CN1928625A - Fast forming laser diode energy source and device for same - Google Patents
Fast forming laser diode energy source and device for same Download PDFInfo
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- CN1928625A CN1928625A CN 200610048322 CN200610048322A CN1928625A CN 1928625 A CN1928625 A CN 1928625A CN 200610048322 CN200610048322 CN 200610048322 CN 200610048322 A CN200610048322 A CN 200610048322A CN 1928625 A CN1928625 A CN 1928625A
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Abstract
The related fast-forming laser diode energy source comprises: a source LD, a column mirror group included a fast-axis and slow-axis collimation column mirror with bus-bar vertically, a beam expander to expand the slow-axis parallel beam to let beam diameter at two directions as same cycle, and a frame or shell. Besides, it also contains a direction indicator, a beam-joining device, a coupled expander, a dynamic focus module, and an x-axis/y-axis scanning mirror. This invention has small size and well reliability.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical engineering subject Rapid Prototyping technique field, relate generally to the quickly shaping device laser diode energy source.
Two, technical background
Since first commercialization fast forming machine came out in the world in 1988, Rapid Prototyping technique (RPT) has had very great development, the major equipment and the process that have dropped at present application in the world have following several: selective light solidifies (SLA, also claim the stereosopic printing method), selective laser sintering (SLS), laminated solid body method (LOM also claims the cut paper method) and constituency plastic-blasting method (FDM).Above-mentioned four kinds of quick shaping commonly used (RP) process respectively has advantage and deficiency, is suitable for different processing objects and condition.First three is planted technology and all uses laser as energy source, therefore is also referred to as the laser fast forming technology.
● the LOM method big-and-middle-sized part that can be shaped, indeformable, curring time is short, but dimensional accuracy is lower, and spillage of material is big, and waste material is easy-clear not.LASER Light Source is used CO always
2Gas laser (λ=10.6 μ m) is as the 50W of Synrad company, Coheren company etc. and the CO of 30W
2Laser instrument.
● the SLS method can be made middle-size and small-size part, and moulding material is extensive, the structural member but use SLS method direct sintering metal powder material manufactures a product.Precision is higher, but the SLS method can not the machining large workpiece.
● the SLA method is used photosensitive resin material, can directly make medium and small working of plastics, and surfaceness is good, and the dimensional accuracy height is considered to a kind of most widely used, technology is the most ripe, precision is the highest RPT,
Thereby become the research focus, and but in making the thing phase change is arranged, be out of shape greatlyyer, formation of parts needs support in the liquid.
At present, LASER Light Source also is to use the CO of 50W during SLA method sintering toner
2Gas laser burns SLS method knot metal powder material and generally uses kilo-watt CO
2Gas laser.In a word, the LASER Light Source that existing laser fast forming system uses all is a gas laser, uses CO as making in quick shaping (LOM RP) system at selective laser sintering quick shaping (SLSRP), laminated solid body
2Gas laser, the general He-Cd gas laser that uses in photocuring rapid prototyping (SLA RP) system.These gas laser volumes are big, poor reliability, the life-span is short, spectrum is fixed and not optional.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming and defect of the LASER Light Source existence that has the use of laser fast forming system now, being that light source is also auxiliary with infrared, ultraviolet laser diode is integrated into module with optical element, constitutes the laser diode energy source that laser fast forming equipment uses.Advantages such as the volume that laser diode has is little, good reliability, the life-span is long, spectrum is optional have been made full use of and have brought into play, help widening the suitable material scope, help improving forming accuracy and quality, be easy to realize the laser fast forming device miniaturization, make laser fast forming equipment really become a kind of Table top type 3 D-printing system.
Laser diode is that near infrared LD then can be used for SLS, LOM quickly shaping device; Laser diode is that ultraviolet LD then can be used for the SLA quickly shaping device.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions with regard to above-mentioned purpose:
Fast forming laser diode energy source of the present invention comprises the light source of laser diode LD, is characterized in also having cylindrical mirror group and beam expander; The cylindrical mirror group comprises fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror, and the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is vertical mutually with the bus of slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror; The astigmatic bundle of laser diode light source output becomes oval parallel beam by cylindrical mirror group collimation, in laser diode LD light source slow axis plane, the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a slice parallel plate, light is not played the refraction effect, and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a spherical lens, and beam collimation is become parallel beam; Equally, in the fast axial plane of laser diode LD light source, slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a slice parallel plate, and light is not played the refraction effect, and the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a spherical lens, and light beam also becomes parallel beam behind fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror collimation; The beam diameter of light beam behind the collimation on fast, slow axis both direction is also unequal, by beam expander the slow axis parallel beam is expanded bundle, makes the beam diameter on the both direction equally become round parallel beam.
Described fast forming laser diode energy source also comprises and is used to support, fixed light source laser diode LD, cylindrical mirror group, and beam expander and support that makes it to become one or housing.
Quickly shaping device of the present invention comprises the optical system of being made up of light source, localizer, splicer, coupling beam expander, dynamic focussing module, x axle scanning galvanometer, y axle scanning galvanometer etc., worktable, support and housing; Be characterized in that described light source is a fast forming laser diode energy source.
Described optical system has one to be used to adjust the diameter that laser diode energy source sends light beam, makes its coupling beam expander identical with the diameter of dynamic focussing module hand-hole.
The beam characteristics of the fast forming laser diode energy source main element laser diode LD that invention relates to is analyzed as follows:
The output aperture of laser diode LD is a slit, so its far field beam image is single seam Fraunhofer diffraction pattern picture, is the Fourier transform of the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE on the slit aperture.
In the formula,
The COMPLEX AMPLITUDE of ordering for P on the viewing plane,
Be aperture plane x
1y
1Interior COMPLEX AMPLITUDE, when plane wave vertical irradiation aperture,
For constant A '.
For rectangular aperture diffraction, the light distribution that P is ordered is
In the formula, I
0Be the viewing plane center P
0The light intensity of point, a, b are the length and width in square hole, l, ω are the direction cosine of P point light.
When the length and width in square hole meet b＞＞during a, the square hole becomes single seam.The light distribution of single slit diffraction on the x axle is
The laser diode LD light beam has following characteristics: distribution of amplitudes is a Gaussian function, is quite analogous to the TEM of many gas lasers
00Pattern.Light beam has astigmatism, asymmetric, spatial character, beam cross-section shape such as ellipse such as height is dispersed.The half width of beam spread is approximately 30 ° * 40 °; As shown in Figure 1, disperse little direction and be called slow-axis direction (a figure), disperse big direction and be called quick shaft direction (b figure).
This spatial character of laser diode LD light beam is unfavorable for its application very much, generally all needs to improve.The improvement method comprises collimation and expands bundle, its objective is that the astigmatic bundle that this height is dispersed becomes round parallel beam.
The fast forming laser diode energy source that invention relates to, substantive distinguishing features that it is outstanding and significant technical progress are:
1, compares CO
2, long, reliable operation of He-Cd gas laser life-span, and volume is easy to the implement device miniaturization for a short time, the imagination that makes laser fast forming equipment become a kind of Table top type 3 D-printing system becomes a reality.
2, laser diode LD is worked under low-voltage, helps the safe operation of equipment; Its electro-optical efficiency compares CO
2, the He-Cd gas laser is high a lot, helps energy-conservation.
3, along with the marketization of high power near-infrared laser diode LD and ultraviolet laser diode LD, its price is also more and more cheap.Fast forming laser diode energy source can be directly and the existing laser fast forming system integration, can reduce system cost greatly.
4, because laser diode LD can have the multi-wavelength to select, be suitable for the absorption characteristic of different modified resins (in SLS RP and SLA RP) near infrared, ultraviolet band, therefore, help widening the suitable material scope.
5, the wavelength of near-infrared laser diode LD (0.808 μ m) compares CO
2(10.6 μ m) is little tens times for Wavelength of Laser, and therefore, focused spot diameter can be done very for a short time, helps improving forming accuracy and quality.In addition, for metal powder, short wavelength laser helps improving forming efficiency than the thermal effect height of long wavelength laser.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is slow, the fast axle of laser diode light beam (collimation back) Gaussian beam amplitude (Gauss) distribution plan;
Fig. 2 is fast forming laser diode energy source figure;
Fig. 3 is fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is two beam expander synoptic diagram that identical prism is formed;
Fig. 5 is the optical system diagram of the quick shaping device of laser diode energy source;
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with description of drawings the present invention (utility model) embodiment.
As shown in Figure 2, be fast forming laser diode energy source; Light source is a laser diode LD 101, the astigmatic bundle of laser diode LD light source output becomes parallel beam by cylindrical mirror group 102 collimations, by beam expander 103 the slow axis parallel beam is expanded bundle again, the astigmatic bundle of laser diode light source output is through collimation and the parallel beam that expands the Shu Bianwei circle.
Wherein: described cylindrical mirror group comprises fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror 1021 and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror 1022, the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is vertical mutually with the bus of slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror, in laser diode LD light source slow axis plane, the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a slice parallel plate, light is not played the refraction effect, and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a spherical lens, and beam collimation is become parallel beam; Equally, in the fast axial plane of laser diode LD light source, slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a slice parallel plate, and light is not played the refraction effect, and the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is equivalent to a spherical lens, and light beam also becomes parallel beam behind fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror collimation; The beam diameter of light beam behind the collimation on fast, slow axis both direction is also unequal, need expand bundle to the light beam on the slow-axis direction, makes the beam diameter on the both direction the same.
For this astigmatic bundle multiple alignment method is arranged,, and use the method for cylindrical lens more simple as use complex lens group or monolithic non-spherical lens.With two focal lengths do not wait, the focal plane of the orthogonal plano-convex cylindrical lens of bus is transferred to the light-emitting area of laser diode LD and overlaps, when light beam passes through two cylindrical lenses, only radially reflecting, do not reflect at generatrix direction, thereby realize collimation respectively slow axis and quick shaft direction divergent beams.
As shown in Figure 3, consider that the plane of plano-convex cylindrical lens should make parallel beam export from convex surface in the face of the light-emitting area of laser diode LD during installation from the aberration angle.
The beam diameter of light beam behind the collimation on fast, slow axis both direction is also unequal, need expand bundle to the light beam on the slow-axis direction, makes the beam diameter on the both direction the same.This unidirectional beam expanding technology also has several different methods.As the plano-convex cylindrical lens composition telescopic system that uses two buses to be parallel to each other, only the light beam on the slow-axis direction is expanded bundle.
More simple method is to use the prism group, and as shown in Figure 4, two identical prisms are pressed Brewster angle ∠ B and installed, and this has minimum reflection loss for the laser diode LD light beam that belongs to linearly polarized light.The prism group is that light beam in the slow axis plane expands bundle to paper plane only, is that the beam diameter in the fast axial plane is constant on another direction vertical with paper plane.Change the angle of two prisms, can obtain different expansion beam ratio β=D/d.
Fast forming laser diode energy source of the present invention, also comprise be used to support, fixed light source laser diode LD, cylindrical mirror group, and the support or the housing of beam expander.Use support or housing with fixed light source laser diode LD, cylindrical mirror group, and beam expander etc. components and parts are integrated fits together, be configured for the new energy source parts of quick shaping machining equipment.Perhaps be referred to as new energy source module.The structure of support or housing can be finished (this area those skilled in the art) by the common engineering design, does not provide synoptic diagram here.
As shown in Figure 5, be the optical system of the quickly shaping device that uses fast forming laser diode energy source of the present invention exploitation.(coupling beam expander 7 is used to adjust the diameter that laser diode energy source sends light beam to the optical system of this quickly shaping device except laser diode energy source 1 and coupling beam expander 7, the diameter of light beam and the diameter of dynamic focusing unit hand-hole are coupled), remainder is the prior art of existing quickly shaping device, wherein:
Optical system contains localizer 2, splicer 3, dynamic focussing module 4, x axle scanning galvanometer 51, y axle scanning galvanometer 52; Quickly shaping device also has workplace 6, support and housing or the like in addition.The prior art that quickly shaping device utilized has:
● near infrared that laser diode energy source 1 sends or ultraviolet spectrum are sightless, localizer 2 is set, their optical axis is transferred to coaxial, just the path of near infrared or ultraviolet light is represented in the path of available ruddiness, so that system debug, but and work in-process observe their scanning pattern.
● splicer 3 makes LD light source module and localizer optical axis transfer to coaxial.
● the 4 pairs of parallel beams in dynamic focusing unit focus on, but and the axial focusing error of correcting system, make the laser focal spot that on workplace, obtains consistent size, improve crudy.
● x axle and y axle scanning galvanometer are delivered to any assigned address on the workplace with laser focal spot, the processing plane of workplace representative carrying moulding material.
By the quickly shaping device that laser fast forming laser diode energy source of the present invention consists of, can extensively answer Be used for comprising machinery, petrochemical industry, electronics, computer, biomedical engineering, the worker of auto industry The fields such as skill product and toy manufacturing. Its special application advantage shows in the following areas:
● can process various moulds, comprise the evaporative pattern for hot investment casting;
● the prototype manufacturing in new product development and the design, for estimating and revising, can shorten the construction cycle, Reducing development cost;
● make those and be difficult to the complex parts of machining and the parts of some single-piece production. Such as the automobile worker In the solution car that industry proposes, light casting, comprise turbocharger, exhaust manifold, brake disc With the quality problems of the foundry goods such as bent axle, use RPT to make the solution that mold is very beneficial for these problems Determine;
● the development rate of the products such as electronic product, handicraft, toy for children is fast, and the update cycle is short, The exploitation week of utilizing the integrated technology of RP and RE can accelerate the demanding new product of these esthetics modellings Phase.
● use SLA fast shaping technology and biocompatible material to make man-made organ and artificial skelecton, because These shape of products are especially complicated, and other manufacturing process are difficult to satisfy, and that RPT has is unrivaled Advantage.
Except above advantage, be easy to implement device miniaturization, desktop because its system bulk is little in the present invention Change, therefore, be particularly suitable for the manufacturing of prototype and miniature parts. Add the laser diode light source life-span Long, system works reliable, suitable material wide ranges, formed precision advantages of higher, must have more wide Application prospect.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of fast forming laser diode energy source comprises light source laser diode LD (101), it is characterized in that: also have cylindrical mirror group (102) and beam expander (103); The cylindrical mirror group comprises fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror (1021) and slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror (1022), and the fast axis collimation cylindrical mirror is vertical mutually with the bus of slow axis collimation cylindrical mirror; The astigmatic bundle of laser diode light source output becomes oval parallel beam by cylindrical mirror group collimation, by beam expander the slow axis parallel beam is expanded bundle, makes the beam diameter on the both direction equally become round parallel beam.
2, fast forming laser diode energy source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described beam expander is two identical prisms, presses Brewster angle and installs.
3, fast forming laser diode energy source according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the angle of described two prisms changes, and obtains different expansion beam ratio β=D/d.
4, fast forming laser diode energy source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described beam expander is the telescopic system that the plano-convex cylindrical lens that is parallel to each other of two buses is formed.
5, fast forming laser diode energy source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise be used to support, light source laser diode LD, cylindrical mirror group, and beam expander and support that makes it to become one or housing.
6, a kind of quickly shaping device, comprise the optical system of forming by light source (1), localizer (2), splicer (3), coupling beam expander (7), dynamic focussing module (4), x axle scanning galvanometer (51), y axle scanning galvanometer (52), workplace (6), support and housing; It is characterized in that: described light source is a fast forming laser diode energy source.
7, a kind of quickly shaping device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described optical system has one to be used to adjust the diameter that laser diode energy source sends light beam, makes its coupling beam expander (7) identical with the diameter of dynamic focussing module hand-hole.
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