CN1934764A - 电气设备的电源系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电动便携式设备,该设备除牙刷之外,该设备包括:提供该设备所执行功能的部件;电源,包括至少一个存储电荷的电容器以便向设备供电;控制取自电源的电功率以便驱动功能提供部件的电子控制电路;以及再充电所述电源的再充电接口,该再充电接口被配置成可电连接至充电设备。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及便携式电气设备的电源系统。本发明还涉及便携式充电设备,特别是用于向一类被设计为包括电荷转移接口和能量存储设备的家电设备快速传送电荷的设备。本发明还涉及便携式电气设备,特别是适合于通过这种便携式充电设备来供电的此类设备。
背景技术
许多家电产品需要低功率来输出其特殊功能,如家用释放设备(household deliver devices)。家用释放设备用于释放一类挥发的活性物质(active),包括其释放空气清新剂和害虫防治产品的用途。这种设备呈现出各种形式,通常可以分为无源和有源系统。后者包括能源以增强活性物质的释放并且使得有效利用低挥发性分子。其它家电产品要求更高的功率输出但只持续较短时间,如便携式真空吸尘器、电动餐刀、电动剃须刀、牙刷、电筒等等。这种设备通常用市电(mains)或电池驱动。
市电供电或插电式电系统满足要求相对高功率使用的连续电源的需要。然而这种设备具有若干使用负面性,例如:它们占用了市电电源插座;它们限制了放置该产品的可能位置;它们减小了发挥最大有效性的可能,即,被隐藏在家具后面,远离床等;它们可能不适于安全供电插座(剃须刀插座)不太常见的英国浴室;并且/或者它们需要电导线,它们拖拉、挡道并且由于磨损和拉扯而可能变得危险。
插电式家用释放设备还存在被隐藏的另外问题,它们很难拿到和调节并且过一段时间才能被发现空置。
作为可供选择的办法并为了提供更多的便携性,开发了多种电池运转的设备。这些利用了一类电池技术并且是一次性的或者可充电的。
许多电池运转的家用释放设备被投放市场(例如,SC Johnson的“Glade Wisp”以及Air Wick的Mobil’Air空气清新器)。
然而使用电池经常被用户视为缺点,因为它需要另一消耗元件,对环境具有负面影响,增加了运行成本,并且很容易被忘记替换或充电而导致设备停止运行。额外的电池具有许多固有的特征:即重量重;增加产品体积;低功率密度。
可再充电电池解决了以上一些问题,虽然它仍存在那些固有缺点,例如较高的重量;低功率密度(虽然NiCd电池在某些程度上解决了功率密度的问题);环境不友好性;即使对于“快速充电”系统也相对较慢的再充电速率;和/或再充电记忆性,如果再充电条件未被遵守,则限制了充电量,并在再充电电池不是用户可更换时,导致产品使用寿命缩短。
另外,对于空气清新和害虫防治设备,使用再充电技术的电池系统一直就不被接受,因为电池的再充电时间可能很显著。空气清新和害虫防治通常被视为即时反应活动,而不是可以有几个小时来计划的,因此对于这类产品,电源必须能够立即响应需要,例如用于空气清新器或害虫防治,而不能在再充电周期内不起作用。
许多便携式家用和保健电气设备为电池运转的,并且要求短时间的高功率,例如家电设备,如:小型真空吸尘器,DIY电动工具,特别是包括油漆和粘合剂涂抹器和清除器,餐刀,个人修饰产品,包括电动剃须刀、理发推子和修甲产品,电筒;以及保健电气设备,如:医用设备注射器,驱动式血糖仪,吸入器,以及来自毒品顺从性援助(drug compliance aid)的无线通信系统和监视器等。
已知的手持电动剃须刀是市电或电池供电的,许多更贵的剃须刀用可再充电电池供电,并典型地声称具有三分钟快速充电的特点。然而,需要使用电池增加了手持剃须刀的体积、尺寸和重量。三分钟快速充电与这里说明的优选实施例相比仍相对较慢。某些已知的电动剃须刀带有能方便地存储于基本单元上的附件。
其它便携式家用和保健电气设备需要低功率来输出其特定功能,如家用释放设备、非驱动式血糖仪等。短时间内输出高功率的设备对其能源要求更高。用于这种便携式设备的电池通常被设计为提供峰值功率、实现最小电压降并延长电池寿命。
一些电动设备的运转逐渐消耗提供给该设备的消耗品。该消耗品需要在每次使用后被单独替换,或者更方便地在单个包装中提供若干消耗品。该单个包装可以被装入该设备以便在单次再充电操作中提供若干次未来使用周期,或者可替换地,单个消耗品可被拆包并被单独装入该设备。当该电动设备是电池运转时,当放电低于临界水平时,用户需要记得更换电池以及消耗品。电池和消耗品的生命周期通常不同,因此用户需要记得在不同的时候替换它们。有时因为电池可能被部分充电而使该设备不能正常工作,或者用户在更换消耗品时在电池有用寿命到达之前就将电池处理掉而造成浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种充电设备,能够向一类电气设备,尤其是家用和保健电气设备快速输出电荷。
本发明的目标也是提供一种家用和保健电气设备,其具有能够被快速充电的电源。
本发明进一步的目标是提供一种电气设备,尤其是家用和保健电气设备,其具有与已知设备相比能提供改进性能的电源。
本发明的目标也是为电动设备提供更有效的电池和消耗品供应。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种电动便携式设备,该设备除牙刷之外,该设备包括提供该设备所执行功能的装置,包括有至少一个存储电荷的电容器以给该设备供电的电源,控制取自驱动功能提供装置的电源的电力的电子控制电路,以及再充电电源的再充电接口,该再充电接口被配置为电连接至充电设备。
该电动便携式设备可以包括家用释放设备,诸如空气清新器或害虫防治设备,真空吸尘器,诸如电动餐刀的厨房电器,诸如电动剃须刀、理发推子或修甲产品的个人修饰产品,电筒,诸如油漆和/或粘合剂涂抹器和清除器的电动工具,以及保健电气设备,诸如医用设备注射器、驱动式血糖仪、吸入器以及来自毒品顺从性援助的无线通信设备和/或监视器等。
这种设备并不限于以上指出的那些,它们纯粹用作举例说明,也可以采取多种形式,如手持式便携加电清洁产品、厨房用具、个人修饰产品等,其特征为:用于相对较短时间的中等功率便携式设备,即如电动剃须刀、电筒、搅拌器、理发推子、双向寻呼机、GSM协议移动电话、手持式GPS系统、电动工具和小型真空吸尘器等,或者是可以连续地、脉冲式地或间歇地使用的低功率便携式设备,以及不得不等待较长时间来再充电的很不方便的如家用释放设备等。
在本发明的第一方面中,所述至少一个电容器最好包括至少一个超级电容器。术语“超级电容器”对本领域技术人员是公知的。在该说明中,术语“超级电容器”指具有至少5法拉(Farad)电容的电容器,最典型地从5至50法拉,并且最好静电地存储电荷。
最好,该电容器或每个电容器具有5至50法拉的电容,更好的是从10至50法拉。最好,该至少一个电容器具有从1V至3.6V的工作输出电压。
在优选实施例中提供了一种便携式设备,尤其是释放挥发性活性物质的释放设备,如空气清新器和害虫防治产品,其使用至少一个快速充电超级电容器作为电源。
超级电容器固有地具有若干属性使其适于向这种便携式设备提供电力,例如:非常快速的充电(<15秒,理想地2-15秒并且更理想地2-5秒);能够循环数千次而没有损害作用或寿命减少(没有化学反应);重量轻;高功率密度;对于高功率的极低内阻抗,低损失充电和放电;紧凑的能源(例如对释放设备典型AA电池一半的尺寸可以使用2至4小时);形状和尺寸可以很容易地以相对低的销售体积被定制;并且环境友好,允许设备制造商更好地符合特别关于电池和电池供电产品的欧洲再生和运输立法。
电容器以分离的电荷的形式来存储能量。存储电荷的面积越大,并且分离的电荷越接近,电容越大。超级电容器的区域为多孔碳基电极材料,比具有平或网纹膜和板的传统电容器具有大得多的面积。
超级电容器的电荷分离距离由电解液中的离子尺寸来确定,它比传统介电材料小得多。
很大的表面面积和极小的电荷分离的结合使得超级电容器与传统电容器相比具有突出的电容。
超级电容器通过极化电解液来静电地存储能量。在其能量存储机制中不涉及化学反应。该机制因而是有效的和高度可逆的。电池将比相同尺寸的超级电容器存储多得多的能量,但在功率决定能量存储设备的尺寸的应用中,超级电容器可能是更好的解决方案。超级电容器能够输出频繁的能量脉冲而没有任何损害作用(小型电容器可以输出超过10安培)。许多电池如果受到频繁的高功率脉冲将减少寿命。超级电容器可被极快地充电。许多电池在被极快地充电时会被损害。超级电容器能够循环使用几十万次。电池根据其化学性质通常只能够循环使用几百到几千次。
许多应用都可以受益于超级电容器的使用,从要求短功率脉冲的应用到要求关键存储系统的低功率支持的应用。
超级电容器可以单独使用,或者与其它能源结合使用。
超级电容器具有独特的用户优点并且在新产品设计中提供了更多的灵活性。优点包括:非常高的效率;长的循环和应用寿命;快速充电/放电;高功率容量(长达10秒的高电流);寿命比其它能源如电池延长;耐用和灵活的设计(适用于恶劣环境);宽温度范围(-35至+65℃);较少的维护;简单的集成;成本效率高,并且可以大量生产。
通过提供与具有比电容器高得多的内阻抗的电池并联的电容器的电容和低等效电阻,超级电容器可以被设计用来支持电池并输出所需的短时间的峰值功率。超级电容器尤其善于提供峰值功率。与电池并联的电容器可以显著减小峰值功率下的电压降并延长电池寿命。
超级电容器的尺寸将根据设备的需要,并且能理想地在设备期望的需要周期驱动设备。
本发明在医疗设备的使用中具有独特的应用,尤其是要求输出短持续时间的高电功率的医疗设备,例如驱动马达、螺线管或致动器。典型地,这种设备被要求在短期内间歇地提供如此高的电功率,并且可能包括,例如,血糖仪、注射器或刺突、吸入器、泵、顺从性援助和监视器(可以经由无线通信提供输出),低功率外科设备,对我们例如,眼科的、整形外科的、皮肤去疤痕手术的、手足病和牙科应用,以及创伤敷裹,例如提供额外的监控或智能输出功能。该医疗设备可以被设计用来提供来自单次充电的单个操作周期,或该设备功能所期望的多个操作周期。该医疗设备也可以并入与充电动作相连的编码触发器或突发无线通信系统。
最好该医疗设备包括电源,该电源包含电压源的组合,诸如至少一个电池,其可以是一次性的或可充电的,以及至少一个电容器,所述电压源和至少一个电容器被安排成使得所述电压源在所述至少一个电容器没有被完全充满的任何时候,充分不断地逐渐对所述至少一个电容器进行充电。这提供了可以使用电容器而非电压源来间歇地提供所需的短持续时间的高功率,但充分地不断地被所述电压源再充电。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种电动便携式充电设备,适用于临时存储电荷以便输出至电连接到所述充电设备的电气设备,该充电设备包括:用于临时存储电荷的至少一个存储元件;用于从充电设备电连接的单独充电基本单元接收将由至少一个存储元件存储的电荷的输入;以及用于向电气设备输出存储的电荷的输出,该输出包括有选择地电连接至将由所述充电设备充电的电气设备的电连接器。
优选的实施例提供了一种便携式充电棒(wand),该便携式充电棒可以与一个或多个便携式电动家用或医疗设备电匹配,具有被开发用来以用户友好的方式提供极快再充电速度的电子设备和电路。这种电动设备理想地适于使用快速充电超级电容器作为内部电源。
所述棒可以包括:可再充电电池,通过坞站(docking station)加上合适的控制电路而被点滴式充电,可以反过来向该设备或多个设备内的超级电容器提供高电流,并因而通过简单的电匹配操作来提供快速充电;和/或具有高额定功率的主超级电容器,从坞站加上合适的控制电路充电,可以反过来向该设备或多个设备内的超级电容器提供高电流,并因而通过简单的电匹配操作来提供快速充电。
该充电棒可以包含电池,或高电容的电容器(通常被称为超级电容器),或电池、超级电容器以及保护与调压控制电子设备的组合。
附图说明
现在将仅通过示例并参考附图来说明本发明的实施例,其中:
图1为根据本发明的第一实施例,用于便携式电子设备的充电系统的示意性框图,该系统包括便携式充电棒和可由该便携式充电棒充电的便携式设备;
图2为根据本发明的第二实施例,释放设备形式的便携式电子设备的充电系统的示意性框图,该系统包括便携式充电棒和释放设备,该释放设备可由便携式充电棒或基本单元充电;
图3为根据本发明第三实施例的用于便携式电子设备的充电系统的示意性框图;
图4为根据本发明第四实施例的用于多个便携式电子设备的充电系统的示意图;
图5为根据本发明的第五实施例,稳压器系统和电容器结合以便提供用于便携式电子设备的电源的示意图;
图6为显示图5的电源的输出电压和时间之间的关系的图;
图7为图5的电源的框图,说明了稳压器如何与超级电容器装在一起;
图8为电动剃须刀和具有根据本发明第六实施例的电源的基本单元的示意图;
图9为根据本发明第七实施例的用于便携式电子设备的电源的示意图;
图10为根据本发明的第八实施例,包含消耗品和用于便携式电子设备的至少一个电池的封装的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,在本发明优选的第一实施例中,快速充电系统主要被标识为2,其包括:加电设备4,具有控制设备4的功能的控制电路6。该加电设备4可以是释放设备,以及控制电路6可以用来控制喷射脉冲的持续时间和/或喷射之间的时间,以便增加或减小液体分发速度和充电之间的周期。超级电容器8被连接至控制电路6以构成电源,使用一个或多个能够快速再充电的超级电容器并向加电设备4供电,控制电路6还用于调节当超级电容器8放电时来自超级电容器8的恒定功率。设备4具有用户接口10和发挥设备功能的元件12,例如喷射机构。设备4也可以被提供再充电指示器(未示出);和/或开关控制(未示出),或可替换地,该设备可不具有开关或再充电指示器。
在该实施例中,设备4调节当超级电容器8具有充足电荷时的输出,并且当电荷不足以供电设备时、当活性物质用完或当控制终止喷射时,停止喷射。
该设备具有连接器14,用作超级电容器8的充电点,以便与便携式充电棒16进行电接触。优选地,该再充电接口的总阻抗不超过0.3欧姆。该便携式充电棒16包含电源18,其包括能被携带以便快速再充电家里的多个便携式设备的电池或另一个超级电容器。当电源18包括另一个超级电容器时,该另一个超级电容器最好具有比设备4中的超级电容器更高的电容,以便被再充电棒16充电。再充电棒16包含电路20以便快速充电一个或多个适于家用输出的设备4。设备4和再充电棒16每个具有满足产品的美学和功能要求的主体。设备4具有坞站,并入用于再充电棒16的连接器14,根据再充电棒16的需要来点滴式充电或快速充电。棒16的电源18反过来可以通过与基本单元21有选择地对接而被充电,基本单元21可以是市电或电池加电的,后者使用干电池或可再充电电池,和/或也可以具有超级电容器以存储输出到棒16的电荷。对于棒16,最好至少一个输入和输出电连接器包括低阻抗触头,其阻抗不超过0.2欧姆,并且棒16的总阻抗不超过0.3欧姆。
一旦被充电,电源将根据释放活性物质所需的平均功率,在期望的时间周期驱动释放设备,所需的平均功率是需要释放的活性物质的量、其相关的挥发性以及使用的释放方法的函数。这将采取脉冲风扇系统的形式或更理想的低功率压电喷嘴技术。为了延长充电之间的时间周期,即达到10天,可以引入具有开关脉冲模式的控制电路,脉冲的频率和持续时间被设计以满足产品的特定需要。
参照图2,在本发明优选的第二实施例中,释放设备22包括:容纳待发散的活性物质的储蓄器24;从储蓄器传输活性物质到释放表面(未显示)的导管26;加电释放部件30,最好是压电喷嘴(其它实施例可能使用各种其它的释放机构,例如加热器、风扇、机械启动的烟雾剂喷射等);控制电路32,控制喷射脉冲的持续时间和/或喷射之间的时间,以便增加或减小液体分发速度和充电之间的时间(理想的喷射之间的时间从30秒到30分钟,分发量为每脉冲0.01mg-0.5mg);以及电源34,使用一个或多个能够快速再充电的超级电容器。控制电路32用来调节在放电过程中来自一个或多个超级电容器34的恒定功率。用户接口35连接至控制电路32。可以提供再充电指示器和/或开关控制,或可替换地,该设备22可以不具有开关或再充电指示器,在该实施例中,当超级电容器34具有充足电荷时设备22起动,并且当电荷不足以供电设备时或活性物质用完时停止喷射。提供的连接器36连接至超级电容器34,用作有选择地与便携式充电棒38、或包含无线再充电站的基本充电单元40、或市电插座的坞站电接触的充电点。该便携式充电棒38可以包含再充电电池或另一个最好更大的超级电容器,能被携带以便快速再充电家里的多个便携式释放设备。在其它实施例中,该便携式充电棒可以被更持久的对接基本充电单元40取代,它可以是市电或电池驱动的。再充电棒38或基本充电单元40包含用于快速充电适于家用释放的设备22的电路。设备22具有满足设备的美学和功能要求的主体,并且再充电棒38和/或对接基本充电单元40具有满足美学和功能要求的主体。
本发明的电动便携式充电设备的进一步的实施例与本发明的进一步的电动便携式设备的结合见图3。
图3显示了可被便携式充电设备充电的便携式设备的示意图,便携式充电设备包含充电棒和/或包含基本充电单元的基本能源,便携式设备使用了超级电容器。通过示例,该便携式设备可以是家用释放设备;电动剃须刀;或医疗注射设备。这种设备不限于以上提到的那些,它们只纯粹用作解释,还可以采取各种形式,手持式加电清洁产品,厨房用具,个人修饰以及医疗保健产品等,其特点在于:用于相对短时间的中等功率便携式设备,例如可以包括电动剃须刀、电筒、搅拌器、理发推子、糖尿病控制设备等,或者是更低供电的便携式设备,可以连续、脉冲式或者间歇地使用,并且必须等待较长时间来充电而带来显著的麻烦,例如可以是家用释放设备等。
该主要被标识为50的便携式设备包括电源模块52,与应用模块54集成在公用机壳56内。该应用模块54包含向设备提供所需功能所需的所有元件,例如马达、传感器、开关、显示器等。一些元件需要被连续供电,如方框58所表示的,需要相对低的电功率,例如加电显示器或时钟,而其它元件需要间歇的峰值功率,如方框60所表示的,需要相对高的短时电功率,例如驱动脉冲式马达。在该实施例中,提供了主能源62,其典型地包含至少一个电池,并且被配置为向方框58中有连续功率要求的元件提供连续的低电功率,用箭头70表示。还提供了第二能源64,其包含至少一个存储电容器66,典型地为超级电容器,并且被配置为向方框60中具有间歇峰值功率要求的元件提供峰值高电功率,用箭头72表示。该第二能源64还包括功率控制68。功率控制68调节由箭头74表示的从主能源62到至少一个存储电容器66的输入点滴式充电,并且还调节由箭头72表示的从第二能源64到应用模块54的输出功率输出。功率控制68还调节由箭头76表示的从应用模块54到至少一个存储电容器66的任何输入能量捕获。
可选地,如图3中所示,该第二能源64可以另外被便携式充电棒78和/或基本充电单元80相对较快地充电(与来自主能源62的点滴式充电相比)。至于前面的实施例,便携式充电棒78可以与一个或多个便携式供电家用或医疗设备电匹配,它们具有被开发用来以用户友好的方式来提供很快再充电的电子线路和电路。棒78可以包含至少一个超级电容器以存储待输出至设备52中的超级电容器66的电荷。棒78可以有选择地或额外地包括:可更换式主电池、可更换式再充电电池、或不可更换的再充电电池,其自身可以适合于通过对接基本充电单元80被点滴式充电。棒78可以具有控制电路,向该或每个设备52内的超级电容器66提供高充电电流,并因此通过简单的电匹配操作,由棒78提供超级电容器66的快速充电。这种电动设备52理想地适于使用快速充电超级电容器66作为内部电源。同样地,对接基本充电单元80可以包含一个或多个具有高额定功率的主超级电容器,从对接基本充电单元80内的电源充电,以及控制电路,向设备52内的超级电容器66提供高电流,并因此通过简单的电匹配操作来提供快速充电。
例如当设备52是家用释放设备时,第二能源64的超级电容器66的电容以及因而其物理尺寸将取决于设备需求,并且将理想地在用于包含在设备52中的活性物质的放电周期的期望放电期内驱动设备52,或者直到用户可接受的设备52的再充电之间的时间周期已经过去。该周期将取决于释放活性物质所需的平均功率,它是需要被释放的活性物质的量、其相关挥发性以及使用的释放方法的函数。应用模块54的释放机构可以采用脉冲式风扇系统、压电喷嘴技术或气溶胶喷射技术的形式。可以通过合适选择释放周期来增加充电之间的周期。
接下来是示例计算,基于当前可用的空气清新器设备。对于要求每小时6.8mW平均功率的空气清新器,对于具有80法拉电容的超级电容器,在整个三天内将提供每天三小时的运行时间。对于要求每小时4.6mW平均功率的空气清新器,对于具有60法拉电容的超级电容器,在整个三天内将提供每天三小时的运行时间,并且设备的超级电容器将需要在三天后再充电。对于要求每小时4.6mW平均功率的空气清新器,对于具有80法拉电容的超级电容器,在整个九天内将提供每天一小时的运行时间,例如每天12小时内,每6分钟提供30秒的释放周期,并且设备的超级电容器将需要在九天后再充电。
在家用释放设备的具体优选实施例中,多个释放设备90、92、94、96(例如空气清新器)顺序从棒98充电,如图4所示。至于前面的实施例,棒98包含至少一个超级电容器103和/或一个或多个高额定电流的电池104。超级电容器103将峰值功率依次传送给每个释放设备90、92、94、96。棒98依次与每个释放设备90、92、94、96连接,并直接从棒98中的电池104或更大电容器103,快速传送电荷(理想地在2-15秒时间内)到每个释放设备90、92、94、96中的更小电容器100。当存在时,棒电容器103可以在向每个释放设备90、92、94、96传送电荷之间,从棒电池104再充电。棒电容器103/电池104从可能包含更大电池的基本充电器单元106或最好是市电插入式充电单元再充电。
在该实施例中,典型的释放设备基于3天内每天3小时的运行而需要200J。因此,整个需要从对四个释放设备90、92、94、96进行充电的棒98传送800J的总能量。允许在释放设备90、92、94、96的每次充电之间的60秒,棒电容器102从棒电池104再充电,需要3.3W的功率传送,或者约0.9A来自三个1.2V的AAA尺寸可再充电的NiCd或NiMH电池。在棒电池需要再充电之前,三个AAA NiMH750mAh电池具有足够的能量来充电约四十个释放设备。棒需要至少一个60F电容器,假定三个1.2V电池正好在充电传送之前将电容器充电至3.6V。每个释放设备从棒获取能量直到棒和设备处于相同电压,典型地为2.5V。棒内的控制电子电路保证超级电容器在放电之前不被充电超过60秒而至3.6V。如果被遗忘而电压在延长的时间周期被加压超过了厂商的最大电压规格,典型地为2.5V,超级电容器会被损害。
在家用释放设备的另一个实施例中,当每个设备释放活性物质时,从电容器取出能量,其电压衰减,每个释放设备中的控制电子电路被设计成提升衰减电压并且调节至负载的电压。调节后的电压取决于负荷(例如风扇、压电喷嘴等)。压电喷射技术可能需要显著高于风扇马达(2.4V)的电压(15V)。
图5显示了本发明中使用的稳压器的示例的示意图表示。
在端子110和112之间提供输入直流(DC)电压源,该电压源包含超级电容器113。电感器114与一个端子110串联,以及控制集成电路或微处理器116控制高频(典型地100kHz)开关117,控制集成电路或微处理器116与DC电压源并联,串联的二极管118和电容器120与控制集成电路或微处理器116所控制的开关117并联,并且电容器120两端具有两个输出端子122和124。这种稳压电路的整体结构除了将超级电容器作为电压源外,本身是已知的。
输出电压可以被预置为单个值,或者可以提供多个输出电压。
根据本发明,在端子110和112之间提供的输入直流(DC)电压源来自设备中的超级电容器113,其向设备提供电功率,例如前面实施例中的超级电容器100。稳压器调节输出电压,以便即使输入电压变化也提供恒定的输出电压。例如,当被充分充电时超级电容器可以具有2.5伏的标称输出电压。当设备被使用时,超级电容器中的存储电荷逐渐减少,并且超级电容器的电压相应地逐渐减小。例如,电压可能随着使用从2.5伏减小至0.8伏。这如图6中所示。如果超级电容器的输出构成稳压器的输入,则来自超级电容器的输入电压在0.8至2.5伏之间变化。然而,调节后的输出电压可以维持在2.5伏。功率输出将典型地为大约10mW。因此,稳压器起着为本发明的设备例如释放设备或个人修饰设备中使用的超级电容器电源,延长每次充电的有用寿命的作用。
超级电容器和稳压器可以如图7所示构成。超级电容器113和稳压器122被集成以形成单个封装元件,典型地为圆柱状或柱状,具有跨接超级电容器113的快速充电输入端子124、126,以及跨接超级电容器113和稳压器122的组合电路的稳压输出端子128、130。这提供了快速充电和稳压输出的组合,因此提供了恒定的输出功率。该单个稳压电容器电源的封装元件可以独立制造和销售以合并到电动设备中。它可以保持通用于电池的外形和尺寸,从而使其容易被并入电动设备中。
根据本发明的另一实施例,如图8中所示,电动剃须刀系统131包含剃须刀132和基本单元134。至少一个超级电容器136存储剃须刀132中的能量,并且剃须刀中没有电池。基本单元134包含至少一个超级电容器142和电池143的组合,和/或被市电(未显示)加电,并且具有控制电子电路144来控制电压输出。剃须刀132通过非常低的阻抗触头与基本单元134连接。当它们之间的电接触被建立时,基本单元134快速传送能量至剃须刀132。控制电子电路138包括稳压器,在剃须刀132中提升并且稳压至剃须刀马达140的电压以实现恒定功率和足够的刀片速度,以防止毛发绞结。
在一个具体示例中,基于剃须刀马达140的2W马达功率和再充电之前使用三分钟的要求,剃须刀超级电容器136被指定具有至少60F的电容。剃须刀超级电容器136首先从基本单元中的控制电子电路144被充电至3.6V。剃须刀超级电容器136向负载输出360J,其电压从3.6V衰减至假定0.8V的切断电压。基本单元包含四个1.2V的NiCd或NiMH电池,或者具有插入式市电适配器以隔离并转换AC市电电压至4.8V DC。基本单元134还包含两个超级电容器,每个指定为140F并且串联连接以在4.8V提供70F。能量从基本超级电容器传送至剃须刀超级电容器。在该示例中,在10秒钟内传送360J。当剃须刀超级电容器和基本超级电容器的电压相等时,充电完成。
在另一实施例中,并且因为基本单元中的更大电容器目前相当贵,基本单元中的三个可再充电电池可以直接将剃须刀电容器充电至3.6V,但会更慢,例如在30秒内。
在任一实施例中,剃须刀内的控制电子电路保证了超级电容器不被遗忘而在放电之前被充电超过60秒至3.6V。这是因为如果在显著长的时间周期内施加的电压高于厂商的最大电压规格,典型地为2.5V,则超级电容器会被损坏。
根据本发明的电动设备的再一个实施例包含医疗设备。市场上有许多机械的和电池供电的医疗设备,这些包括:诸如注射器、吸入器等的释放设备;取样和测量设备,例如血糖检测仪;以及设备顺从性监视和通讯设备。医疗注射器为机械驱动如用弹簧,或为电动如用直接螺线管致动器或提供马达再充电弹簧。电池增加了理想地为分离设备的体积(尺寸和重量)。存在小型化和便携(更小/更高效率的设备)的需求。这种注射器要求很短时间内的高峰值功率(如0.1-10秒)。
在该实施例中,医疗设备,例如注射器包含如图9中所示的电源150。至少一个超级电容器152与至少一个小尺寸电池154(如一次性硬币电池或AAA尺寸并且可以是低成本碱性电池)结合起来使用。多个电池154被串联。该至少一个超级电容器152(如果多于一个则串联)跨接至少一个电池154以便逐渐被其点滴式充电。稳压器156如前所述跨接该至少一个超级电容器152。稳压器156按要求向注射器的负载提供稳压。
该电源布置与已知设备中单独使用电池相比,显著提高了低成本电池(如碱性电池)的电池循环寿命,以可比较的成本提升为高功率电池。超级电容器的使用允许使用更小尺寸的电池,形成电池所需尺寸的目的是存储能量而不是满足功率需求,因为该电池不需要被确定尺寸以满足峰值功率。这导致了能量更高效率的使用。超级电容器的使用使得医疗设备更小、更轻并因而真正轻便。电池可被替换为盒/替换物以实现非常紧凑的产品设计。超级电容器与低成本碱性电池相结合显著地增加了循环寿命,以可比成本提升为新的高功率电池。
相似的电源可被用于非医疗设备,例如短突发通信周期的释放设备。
在特定示例中,要求每次使用0.25秒的5W间歇峰值功率,假定每天使用三次,使用之间再充电四个小时的医用注射器将需要5F的电容器。该注射器也将具有小电池,如1.2V的NiMH电池,将连续地点滴式充电电容器。5F超级电容器的尺寸约直径8mm×长度30mm,显著地小于两个AA或两个AAA电池,同时大于匹配功率输出。超级电容器提供了明显的机会使得医疗设备更小、更轻并且因此真正轻便。以前电池所需的空间现在可以用于容纳盒/替换物,带有/不带有整体扣式电池,从而实现非常紧凑的产品设计。在该示例的以上图中假定了中等范围的自动注射器功率要求。可以通过增加电容器的值来输出更高功率。然而,在不增加电池尺寸时,更高标称电容器将需要更长时间来完全充电。可以通过引入更高电压的电池来实现更快的充电。
在另一个医疗取样和释放设备的示例中,与以上说明的自动注射器有相似的能量要求,虽然功率输出将经过稍微延长的时间,典型地从0.5-5秒。典型设备将每天使用三次,4小时再充电,将要求5F的电容器。该电容器将从小电池如两个1.2V的NiMH电池被点滴式充电。
在另一个医疗设备的示例中,它是以上取样和释放设备的修改,如图10中所示,可替换封装160组合包含电池组162和消耗组164,电池组包含一个或多个一次性电池。电池组162和消耗组164可被集成到一个共用封装元件166中,该封装元件例如模制塑料模块,可以作为单个单元插入医疗设备中,以便一步将新的消耗品168和新的电池组162插入设备中。消耗品168可以布置在四周,例如圆周地分布,封装元件166的中央部分170布置电池组162。在该装配中,封装元件166可以被配置为能够作为单个再充电元件直接插入设备中,电池组162电连接至设备,以及作为部分装载操作而自动设置好消耗品由设备顺序消耗。或者,电池组162和消耗组164可以被集成到共同的封装中,被配置为可分离,使得消耗品和电池可以单独地插入设备中。对于取样和释放设备,消耗组164包含再充盒,再充盒包括多个测试条或取样点,以及电池组162包含具有满足非峰值功率的能量要求容量的电池,例如纽扣电池。使用缩小尺寸的电池,与已知设备相比,提供了比现有设计减少重量和尺寸的优点。使用与消耗品集成的电池保证了总有足够的能量完全满足盒的需求。至于之前的实施例,设备中的超级电容器保证了峰值功率要求以及循环频率被满足。设备中的超级电容器保证了所存储能量更完全的使用,因为超级电容器而不是电池针对能量需求进行释放,提供更高效率的功率使用。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,电动便携式设备的可替换电源组合包含电池组、电连接至电池组的至少一个电容器以及电连接至所述至少一个电容器的电源输出端子,电池组包含一个或多个一次性电池。该电池组可以包含纽扣电池。电源可以进一步包含稳压器,用于调节至少一个电容器的输出电压。稳压器可以适合于输出具有与至少一个电容器在充分充电时的电压基本相同的值的电压。电源可以是圆柱状、柱状或定制形状。
Claims (42)
1.一种电动便携式设备,所述设备除牙刷之外,所述设备包括:提供所述设备所执行功能的部件;包括用于存储电荷的至少一个电容器以向所述设备供电的电源;控制取自电源的电功率以便驱动所述功能提供部件的电子控制电路;以及用于再充电所述电源的再充电接口,所述再充电接口被配置成可电连接至充电设备。
2.根据权利要求1的电动便携式设备,其中,所述再充电接口被配置成有选择地电连接至适合于由市电供电的便携式充电设备或充电基本单元。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的电动便携式设备,其中,所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任何一个的电动便携式设备,其中,所述至少一个电容器具有从1V至3.6V的工作输出电压。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任何一个的电动便携式设备,其中,所述电源进一步包含稳压器,用于调节所述至少一个电容器的输出电压。
6.根据权利要求5的电动便携式设备,其中,所述稳压器适合于输出具有与所述至少一个电容器在充分充电时的电压基本相同的值的电压。
7.根据权利要求5或权利要求6的电动便携式设备,其中,所述稳压器和所述至少一个电容器被集成以形成单个封装元件,其具有一对输入端子和一对输出端子。
8.根据权利要求7的电动便携式设备,其中,所述单个封装元件是可拆卸的。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8的电动便携式设备,其中,所述单个封装元件形状为圆柱状、柱状或定制形状。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任何一个的电动便携式设备,其中,所述电源进一步包括与所述至少一个电容器组合的电压源,所述电压源和所述至少一个电容器被配置成使得所述电压源在所述至少一个电容器未被充分充电的任意周期,逐渐充电所述至少一个电容器。
11.根据权利要求10的电动便携式设备,其中,所述电压源包含至少一个电池。
12.根据权利要求11的电动便携式设备,其中,所述至少一个电池向所述设备连续提供低的电功率,以及所述至少一个电容器向所述设备间歇提供高的电功率。
13.根据权利要求11或权利要求12的电动便携式设备,其中,所述至少一个电池向所述功能提供部件的至少一个第一元件连续提供电功率,以及所述至少一个电容器向所述功能提供部件的至少一个第二元件间歇提供高的电功率。
14.根据权利要求11至13中任何一个的电动便携式设备,其中,所述至少一个电池是可拆卸的。
15.根据权利要求14的电动便携式设备,其中,所述至少一个电池与所述设备的至少一个消耗品一起封装在共同封装中。
16.根据权利要求15的电动便携式设备,其中,所述共同封装可拆卸地安装在所述设备中。
17.根据权利要求1至16中任何一个的电动便携式设备,其中,所述再充电接口具有不超过0.3欧姆的总阻抗。
18.一种电动便携式充电设备,适于临时存储电荷以释放给电连接至所述充电设备的电气设备,所述充电设备包含:用于临时存储电荷的至少一个存储元件;输入端,用于从所述充电设备电连接的分离充电基本单元接收将由至少一个存储元件存储的电荷;以及输出端,用于将存储的电荷输出至所述电气设备,所述输出端包含电连接器,用于有选择地电连接至将被所述充电设备充电的电气设备。
19.根据权利要求18的充电设备,其中,所述输入端包含电连接器,用于电连接至所述充电基本单元。
20.根据权利要求19的充电设备,其中,所述输入端和输出端电连接器中的至少一个包含低阻抗触点,具有不超过0.2欧姆的阻抗。
21.根据权利要求18至20中任何一个的充电设备,其中,所述充电设备具有不超过0.3欧姆的总阻抗。
22.根据权利要求18至21中任何一个的充电设备,其中,所述至少一个存储元件包含至少一个电容器,所述电容器或每个电容器具有5至50法拉的电容。
23.根据权利要求22的充电设备,其中,所述至少一个电容器具有从1V至3.6V的工作输出电压。
24.根据权利要求22或权利要求23的充电设备,进一步包含至少一个电池,电连接至所述至少一个电容器,使得所述至少一个电池在所述至少一个电容器未被充分充电的任意周期,逐渐充电所述至少一个电容器。
25.根据权利要求18至24中任何一个的充电设备,其中,所述输入端适合于从基本单元接收点滴式充电或快速充电。
26.根据权利要求18至21中任何一个的充电设备,其中,至少一个存储元件包含一个或多个干电池或可再充电电池。
27.权利要求1至17中任何一个的电动便携式设备和权利要求18至26中任何一个的充电设备的结合。
28.权利要求27的所述结合,其中,所述充电设备的至少一个存储元件包含至少一个电容器,所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容,并且所述充电设备被调适,使得充电所述电动便携式设备中的至少一个电容器的时间从2至15秒。
29.权利要求18至26中任何一个的所述充电设备和具有连接至所述充电设备的输入端的电输出端的充电基本单元的结合,所述充电基本单元适合于由市电供电。
30.权利要求29的所述结合,其中,所述充电设备的至少一个存储元件包含至少一个电容器,所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容,并且所述充电基本单元充电所述充电设备中的至少一个电容器的时间为从2至15秒。
31.根据权利要求1至17中任何一个的电动便携式设备,它是用于释放存储于所述设备中的至少一种挥发性化合物的释放设备。
32.根据权利要求31的释放设备,所述释放设备包含:储蓄器,用于存储所述至少一种挥发性化合物;分发设备,用于从所述分发设备的释放表面分发所述至少一种挥发性化合物;电子控制电路,用于控制所述分发设备;导管,用于将所述至少一种挥发性化合物从所述储蓄器传送至所述释放表面,以及所述电源的至少一个电容器能够容纳足够的电荷,以便在预定周期加电所述分发设备。
33.根据权利要求31或权利要求32的释放设备,其中,所述再充电接口被配置成与其电连接的所述充电设备是根据权利要求18至26中任何一个的便携式充电设备,或具有连接至所述再充电接口的电输出端的充电基本单元,所述充电基本单元适合于由市电供电。
34.根据权利要求31至33中任何一个的释放设备,其中,所述分发设备适合于周期性分发所述至少一种挥发性化合物作为喷雾。
35.根据权利要求34的释放设备,其中,所述电子控制电路适合于控制喷射脉冲的持续时间和/或连续喷射之间的时间。
36.根据权利要求31至35中任何一个的释放设备,其中,所述分发设备适合于周期性地分发所述至少一种挥发性化合物,以及至少一个电容器和电子控制电路适合于提供所述至少一种挥发性化合物的周期性释放,在所述至少一个电容器的给定充电周期内,周期可达60天(在所述权利要求内可延长此周期)。
37.根据权利要求35或权利要求36的释放设备,其中,连续脉冲之间的时间为从30秒到30分,并且每个脉冲所述至少一种挥发性化合物的释放重量为从0.01mg-0.5mg。
38.根据权利要求37的释放设备,其中,每个脉冲所述至少一种挥发性化合物的释放重量为从0.03mg-0.3mg。
39.权利要求18至26中任何一个的所述充电设备和权利要求31至38中任何一个的所述释放设备的结合,所述充电设备的输出端可连接至所述释放设备的再充电接口。
40.权利要求39的所述结合,其中,所述充电设备的至少一个存储元件包含至少一个电容器,所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容,所述释放设备的所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容,并且所述充电基本单元充电所述释放设备中的至少一个电容器的时间为从2至15秒。
41.权利要求31至38中任何一个的所述释放设备和充电基本单元的结合,所述充电基本单元具有连接至所述释放设备的再充电接口的电输出端,所述充电基本单元适合于由市电供电。
42.权利要求41的所述结合,其中,所述释放设备的所述电容器或每个电容器具有从5至50法拉的电容,并且所述充电基本单元充电所述释放设备中的至少一个电容器的时间为从2至15秒。
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- 2004-02-11 GB GBGB0403020.1A patent/GB0403020D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-02-11 CN CNA2005800087146A patent/CN1934764A/zh active Pending
- 2005-02-11 EP EP05708311A patent/EP1714372A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-11 US US10/589,105 patent/US20070279011A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-11 WO PCT/GB2005/000486 patent/WO2005078892A1/en active Application Filing
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CN109849719A (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-06-07 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 集成制冷系统的充电站及其控制方法 |
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US20070279011A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
WO2005078892A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
GB0403020D0 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
EP1714372A1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
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