CN1927383B - 迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公布了一种用于迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其包括能够清除或协助清除自由基、调节内分泌和循环消化系统功能的小分子化合物和矿物质微量元素组分以及其它能对机体不平衡状态进行调节的组分。所述的复方制剂为固体剂型,优选泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂,本发明还公布了该复方制剂的生产方法。动物试验和临床试验显示出本发明有很强的降低氧化应激和预防疾病的功能。
Description
发明背景
氧化应激(Oxidative Stress,OS)是由于某种或多种原因破坏了机体内强氧化剂和抗氧化剂的平衡导致的潜在伤害,而强氧化剂、抗氧化剂平衡的破坏是机体内各种细胞损伤的主要原因。氧化应激被认为是造成糖尿病和糖尿病慢性并发症,肺纤维化、癫痫、高血压、动脉粥样硬化和相应的心血管疾病、癌症、肾病变、和帕金森病等疾病的重要原因(Clinical Chemistry,2000,46,145-146)。氧化应激可能通过直接参与改变基因表达的方式造成主体机制反常而最终造成主体病变,也有可能是通过某些被氧化的物质间接参与改变基因表达的方式。氧化应激升高首先造成机体处于“亚健康”状态,然后才会出现器质性病变。如能迅速降低机体的氧化应激,就能有效地预防各种疾病的发生。
“亚健康”是指人体界于健康与疾病之间的边缘状态,此时无器质性病变,但有功能性改变。如果“亚健康”状态处理得当,则身体可向健康转化;反之,则患病。“亚健康”常被诊断为疲劳综合症、内分泌失调、神经衰弱,更年期综合症等。它在生理上主要表现为疲劳,乏力,免疫力、抵抗力下降,容易感冒,活动时气短、出汗、腰酸腿疼,食欲减退等。而在心理上的具体表现为精神不振、情绪低沉、反应迟钝、失眠多梦、白天困倦、注意力不集中、记忆力减退、烦躁、焦虑、易受惊吓等。与健康人群相比,疾病往往更容易袭击处于“亚健康”状态的人群。脑力劳动的白领们是“亚健康”的高危人群。
造成“亚健康”状态最主要的原因是积劳成疾,包括生理上的疲劳和心理上的疲劳。除了大运动量的生理性疲劳外,脑力疲劳特别容易造成氧化应激升高,机体免疫力下降,这是直接导致人体亚健康状态的一个不可忽视的因素,同样会导致过劳而危及生命。其次,缺乏运动也是一个很重要的诱因。由于没有时间锻炼身体,就会出现心脑血管、胃肠道系统、免疫系统以及颈椎等方面的疾病。再次,工作环境也有很大影响。比如,长时间使用电脑会引起人的视力衰退、关节损伤、辐射伤害、头部和肩膀疼痛,还会出现自律神经失调、忧郁症、动脉硬化性精神病等。最后,环境因素也有很大关系。空气污染、汽车尾气污染等对人体危害不小,同时,食品添加剂、瘦肉精、抗生素等的长期食用也会对身体健康造成影响。
慢慢地降低氧化应激摆脱“亚健康”状态,可以通过慢慢改变生活规律、合理膳食,按时、充足的睡眠,适当的锻炼来达到,同时要学会调节自己的情绪,善待压力、心胸开阔,培养多种兴趣爱好。还有,可能的话,尽量改善环境条件。
但是上述的方法不能达到迅速降低氧化应激的目的,而氧化应激水平处于很高状态时是人体免疫能力很低,极易染病的时间。
发明内容
(一)发明目的
本发明的目的在于提供一种迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,有针对性地快速使用一些可以迅速起作用的有效成分如某些抗氧化剂,利用这些物质的协同作用,极大地帮助“亚健康”状态人群快速摆脱高氧化应激,提高机体免疫力,预防各种疾病。
本发明所说的复方制剂为固体剂型片剂,颗粒剂,药丸,和胶囊,优选泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂。
本发明的目的还在于提供了泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂的制备方法。
(二)复方制剂的有效成份
因为氧化应激升高造成的亚健康状态表现具有多元性,涉及全身多个系统的功能,所以,需要选择能够作用于身体大部分器官,全面提高免疫力的有效成份。人体内用来对抗氧化应激的主要物质既有小分子的化合物如维生素E,维生素C,和硫辛酸等;也有微量元素如锌,钒,和硒等;还包括大分子蛋白质,如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx,glutathione peroxidase),过氧化氢酶(catalase),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD,superoxide dismutase),谷胱苷肽还原酶(GR,glutathione reductase)等。但是对于大分子蛋白质抗氧化剂,如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,过氧化氢酶,超氧化物歧化酶,和谷胱苷肽还原酶等,在现有的药物传送方法中,如欲达到理想效果,需要使用注射法。而这种方法不方便,不舒适,且造成使用成本升高,口服才是理想的用药方法。可以口服的物质有很多,例如一系列抗氧化剂维生素C,维生素E,和硫辛酸,微量元素硒(Se)和锌(Zn),多种氨基酸如赖氨酸等。一些中药中有清热解毒,调节人体代谢功能的成份,其功能就是降低氧化应激,提高免疫力的表现,如金银花和板蓝根等。
本发明的复方制剂能够做到本标兼治,其中的有效成份包括迅速清除各种自由基(水和脂相)的小分子化合物和矿物质元素,还包括逐步调节机体的各种功能,使人体机能正常的有效成份如一些草木药物等。本发明的复方制剂中所有的有效成份通过协同作用而达到预防目的,每个单一成份均无本发明产品的效力。
小分子化合物包括维生素A,维生素B2,维生素C,维生素E,赖氨酸,硫辛酸,谷氨酰胺,辅酶Q10,谷胱苷肽,牛磺酸,叶黄素,叶酸,和西红柿红素等。对于功能类似的有效成份,可以不必全部出现在配方中。比如维生素C,谷胱苷肽,和叶酸等都可以清除水相中的自由基;维生素A,维生素E,辅酶Q10,叶黄素,和西红柿红素等可以清除脂相中的自由基;硫辛酸既可以清除水相中的自由基,还能够清除脂相中的自由基。如果配方中使用了维生素C,可以不必加入谷胱苷肽和叶酸等;同理,如果配方中使用了维生素E,可以不再加入辅酶Q10,叶黄素,和西红柿红素等;而配方中如果已经有了维生素C和维生素E,则不一定要加入硫辛酸。
同样的道理适用于矿物质微量元素,和有清热解毒,调节人体代谢功能的草药成份。本发明中的矿物质微量元素包括所有能够清除自由基,调节内分泌和循环消化系统功能的组分,如锌,硒,锰,镁,和钒、钾等;本发明中的草药成份包括所有有清热解毒,调节人体代谢免疫功能的成份,如金银花(Lonicera),荆芥(Schizonepeta),姜(Ginger),中国牡荆(Chinese vitex),连翘(Forsythia),艾可尼西亚(Echinacea),和板蓝根(Isatis root)等,还包括麦芽糊精(Maltodextrin)。
本发明中的有效成份不限于列出的这些。
在本发明的每个单剂中,对于功能类似的有效成份可以只含有一种,也可含有一种以上,或者同时存在。如果含有某一成份,则其在每个单剂中的成份含量如下所示:
小分子化合物:
维生素A的含量介于1000国际单位(IU)到6000国际单位(IU)之间,常用剂量介于3000国际单位到5000国际单位之间,最合适剂量介于4500国际单位到5000国际单位之间;
维生素B2的含量介于0.1毫克到10毫克之间,常用剂量介于0.5毫克到5毫克之间,最合适剂量介于1.0毫克到3.2毫克之间;
维生素C的含量介于10毫克到2000毫克之间,常用剂量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,最合适剂量介于100毫克到1100毫克之间;
维生素E的含量介于10国际单位(IU)到2000国际单位(IU)之间,常用剂量介于15国际单位到1000国际单位之间,最合适剂量介于20国际单位到100国际单位之间;
叶黄素的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间,常用剂量介于0.2毫克到80毫克之间,最合适剂量介于0.5毫克到30毫克之间;
叶酸也是B族维生素,其含量介于50微克到2000微克之间,常用剂量介于100微克到1000微克之间,最合适剂量介于200微克到900微克之间;
硫辛酸的含量介于1.0毫克到3000毫克之间,常用剂量介于5.0毫克到1200毫克之间,最合适剂量介于40毫克到700毫克之间;或者说,有效硫辛酸的用量应当达到1.0毫克/千克体重到200毫克/千克体重的水平,最好是达到1.2毫克/千克体重到70毫克/千克体重的水平;
西红柿红素的含量介于0.1毫克到300毫克之间,常用剂量介于0.3毫克到200毫克之间,最合适剂量介于0.4毫克到100毫克之间;
辅酶Q10的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间,常用剂量介于5.0毫克到800毫克之间,最合适剂量介于40毫克到400毫克之间。
谷胱甘肽的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间;
牛磺酸的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间;
赖氨酸的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
谷氨酰胺的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
矿物质元素:
锌的含量介于1.0毫克到100毫克之间;
镁的含量介于1.0毫克到300毫克之间;
锰的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间;
钾的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
硒的含量介于1.0微克到300微克之间,常用剂量介于5微克到280微克之间,最合适剂量介于10微克到100微克之间;
草药成份:
艾可尼西亚原草或提取物浓缩液,用量为转化成酚醛树脂介于1-10毫克之间;
金银花原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
荆芥原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
姜原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;???
中国牡荆原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
连翘原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
板蓝根原草或提取物浓缩液,用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
另外:
麦芽糊精用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间。
因为许多处于高氧化应激状态的人常见便秘,配方中也可加入润肠的有效成份,比如药用矿物油,含量为10毫克到100毫克之间。
下面分别阐述上述有效成份的作用机理。
维生素B2为体内黄酶类辅基的组成部分,当缺乏时就影响机体的生物氧化过程,使代谢发生障碍。其病变多表现为口、眼和外生殖器部位的炎症,如口角炎、唇炎、舌炎、眼结膜炎和阴囊炎。
维生素A具有多种生理功能,对视力、生长、上皮组织及骨骼的发育、精子的生成和胎儿的生长发育都是必需的,它主要用来提高视力并且增强免疫系统功能。维生素A是总称,它包括视黄醇,胡萝卜类素,胡萝卜素,和类视黄醇。胡萝卜类素和胡萝卜素均可通过人体转化为人体维生素A。他们能够有效吞噬自由基,降低氧化应激,并且他们能抑制许多致癌物质。
谷胱甘肽(L-谷胱氨酸-L-半胱氨酸-甘氨酸),存在于所有动物细胞中,正常环境下以其硫醇还原型(GSH)存在,是细胞内主要的非蛋白质巯基化合物。在许多生命活动中起着直接或间接的作用,包括基因表达调控、酶活性和代谢调节、对细胞的保护、氨基酸转运、免疫功能调节等。氧化应激或亲电化合物攻击可使细胞内GSH含量下降,或使其转变为双硫氧化型(GSSG)。谷胱甘肽在临床主要作为解毒、抗氧化作用的药物。
硫辛酸是存在于人体内的天然抗氧化剂,由细胞的线粒体产生。它能使水溶性维生素C和脂溶性维生素E在细胞内外的浓度同时提高,而且通过硫辛酸的氧化还原特性,可使维生素C和维生素E再生。硫辛酸能在其他抗氧化剂短缺时成为“替身”。也就是说,如果体内缺乏维生素E或C时,硫辛酸将暂时接手它们的工作。硫辛酸抗氧化效果胜过维生素A、C、E,并能消除加速老化与致病的自由基,可能是目前人类所知的天然抗氧化剂中效果最强的一种。
艾可尼西亚在过去的二、三十年内,无数的临床试验从现代医学的角度证明了艾可尼西亚具有良好的治疗效果和用药安全性,包括对天生的免疫系统缺陷疾病的治疗效果。艾可尼西亚在现代医学上的应用主要集中在它对免疫系统的强化作用上面,主要用于治疗病毒性感染。在超过3900人的临床试验中证明,艾可尼西亚汁液能够很好地降低感冒和流感的发病率,减轻病患的症状等。另外发现艾可尼西亚汁液能有效地抑制病毒的分裂,控制病毒的衍生复制。艾可尼西亚可刺激非特异性防御机制,攻击被病毒感染的细胞。
维生素E维生素E对动物的生殖、发育有明显的影响,缺乏时会使动物的生殖机能受损,而补充它则可恢复其生育机能。维生素E可以促进维生素A的吸收、利用和肝脏贮存。因为维生素E的结构特点和在人体内的分布特点,它具有抗自由基,抗衰老,保护肝脏和肝细胞的再生,增强免疫力,以及保护心血管与皮肤等一系列功能。维生素E对抗自由基脂质过氧化作用的效率很高。在研究中发现,维生素E的缺乏对人类或动物的免疫功能均有影响,不仅是体能免疫力降低,而且对细胞免疫也有很大影响。
叶黄素叶黄素是人类视网膜最重要的营养成份。在眼睛视网膜的黄斑部(视力中心),以及水晶体都含有高量的叶黄素。叶黄素已被正实是一个重要的天然抗氧化剂。夏威夷癌症中心研究发现,叶黄素是抑制脂肪过氧化作用的最有效成份之一,这种氧化发生于血中与眼睛。叶黄素能够抵挡这些氧化后自由基的破坏,特别是在眼睛的视网膜及水晶体区域。
西红柿红素西红柿红素(Lycopene)与氧气接触后,会树脂化形成lycopeneepoxide(西红柿红素环氧化物)而增量40%,是一种抗氧化剂。对于清除体内脂溶性部份的自由基,西红柿红素的抗氧化性最强。西红柿红素能抑制过氧化脂质的生成,可以预防成人病,包括:预防心血管疾病及前列腺或消化道癌症,抑制大肠结肠癌、膀胱癌,预防高血压、降低血脂,对抗细胞伤害,保护人体细胞中的DNA、蛋白质、脂肪及脂质等。
辅酶Q10人体的肝脏用蛋白质的酪氨酸(Tyrosine)及苯丙氨酸(Phenylalanine)及维生素E、B1、B6及叶酸等合成辅酶Q10,以供自身之需要。它的各种其它作用包括最重要的保护心脏和血管等效果已经或正在不断被发现。辅酶Q10主要存在于人体的心脏、肝脏、肾脏、和胰腺内。它的重要功能包括调节细胞的生长发育和细胞自身的维护,以及抗氧化作用。辅酶Q10的这种抗氧化作用可以通过降低自由基对这些器官内细胞的损害来保护心脏、肝脏、肾脏、和胰腺等重要器官。自由基对这些器官内细胞的损害包括对DNA的破坏性作用。
维生素C维生素C是人体必需的维生素,认为在细胞呼吸的氧化还原作用上有重要的角色。细胞间基质及胶原蛋白的形成及维护、类固醇的合成、叶酸的转化及酪氨酸(tyrosine)的代谢都需要维生素C。维生素C是组织生长及修补健康牙龈必需的抗氧化剂,具有促进血液循环、消除疲老、改善白血球机能、增强免疫力、預防坏血病、骨折等多种功能,并能降低胆固醇及高血压、预防动脉硬化,保护肝脏和对肝中毒的解毒作用。
叶酸叶酸天然存在于动物的肝、肾内。叶酸是由喋啶、对氨基苯甲酸和谷氨酸残基组成的一种水溶性B族维生素,为机体细胞生长和繁殖所必需的物质,是对红细胞发育成熟起辅助作用的水溶性维生素。叶酸制剂常与肝制剂同用,以治疗恶性贫血,是制造红血球不可缺少的物质。
牛磺酸牛磺酸是存在于人体内的一种氨基酸,科学研究证实,牛磺酸广泛分布于心脏、肝脏、肠胃道、胰腺、中枢神经系统、眼睛等人体的各个脏器、组织和器官中,具有保护心脏、降压、降血脂、降血糖、减轻脂肪肝、降转氨酶、增强免疫力、抗疲劳等诸多作用,是人体健康不可或缺的营养物质。
谷氨酰胺谷氨酰胺对人体的生理作用很多,主要为以下这些功能:是人体内最普遍、不可缺乏的条件性必需氨基酸,占身体氨基酸总量的60%;保持肌肉新陈代谢与结构的关键;免疫系统的基本燃料与能量来源;脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的合成,细胞的分化和成长所需,也是创伤修复和组织修复所需;胃肠管腔细胞的基本营养来源;中和体内毒素。
赖氨酸赖氨酸是必需氨基酸,人体自身不能合成,营养学上又称第一缺乏氨基酸。赖氨酸在人体蛋白质合成和生长发育中起到重要作用,能提高人体消化、吸收能力,加速蛋白质合成,提供生长发育的基础物质。如果体内缺乏赖氨酸,将会出现偏食、挑食、厌食,甚至拒食,导致生长发育缓慢,或者是停止生长、身材比同龄人矮小、骨骼钙化缓慢等。
锌锌主要存在于骨骼、皮肤、头发中,它与人体中的50多种酶有关系,在核酸代谢和在蛋白质合成中起重要作用,具有抗氧化作用,也是胰岛素的成份之一。它与生殖器官功能关系密切,是促进人体生长发育的重要元素。缺锌会引起生长停滞和创伤愈合不良,尤其是婴幼儿时,易影响身高的发育。
硒硒是人类近二十年来才发现的对人体的健康状况有重大影响的物质。硒不仅可以提高人体免疫力具有防癌的效果,而且能够保持人身体组织的年轻活力,减轻火伤、炎症、烫伤的痛苦,减少停经期的痛苦。如果人体内缺乏硒,男性的性能力会提早消失。硒对人体的肝脏有着极其重要的作用,现代医药研究成果也在不断的证明中医复方理论,比如临床试验发现维生素E和硒是两种协同作用的物质,同时服用效力较強,分别服用效力相对较差。
镁镁也是骨骼和牙齿的重要成份,主要与蛋白质结合成络合物,它能维持心脏的正常节律,抑制神经的兴奋性,参与蛋白质的合成、肌肉收缩和体温调节作用。缺镁会引起精神不振、肌肉无力、手足抽搐、心动过速等症状,幼儿还可引起惊厥,也具有抗氧化作用。
锰锰是人体的辅酶。人体的多种生化反应都要有锰来参与。缺锰时表现疲劳症状或者是疲劳综合症、能量不够,因为酶就是参与能量代谢的,最后的目的就是释放能量,能量不够就出现很多现象:疲劳、困倦、无精打采等等。锰和B族维生素合用时对提升人的精神状态有特别好的作用。
麦芽糊精麦芽糊精是以精制玉米淀粉为原料经酶法水解而得到的一种介于淀粉与淀粉糖之间的产物,它具有增稠性强、载体性好、发酵性小等功能,易消化吸收、低甜度、低热量、低脂肪等特点。病理学鉴定证明,长期摄入糊精无任何副作用,并能促进人体正常的物质代谢,对高血压,肥胖症,尤其对糖尿病,牙病等都有一定的预防作用。
金银花中药金银花药用部分为干旱花蕾及茎叶。花可清热解毒,茎叶可清热祛风湿,可治感冒、肺炎等症,是五花茶、银翘解毒丸药方的材料。
连翘连翘为木犀科植物连翘的干燥果实。具有清热解毒、消肿散结的功效,是常用的中药材之一。挥发油类成份作为其主要有效成份之一,主要存在于连翘心中,含量在4%以上,平均可达3.8%,自然界含油如此高的植物并不多见。在以往的文献报道中,认为连翘挥发油具有显著而稳定的抗菌抗病毒作用。
荆芥本品为唇形科植物荆芥的干燥地上部分,辛、微温,解表散风,风疹,疮疡初起。
姜姜减轻感冒症状等。姜的成份里富含抗氧化的元素,可以有效调整消化系统,减轻饮食不当产生的腹泻症状。还有研究表明,姜的一些成份还可以使血管和肝脏少吸收胆固醇,帮助增强心脏功能,辅助治疗冠状心血管疾病。除此之外,从姜中提取的精华素,还可以被用来治疗偏头痛、眩晕、呕吐,改善胃肠道功能,行动障碍和关节炎,增强免疫力。
中国牡荆馬鞭草科,牡荆是黄荆的变种。其果入药,有健胃祛痰之功效。
板兰根板兰根清热解毒。用于病毒性感冒,咽喉肿痛。
其它的功能组分还可以包括茶,山楂,银杏黄酮、甘草黄酮,等等。
(三)药学上可接受的载体:
本发明除了上述的有效成份外,还含有药学上可接受的载体。
本发明中作为赋型剂的包括以下这些:玉米淀粉(Corn starch)作为填充剂和崩解剂;纤维素胶和预胶化淀粉(Cellulose gel and pregelatinized starch)作为增塑剂和粘合剂;明胶(Gelatin)作为乳化剂,粘合剂和崩解剂;甘油(Glycerin)作为矫味剂;羟丙纤维素(Hydroxypropyl cellulose)作为水分散性材料;硬脂酸镁或锌(Magnesium/Zinc stearate),滑石粉(talc),硅粉(silica),和矿物油(Mineral oil)等作为润滑剂;微晶纤维素(microcellulose)作为粘合剂和崩解剂;交联羧甲纤维素钠(Croscarmellose sodium)作为粘合剂和崩解剂;乳糖(Lactose)作为填充剂和粘合剂;阿拉伯胶(Acacia)作为乳化剂和粘合剂;硬脂酸(Stearic acid)作为乳化剂和粘合剂;甲基化羟丙纤维素(Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose)作为粘合剂和崩解剂;山梨醇(Sorbitol),三氯蔗糖(Sucralose),乙酰磺胺酸钾(Acesulfame potassium),和蔗糖(Sugar)作为矫味剂;聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol)作为填充剂、乳化剂、和崩解剂;变性食用淀粉(Modified food starch)作为填充剂和崩解剂;以及豆油(Soybeanoil)和卵磷脂(Lecithin)等作为脂溶性的辅助性物质;山梨醇作为粘合剂,和二氧化钛(Titanium dioxide)用作着色剂等。
(四)复方制剂的固体剂型:
本发明中的复方制剂为固体剂型,如片剂,颗粒剂,药丸,和胶囊等,优选泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂。泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂能在水中迅速崩解,使有效成份迅速释放,充分保持有效成份的生理活性,提高生物活性物质的稳定性,促进人体对有效成份的迅速吸收,能提高生物活性成份的稳定性,加速人体吸收,便于服用。泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂加入桔子,草莓,柠檬等味道的调味剂(Flavors)。
(五)给药方式:
取泡腾片一片放入到少量纯净水中,约三分钟全部溶解后喝下。根据具体情况和需要可以每三小时或者三小时以上一次,但最好不要连续使用三天以上。
泡腾颗粒剂与泡腾片的用法相同。
其它固体剂型如片剂,颗粒剂,药丸和胶囊等制剂每日口服用量类同泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂,治疗具体病症时的每次用量取决于多种因素,包括体重、年龄、性别、必然的医学症状、疾病轻重、给药途径等。
(六)复方制剂的制备方法:
本发明中的固体制剂剂型生产可以采用现有的各种生产技术。泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片全部适用于传统生产工艺。工艺为先将匹配的有效成份、脂类或脂溶性辅助性物质、和一种或多种赋形剂混合成混合物,再加入其它有效成份和赋形剂混合均匀,混匀的混合物制成。
本发明泡腾颗粒剂、泡腾片的制备方法有两种:
方法一:
1、用草药原草或制备浸膏粉,或者按比例直接配制所用草药的商业提取物产品;
2、粉料混合:将各有效(API)组分按要求粉碎、过筛、干燥备料,然后按配方比例称取各有效组分,在通用混合设备中加入碱剂、酸剂、矫味剂、助流剂和内加润滑剂混合5-15分钟,使混合均匀,然后加入步骤1所得产品混合均匀。
3、干法制粒:在温度15~25℃,相对湿度约10%的环境下,使用干法制粒机,将混合粉料压缩、破碎制成颗粒,得泡腾颗粒剂。
4、压片:在温度15~25℃,相对湿度约10%的环境下,使用直径2~3厘米的冲模,在压片机上压制成型,得泡腾片。每片重2.5~8克,优选3~6克。
方法二:
1、各成份干燥后,粉碎,过筛;
2、称取所需要量,混合均匀;
3、加入润滑剂制粒;
4、加入酸碱泡腾成份总混;
5、压片;
6、包装。
本发明中的有效成份均使用其生产厂家出厂成品。草药成份可以使用他们的原草药粉,也可以使用它们的提取物浸膏粉。浸膏粉的提取方法如下:
取等量(重量比)的中药金银花、荆芥、姜、中国牡荆、艾可尼西亚、板蓝根、和连翘等,经加水煎煮提取、醇溶、浓缩、喷雾干燥制成粉末,浸膏粉的含水量应为≤3.5%,细度为全部能通过100目筛。浸膏粉内的有效成份对应于所称取的干燥草药含量,氯原酸(C16H18O9)不得少于0.3%,酚醛树脂的含量不得少于0.8%,挥发油含量不得少于0.10%(ml/g),同时应能检测出木犀草苷(C21H20O11)、胡薄荷酮(C10H16O)、6-姜醇、芥子甙、蚓哚甙、和连翘苷(C29H36O15)。
泡腾颗粒剂或泡腾片中的泡腾剂由酸剂与可产生二氧化碳的可食用碱剂组成。泡腾剂在片剂中的含量为25%~60%(重量比)。
碱剂为钾和钠的混合碳酸盐,或混合碳酸氢盐,或碳酸盐与碳酸氢盐的混合盐,所采用的碳酸盐及碳酸氢盐可包括碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、甘氨酸钠碳酸盐等,优选的碱剂为无水碳酸氢钾与碳酸氢钠。本发明中,碱剂细度为60~100目,使用前,碳酸氢盐在60~80℃干燥2~4小时;碳酸盐在105~120℃干燥2~4小时。
酸剂为可食用有机酸,采用柠檬酸、甘氨酸柠檬酸盐、柠檬酸单钠盐、苹果酸、酒石酸、富马酸等中的一种或两种,细度为60~100目,使用前应在105~110℃干燥2~4小时。
润滑剂包括内加润滑剂和外加润滑剂,内加润滑剂为制颗粒前加入物料中的润滑剂;外加润滑剂为压片前加入或在压片过程中加在模具中。润滑剂采用聚乙二醇6000、富马酸、己二酸、亮氨酸,植物油,或药用矿物油中的一种或两种,其中亮氨酸,植物油,或药用矿物油可为外加润滑剂。
本发明使用喷雾干燥技术联合干法制粒工艺制备泡腾片,喷雾干燥法制备草药提取物。喷雾干燥法可制备成具有较大表面积的提取物微粉,在泡腾片置于水中时才能迅速溶解。
(七)有益效果
本发明能够迅速降低氧化应激,确保人类的身体健康,提高工作效率,减少医疗费用,特别是满足白领上班族的日常需要,以及体力劳动者降低暂时性的各种原因造成的氧化应激高水平状态,如工作紧张,精神压力,提高免疫力,避免因长途旅行,或者进入餐馆、医院等人数众多的公共场合而患病,等等。
具体实施方式
以下的实施实例仅仅是用来说明本发明,并不等于本发明仅限于以下这些实例。
实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
实施例一
(一)各种成份如表一所示:
(二)制备方法:
1、泡腾颗粒剂:
(1)、把配方一中的氧化镁(在100~160℃干燥2~4小时)、葡萄糖酸锰(在105~110℃干燥2~4小时)、硫酸锌(在165~190℃干燥2~4小时)、柠檬酸(在105~110℃干燥2~4小时)、碳酸氢钠、和碳酸氢钾(碳酸氢盐在60~80℃干燥2~4小时)等成份干燥,然后粉碎、过筛;
(2)、把配方一中的有效成份金银花、荆芥、姜、麦芽糊精、中国牡荆、连翘、艾可尼西亚、和板蓝根混合均匀制备草药粉;
(3)、将配方一中的维生素A,维生素B2,维生素C,维生素E,赖氨酸,和谷氨酰胺等组分按配方比例称取备料;
(4)、将配方一中干燥好的氧化镁、葡萄糖酸锰、硫酸锌、以及氨基酸络合硒等组分按配方一中的比例称取备料;
(5)、将配方一中的山梨醇、桔子味调味剂、三氯蔗糖、和AK糖等组分按配方比例称取备料;
(6)、将步骤2-5所得备料在高速混合制粒设备中喷加矿物油混合制粒;
(7)、制得颗粒通过摆动筛进入总混机,在相对湿度20%以下的环境中,和泡腾剂的柠檬酸、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾混合均匀,得总混料;
(8)、干燥条件下密封防潮包装。
2、泡腾片:
把制备颗粒剂的步骤7所得总混料,在温度15~25℃,相对湿度约10%的环境下,使用直径20-30毫米的冲模,在压片机上压制成型,每片重4.73克,共得1000片产品,然后干燥条件下密封防潮包装。
实施例二动物试验
用实施例一制得的泡腾片进行动物试验,测试三种配方对氧化应激的作用效果。动物使用四个星期大的、养在标准的动物试验环境中的无毛鼠,水和食物可以随时取用。共分为六组,每组六只试验鼠。第一组为空白组,不照射X射线;其余各组试验鼠使用50Gy的X射线进行全身照射来升高其氧化应激水平,第二和第三组照射X射线,但是不使用本发明中的泡腾片;第四组照射X射线后马上喂食配方一泡腾片;第五组照射X射线后马上喂食配方二泡腾片;第六组照射X射线后马上喂食配方三泡腾片。试验鼠的泡腾片使用量为1克/千克体重,每四小时喂一次,共四次。试验鼠的皮肤组织在照射X射线后36和72小时取样,每次取样为约50毫克,样品立即在液氮中冷冻并在-80℃下保存。
表二:试验鼠的氧化应激水平
试验鼠的氧化应激水平通过皮肤样品中的脂质氧化而产生的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定,测定方法为硫代巴比妥酸活性物质法[TBARS,分析生化(Anal.Biochem.)1979,95,351-358],测量有机相在532nm处的吸光度。测量计算值见上表二,结果显示,本发明中的产品有很好的降低氧化应激水平的功能。
实施例三
用实施例一制得的配方一泡腾片进行临床试验,共20人,年龄区间为28-45岁,全部男性。抽取标准为参与试验的人感觉难受,但又没有检测出任何病变的健康者。20人被随机分为两组,每组10人。一组接受可溶性玉米淀粉桔子味泡腾片安慰剂,一组使用配方一泡腾片,每次使用一片,每四小时使用一次,共使用十一次。三天后,使用配方一泡腾片组,仅有一人体温升高,出现感冒症状;而使用安慰剂组的人,有七人体温升高,出现感冒症状。结果显示,本发明中的产品通过急降氧化应激,对疾病有很好的预防作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于该复方制剂包括:
(a)维生素A,维生素B2,赖氨酸,谷氨酰胺,维生素C、谷胱苷肽、叶酸三者之一或其组合,维生素E、辅酶Q10、叶黄素、西红柿红素四者之一或其组合;
(b)锌,硒,锰,镁和钾;
(c)金银花,荆芥,姜,中国牡荆,连翘,艾可尼西亚,板蓝根;
(d)麦芽糊精;
(e)药学上可接受的载体;
(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)所述的每一组分在该复方制剂的每个单剂中的含量为:
维生素A的含量介于1000国际单位(IU)到6000国际单位(IU)之间,维生素B2的含量介于0.1毫克到10毫克之间,维生素C的含量介于10毫克到2000毫克之间,谷胱甘肽的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,叶酸的含量介于50微克到2000微克之间,维生素E的含量介于10国际单位(IU)到2000国际单位(IU)之间,辅酶Q10的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间,叶黄素的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间,西红柿红素的含量介于0.1毫克到300毫克之间,赖氨酸的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间,谷氨酰胺的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
锌的含量介于1.0毫克到100毫克之间,镁的含量介于1.0毫克到300毫克之间,锰的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间,硒的含量介于1.0微克到300微克之间,钾的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
所述的金银花、荆芥、姜、中国牡荆、连翘、艾可尼西亚、板蓝根是原草或提取物浓缩液,其中金银花的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间,荆芥的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间,姜的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间,中国牡荆的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间,连翘的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间,艾可尼西亚的用量为转化成酚醛树脂介于1-10毫克,板蓝根的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间;
所述的麦芽糊精的用量介于0.1毫克到200毫克之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于(a)、(b)所述的每一组分在该复方制剂的每个单剂中的含量为:
维生素A的含量介于3000国际单位(IU)到5000国际单位(IU)之间,维生素B2的含量介于0.5毫克到5毫克之间,维生素C的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,谷胱甘肽的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,叶酸的含量介于100微克到1000微克之间,维生素E的含量介于15国际单位(IU)到1000国际单位(IU)之间,辅酶Q10的含量介于5.0毫克到800毫克之间,叶黄素的含量介于0.2毫克到80毫克之间,西红柿红素的含量介于0.3毫克到200毫克之间,赖氨酸的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间,谷氨酰胺的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
锌的含量介于1.0毫克到100毫克之间,镁的含量介于1.0毫克到300毫克之间,锰的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间,硒的含量介于5微克到280微克之间,钾的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于(a)、(b)所述的每一组分在该复方制剂的每个单剂中的含量为:
维生素A的含量介于4500国际单位(IU)到5000国际单位(IU)之间,维生素B2的含量介于1.0毫克到3.2毫克之间,维生素C的含量介于100毫克到1100毫克之间,谷胱甘肽的含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,叶酸的含量介于200微克到900微克之间,维生素E的含量介于20国际单位(IU)到100国际单位(IU)之间,辅酶Q10的含量介于40毫克到400毫克之间,叶黄素的含量介于0.5毫克到30毫克之间,西红柿红素的含量介于0.4毫克到100毫克之间,赖氨酸的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间,谷氨酰胺的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间;
锌的含量介于1.0毫克到100毫克之间,镁的含量介于1.0毫克到300毫克之间,锰的含量介于0.1毫克到100毫克之间,硒的含量介于10微克到100微克之间,钾的含量介于1.0毫克到1000毫克之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于该复方制剂的每个单剂中还含有牛磺酸,和/或硫辛酸;所述的牛磺酸含量介于50毫克到1500毫克之间,所述的硫辛酸的含量介于1.0毫克到3000毫克之间。
5.如权利要求1所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于该复方制剂的每个单剂中还含有药用矿物油,含量介于10毫克到100毫克之间。
6.如权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于该复方制剂为固体剂型。
7.如权利要求6所述的迅速降低氧化应激的复方制剂,其特征在于所述的固体剂型是泡腾片或泡腾颗粒剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的复方制剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)粉料预处理:将权利要求1任一项所述的(a)、(b)组分粉碎、过筛、干燥备料;
(2)粉料混合:称取上述有效组分,在通用混合设备中加入碱剂、酸剂、矫味剂、助流剂和内加润滑剂混合5-15分钟,使混合均匀,然后加入权利要求1所述的(c)、(d)组分混合均匀;
(3)干法制粒:在温度15~25℃,相对湿度约10%的条件下,使用干法制粒机,将混合粉料压缩、破碎制成泡腾颗粒;
(4)泡腾颗粒压片得泡腾片。
9.如权利要求1所述的复方制剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A)权利要求1任一项所述的组分干燥后,粉碎,过筛;
B)称取权利要求1所述的组分含量,混合均匀;
C)加入润滑剂制粒;
D)加入酸碱泡腾成份总混得泡腾颗粒剂;
E)压片得泡腾片;
F)包装。
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