corrosion and soldering problem, although because core material lacks copper, its near surface layer still have high relatively Cu content.On the one hand, the Mn content of aluminium alloy of the present invention is determining the size separated out; On the other hand, Mn content also influences thermotolerance.When the manganese in the aluminium alloy of the present invention was lower than lower value weight percent 1.1%, the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy just descended; Then cause in-house coarse-grain to be separated out when manganese content is increased to above higher limit weight percent 1.8%, this situation is damaged the deformability of aluminium alloy on the whole.The intensity of brazed aluminum alloy can influence by Mg content in addition.Mg content reduces to weight percent can cause aluminium alloy below 0.15% undercapacity, and the upper limit of Mg content is increased to weight percent 0.6% can guarantee that aluminium alloy of the present invention is that vacuum brazing method, CAB method for brazing and salt-bath dip brazing method are carried out soldering with whole three kinds of method for welding.On the one hand, the Cr content of aluminium alloy of the present invention is at least weight percent 0.01% and has guaranteed that aluminium alloy of the present invention has enough thermotolerances; On the other hand, by Cr content being restricted to the formability that maximum percentage by weight 0.3% has guaranteed aluminium alloy of the present invention, in crystal structure, there is coarse-grain to separate out because in surpassing the situation of this limit, find.For aluminium alloy of the present invention is ideally suited in making pipe racks, tube sheet band, side plate band and strip, the Zn content of aluminium alloy is limited in maximum percentage by weight 0.1%.Higher Zn content can reduce the corrosion potential of aluminium alloy, is inexpensive so this aluminium alloy is for example compared with the radiator element of no Zn.Guaranteed not form coarse-grain by Ti content maximum percentage by weight 0.3% of the present invention in aluminium alloy at last and separated out, the deformability that coarse-grain is separated out aluminium alloy has a negative impact.
According to the improved embodiment of another kind, aluminium alloy of the present invention has following alloying constituent content (weight percent):
0.15％≤Mg≤0.3％，
Zn≤0.05％，
0.01％≤Ti≤0.3％，
This aluminium alloy of the present invention need not be expensive contain caesium flux and can process by the CAB method for brazing, meanwhile, reduced the danger that the aluminum base cracks when solidifying, and increased corrosion potential by reducing Zn content by Ti content.
The another kind of embodiment of aluminium alloy according to the present invention has the following content (weight percent) of alloying constituent Si, Fe and Mn and can take into account maximum strength and simultaneously higher solidus temperature after the soldering well by aluminium alloy, that is:
0.5％≤Si≤0.8％，
Fe≤0.35％，
1.1％≤Mn≤1.5％，
According to a second aspect of the invention, above-mentioned purpose is that the aluminium strip used by heat exchanger or a kind of manufacture method of aluminium sheet realize like this, a kind of rolled blank made from heat-resisting aluminium alloy of the present invention is poured into a mould with continuous metal cast process, this rolled blank before hot rolling through 400 to 500 ℃ of preheatings, be rolled into a kind of hot rolled band, wherein the hot rolled band temperature is 250 to 380 ℃, and this hot rolled band is rolled down to 3 to 10 millimeters hot rolling tape thickness when hot rolling finishes, and this hot rolled band is cold rolled to final thickness.Above-mentioned manufacturing technical feature by aluminium strip combines with aluminium alloy of the present invention and makes a kind of aluminium strip with high secondary phase density.Aluminium strip of the present invention or aluminium sheet have high thermotolerance with its high secondary phase density in room temperature with under 250 ℃ of temperature conditionss.The yield strength RP0.2 of aluminium strip is being more than 65 MPas under the said temperature situation.
If aluminium strip of the present invention or aluminium sheet are side plate band, strip or tube sheet band, then can before the rolled blank preheating, carry out homogenizing annealing by the improved embodiment of the next one of the present invention.Aluminium strip needs distortion owing to make pipe racks, side plate or the plate of heat exchanger, so should have maximum deformability before being processed into the above-mentioned parts of heat exchanger.This modification ability was degenerated by homogenizing before the rolled blank preheating and is guaranteed.If aluminium strip of the present invention before soldering without undergoing gross distortion, the homogenizing annealing before for example under making the situation of pipe, can cancelling preheating.Although reduced the yield strength Rp0.2 of aluminium strip by the homogenizing annealing before the preheating, even but yield strength Rp0.2 under the situation of 250 ℃ of test temperatures still always greater than 50 MPas, the yield strength that therefore reaches is considerably beyond the yield strength of standard alloy AA3003.
Under 300 to 450 ℃ of temperature conditionss, carry out the deformability that process annealing can further improve aluminium strip by the hot rolling band.Another kind of or additional scheme is, aluminium strip carries out process annealing cold rolling before reaching final thickness under 300 to 450 ℃ of temperature conditionss.Again eliminated the work hardening that in aluminium strip, produces owing to be out of shape to a great extent by process annealing.Above-mentioned processing step has been guaranteed aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet maximum distortion ability when cold rolling.
According to a kind of improved embodiment of the inventive method, the final state of aluminium strip is to determine like this, after cold rolling, carry out state and be annealed to final state under 250 to 400 ℃ of temperature conditionss.If aluminium strip is used to make tube sheet, side plate or the plate of heat exchanger, then after cold rolling, carry out softening annealing.If pipe is made with the aluminium strip that need not gross distortion, then aluminium strip only carries out tempering after cold rolling and gets final product.
According to another improved embodiment of the inventive method, rolled blank one side or thin slab of making of the another kind of alloy of two-sided usefulness after preheating coat.Like this, the core base just can be determined with the performance of the composite surface of thin slab coating and be almost irrelevant with aluminium core alloy.For example coat and to improve the process reliability of heat exchanger component when the soldering with a kind of aluminum solder.In addition, also can on aluminium core base, coat other thin slab made from non-solder, for example anticorrosion coating.If the thin slab made from scolder, then the aluminum solder layer when hot rolling and core base cold welding connect, so aluminium strip has the layer of even coating layer of aluminum solder.This causes the especially all even stable soldering between each parts of heat exchanger to connect when soldering.In addition, when covering with the aluminum solder single face, another side can for example coat or plating with the aluminium alloy of a kind of preservative activity with another kind of aluminium alloy.The aluminum pipe of heat exchanger can carry out the single or double plating as required.The aluminium strip that side plate is used then under normal circumstances is the single face plating.The tube sheet of heat exchanger and plate are used two-sided plating mostly.
Also available other some alternative solder coating methods combine with aluminium strip of the present invention.
According to the another kind of embodiment of the inventive method, the inventive method of aluminium strip manufacturing can be improved like this, adopts Si content to be weight percentage 6% to 13% aluminium alloy, especially AlSi7.5 alloy or AlSi10 alloy as aluminum solder.Because the Si content height of scolder, silicon is diffused into the core of aluminium strip and causes edge of separating out by the AlMnSi phase composite of this formation from scolder, with the core alloy ratio, this has negative corrosion potential mutually.So when corrosive nature is to the aluminium strip of making by the inventive method, produce corrosion along the length of aluminium strip or along separating out the edge.The core of aluminium strip is not corrosion then, and for example can avoid the perforation of the pipe made with corresponding aluminium alloy thus.Use as aluminum solder, be weight percentage 6% to 13% above-mentioned aluminium alloy of Si content also can contain the Zn that other element for example contains weight percent 0.5%～2% except that Si.
If aluminium strip is rolled to 0.1 to 2 millimeter final thickness when cold rolling, then can make the heat exchanger that reduces wall thickness, although this heat exchanger has reduced wall thickness, can satisfy in the future higher operating requirement.
In addition, according to a third aspect of the invention we, above-mentioned purpose is to realize like this that by aluminium strip or aluminium sheet that a kind of usefulness aluminium alloy of the present invention is made promptly this aluminium strip or aluminium sheet are made by the inventive method.
This aluminium strip or aluminium sheet preferably are used to make pipe racks, tube sheet band, side plate band or the strip of heat exchanger.The corresponding component that can make heat exchanger with pipe racks of the present invention, tube sheet band, side plate band or strip i.e. pipe, tube sheet, side plate or plate, though they have only very little wall thickness, but can satisfy all requirements of the preceding deformability of other requirement, particularly soldering and the requirement of the yield strength under room temperature and the working temperature situation.
A kind of favourable embodiment of aluminium strip according to the present invention, the weight of heat exchanger can reduce like this: pipe racks has 0.15 to 0.6 millimeter, best 0.15 to 0.4 millimeter final thickness; The tube sheet band has 0.8 to 2.5 millimeter, best 0.8 to 1.5 millimeter final thickness; The side plate band has 0.8 to 1.8 millimeter, best 0.8 to 1.2 millimeter final thickness; Or strip has 0.3 to 1.0 millimeter, best 0.3 to 0.5 millimeter final thickness.
The present invention proposes the aluminium alloy that multiple scheme realizes being used for heat exchanger, be used for the manufacture method and this aluminium strip of the aluminium strip of heat exchanger.To this, can consult the independent claim 1,4 and 12 in claims on the one hand, the explanation that can consult the embodiment that illustrates in conjunction with the accompanying drawings on the other hand.
Description of drawings
The synoptic diagram of Fig. 1 aluminium strip manufacture method first embodiment of the present invention;
The skeleton view of a kind of heat exchanger that Fig. 2 automobile is used.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates first embodiment that is used for a kind of the inventive method of the band of heat exchanger or aluminium sheet by the second aspect present invention manufacturing.Fig. 1 is at strand shown in the first step 1.Behind liquid metal alloy, for example a kind of aluminum solder of alloy of core aluminum alloy and coating usefulness is poured into base.Coat base and generally be preheated, hot rolling is cut into thin slab to the thickness that requires and by length.But the also available method for distinguishing of thin slab for example forms by the splitting rolling base.The core base made from aluminium alloy of the present invention can carry out homo genizing annelaing selectively according to manufactured milling material before preheating.If but for example pipe racks the inventive method manufacturing that heat exchanger is used then also can be cancelled homogenizing annealing before hot rolling, because pipe racks is until make pipe that heat exchanger uses all without undergoing big distortion.The thin slab that coats usefulness is placed on the one or both sides of core base.Carry out preheating at 400 to 500 ℃ before the plate that an one side of being made by a kind of aluminium alloy of the present invention or the two-sided core base of being furnished with thin slab are formed is stacked in hot rolling, then plate folded 4 in a reversible frame 5 or tandem frame 5a hot rolling to 3 to 10 millimeters hot rolled band thickness.Hot rolling band temperature when hot rolling is 250 to 380 ℃.
This band on a cold roll 6, carry out after the hot rolling cold rolling.According to the present invention, this band is carrying out process annealing under 300 ℃ to 450 ℃ temperature after the hot rolling, to reach deformation performance.This also is suitable for the same cold rolling that carries out process annealing under 300 ℃ to 450 ℃ temperature before reaching final thickness.Cold rolling intact aluminium strip of the present invention or aluminium sheet can performance as requested carry out a next state and are annealed to final state in box-type furnace 7.But state annealing also can be carried out in continuous furnace.
Fig. 2 represents a kind of skeleton view of pipe type heat exchanger 8.Find out that by figure this heat exchanger is made of pipe 9, tube sheet 10, side plate 11 and radiator element 12.Side plate 11 and tube sheet 10 stand gross distortion before soldering, so the aluminium strip of side plate 11 and tube sheet 10 usefulness should correspondingly have good deformation property.The pipe 9 of heat exchanger is made with longitudinal seam welding usually.The pipe racks thickness of processing is preferably 0.15 to 0.4 millimeter between 0.15 millimeter to 0.6 millimeter, wherein, this pipe racks outside or the two-sided scolder that carries out coat, and decide on the structural shape of heat exchanger.Requirement to the pipe racks deformability is seldom in advance, because it only stands simple distortion before soldering.After the soldering, the intensity or the thermotolerance of pipe have decisive meaning because the mobile working medium stands high operating pressure in pipe, and pipe parts be subjected to the effect of high working temperature.The aluminium strip of the present invention of tube sheet 10 usefulness generally has 0.8 as for 2.5 millimeters thickness, best 0.8 to 1.5 millimeter and be preferably in and make in " soft " state and processing.For this reason, aluminium alloy of the present invention is annealed to final state in cold rolling back " soft ".Deformability before the soldering of tube sheet band is had relatively high expectations, because will carry out the high distortion of deformation extent usually, this variation is as the sealing that occurs in water tank, receiving tank, blast main joint or like and fixing.The tube sheet band under normal circumstances coats for single face, but also can two-sidedly coat.For anticorrosion consideration, tube sheet 10 and manage 9 and can have a kind of aluminium alloy that has the protection of being same as to coat is so that reach better erosion resistance.A kind of aluminium alloy of the present invention of side plate 11 usefulness is made, and wall thickness is 0.8 to 1.8 millimeter, and best 0.8 to 1.2 millimeter aluminium strip is preferably in to be made in " soft " state and processing.To the requirement of the deformability of side plate as height to tube sheet 10.This is to unshowned among Fig. 2, and the plate that plate heat exchanger or stacked plate heat exchanger are used is suitable equally.
Except the intensity values that requires aluminium alloy, go back the high erosion resistance of special requirement.Aluminium alloy of the present invention can " form " corrosion protection of negative electrode on the spot in brazing process by reducing iron level and increase copper content.At first copper is diffused into the aluminum solder layer from core material from the zone near coating layer in brazing process, so form a kind of potential gradient of protection to more expensive core material.On the other hand, silicon is diffused into from the high aluminum solder of silicon content in the core material of aluminium strip of the present invention and at this and causes the formation of separating out the edge of AlMnSi phase.But compare with core material, AlMnSi has negative corrosion potential.When corrosive nature was on the brazed tubes made from aluminium strip of the present invention, corrosion at first developed along the length of pipe owing to separating out the edge, and does not permeate core material, so can prevent the perforation of pipe.
At last, make aluminium strip that heat exchanger tube uses and the thermotolerance of having measured it by the inventive method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.The aluminium alloy of the aluminium strip of making has following alloying constituent (weight percent):
Si＝0.6％，
Fe＝0.3％，
Cu＝0.4％，
Mn＝1.3％，
Mg＝0.3％，
Cr＝0.1％，
Zn＝0.01％，
Ti＝0.02％，
The inevitable single maximum percentage by weight 0.1% of associated element, all the other are aluminium for total maximum percentage by weight 0.15%.
Determine thermotolerance by measuring the surrender authority after the lead welding.Yield strength Rp0.2 is 72 MPas when 250 ℃ of test temperatures.Conventional aluminium alloy particularly has obviously low yield strength when 250 ℃ of test temperatures.The surrender authority of the general aluminium alloy that uses of the pipe of heat exchanger is lower than 65 MPas in room temperature.For example conventional alloy A A3003 only has the yield strength Rp0.2 that is lower than 40 MPas after the soldering under 250 ℃ of temperature conditionss.So, can reduce the wall thickness of pipe, tube sheet, side plate and plate of heat exchanger widely with aluminium alloy of the present invention and aluminium strip of the present invention and the serviceability that do not jeopardize heat exchanger by increasing thermotolerance.
Claims (14)
1, the heat-resisting aluminium alloy used of heat exchanger is characterized by, and this aluminium alloy has following alloying constituent content by weight percentage:
0.3％≤Si≤1％，
Fe≤0.5％，
0.3％≤Cu≤0.7％，
1.1％≤Mn≤1.8％，
0.15％≤Mg≤0.6％，
0.01％≤Cr≤0.3％，
Zn≤0.10％，
Ti≤0.3％，
Inevitably associated element is single maximum 0.1%, and sum is maximum 0.15%, and all the other are aluminium.
2, the aluminium alloy of using by the heat exchanger of claim 1 is characterized by, this aluminium alloy have following by weight percentage contain golden component content:
0.15％≤Mg≤0.3％，
Zn≤0.05％，
0.01％≤Ti≤0.3％。
3, by the aluminium alloy of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized by, the alloy of this aluminium alloy becomes Si, Fe, Mn has following content by weight percentage:
0.5％≤Si≤0.8％，
Fe≤0.35％，
1.1％≤Mn≤1.5％。
4, be used for the aluminium strip of the heat exchanger made by each heat-resisting aluminium alloy of claim 1 to 3 or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet, it is characterized by, rolled blank is cast with Continuous casting process, rolled blank before hot rolling 400 to 500 ℃ of preheatings, rolled blank is rolled into hot rolled band, wherein hot rolling band temperature is 250 to 380 ℃, and the hot rolling tape thickness is 3 to 10 millimeters when hot rolling finishes, and the hot rolling band is cold rolled to final thickness.
5, by the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger of claim 4 or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet, it is characterized by, rolled blank is homogenizing annealing before preheating.
6, by the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger of claim 4 or 5 or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet, it is characterized by, the hot rolling band carries out process annealing for 300 to 450 ℃ in temperature.
7, by each the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet in the claim 4 to 6, it is characterized by, this aluminium strip carried out process annealing 300 to 450 ℃ of temperature before reaching final thickness when cold rolling.
8, by each the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet in the claim 4 to 7, it is characterized by, carry out state in cold rolling back at 250 to 400 ℃ and be annealed to final state.
9, by each the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet in the claim 4 to 8, it is characterized by, rolled blank is one side or the another kind of latten base coating of two-sided usefulness before preheating.
10, the aluminium strip used of heat exchanger or aluminium sheet are by the manufacture method of claim 9, it is characterized by, thin slab is made up of a kind of welding flux alloy, then use a kind of aluminum solder as welding flux alloy, be weight percentage 6% to 13% aluminium alloy of particularly a kind of si content, the most handy AlSi7.5 or AlSi10 alloy.
11, by each the aluminium strip that is used for heat exchanger or the manufacture method of aluminium sheet in the claim 4 to 10, it is characterized by, the hot rolling band is cold rolled to 0.1 to 2.0 millimeter final thickness.
12, aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of making by each described method in the claim 4 to 11 by each aluminium alloy in the claim 1 to 3.
13, by the aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of claim 12, it is characterized by, this aluminium strip is to make the pipe racks that heat exchanger is used, pipe tail band, side plate band or strip.
14, press the aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of claim 13, it is characterized by, pipe racks has 0.15 to 0.6 millimeter, best 0.15 to 0.4 millimeter final thickness, the pipe tail band has 0.8 to 2.5 millimeter thickness, best 0.8 to 1.5 millimeter final thickness, or the side plate band has 0.8 to 1.8 millimeter, best 0.8 to 1.2 millimeter thickness, or strip has 0.3 to 1.0 millimeter, best 0.3 to 0.5 millimeter final thickness.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004016482 | 2004-03-31 | ||
| DE102004016482.7 | 2004-03-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1938439A true CN1938439A (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CN100519796C CN100519796C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800105271A Expired - Fee Related CN100519796C (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Heat-resistant aluminium alloy for heat exchangers |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070286763A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1730320B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007530794A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20060134189A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100519796C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE509127T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0509358B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2558108C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2366442T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL1730320T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1730320E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005095660A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200607545B (en) |
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- 2005-03-31 PT PT05716483T patent/PT1730320E/en unknown
- 2005-03-31 ES ES05716483T patent/ES2366442T3/en active Active
- 2005-03-31 PL PL05716483T patent/PL1730320T3/en unknown
- 2005-03-31 CA CA2558108A patent/CA2558108C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-31 BR BRPI0509358-9A patent/BRPI0509358B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-31 CN CNB2005800105271A patent/CN100519796C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-31 AT AT05716483T patent/ATE509127T1/en active
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2007505508A patent/JP2007530794A/en active Pending
- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/EP2005/003398 patent/WO2005095660A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-31 EP EP05716483A patent/EP1730320B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-31 KR KR1020067022897A patent/KR20060134189A/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-03-31 US US10/590,408 patent/US20070286763A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0509358A (en) | 2007-09-11 |
| CN100519796C (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| ATE509127T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
| ZA200607545B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| EP1730320A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
| CA2558108C (en) | 2014-07-08 |
| EP1730320B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
| BRPI0509358B1 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
| CA2558108A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| JP2007530794A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| WO2005095660A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| ES2366442T3 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| PT1730320E (en) | 2011-08-24 |
| US20070286763A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| PL1730320T3 (en) | 2011-10-31 |
| KR20060134189A (en) | 2006-12-27 |
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