CN1907508A - 用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置 - Google Patents

用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置 Download PDF

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CN1907508A
CN1907508A CNA2006101054076A CN200610105407A CN1907508A CN 1907508 A CN1907508 A CN 1907508A CN A2006101054076 A CNA2006101054076 A CN A2006101054076A CN 200610105407 A CN200610105407 A CN 200610105407A CN 1907508 A CN1907508 A CN 1907508A
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R·布利克
U·哈格
E·-U·屈珀
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Abstract

对于一种用于处理体外血液循环中血液的装置，它具有至少一个氧发生器、一个热交换器(12)和一个血液过滤器(24)，其中如此构造结构单元氧发生器/热交换器中的入口和出口，使得保证血液通流横截面A≥80mm2，优选A≥120mm2。按本发明的装置(10)也可以作为一个唯一的构件(12)单独运行，该构件承担了氧发生器和具有血液过滤器的热交换器的功能。如果对于该装置(10)设置一个泵(22)，那么该泵的驱动机构在必要时可以拆下。

Description

用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置，该装置具有至少一个氧发生器、一个热交换器和一个血液过滤器。
背景技术
这种装置在EP 1 465 350 A1中已经公开。
这种公开的装置在其外壳中具有一个气泡收集器、一个血液泵、一个热交换器、一个氧发生器和一个动脉血液过滤器。各装置部件相互紧密地连接在一起，从而相对于通过管路系统相互流体技术连接在一起的部件实现了更短的传输路径。但是传输路径本身也是狭窄部分，该狭窄部分给待处理的血液加荷，从而该横截面狭窄部分不利于和缓地处理血液。
发明内容
本发明的任务是对用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置进行改进，使得其一方面能够可靠且快速地用于拓宽的指示，另一方面尽可能最好地保护体外循环的血液。
按本发明，该任务通过权利要求1的特征解决。
装置部件氧发生器、热交换器和血液过滤器构成了外壳中的紧凑模块，而省去了连接管路或者连接管道。
因此按本发明的装置的重要优点是，在处理血液时装置内部的狭窄部分最小化了，待处理的血液可以通过装置部件之间的大的流动横截面流动，并由此承受的剪切载荷比现有技术中已知的流动路径明显更小，连接管路或者直接连接的通道在两个装置部件之间汇合。通过省去了使血液流动变窄的连接管路或者连接管道使得由装置引起的压力降最小，由此降低了必要的泵功率，并相应减小了对血液的损害。此外通过紧凑的结构形式，降低了体外循环中的血液体积以及用于起动、也就是用于使紧凑模块开始运转所必要的流体体积。体外流动的血液的停留时间通过按本发明的装置部件的入口和出口的构造也显著缩短了，因为装置部件的大的入口横截面和出口横截面直接耦联在一起，由此按本发明的装置内的压力损失最小。如果血液流动横截面设计成大于和/或等于120mm2，并且这在装置部件相互之间的过渡区域中总是如此，那么体外循环的血液就得到进一步的保护，并且作用在血液上的剪力或者按流体技术作用在血液上的压力也最小。由此可以将按本发明的装置用较小的泵功率驱动，这会对损坏血液起到反作用。
在本发明的另一种改进方案中，热交换器集成在氧发生器中，并且氧发生器和热交换器构成了不能分开的构件。这样做的优点在于，可以实现非常有效的热交换效率，方法是例如将热交换器纤维集成在氧发生器中。热交换器纤维例如还可以有效地导出静电负荷，并改善热交换器的效率。在按本发明的结构方案中，热交换器和氧发生器构成了不能分开的构件，并且热交换器和氧发生器的功能部件构成了一个唯一的单元。这允许一种非常紧凑的结构形式，并改善热交换器和氧发生器共同作用时的效率。
在本发明的另一种结构方案中，血液入口和/或出口具有多个孔，其分布在结构单元或者构件的周围。如果通过多个孔流入该构件，那么血液流就会均匀地引入到按本发明的装置中，并且病人的待处理的血液获得一种特别和缓地处理。
在本发明的另一种结构方案中，这些孔具有不同大小的孔横截面。这样做的优点是，结构单元的上部中的大的孔可以另外用于更好地将气泡从血液中排出。根据需要以及构件的结构方案，孔可以设置在构件的不同位置上，并由此也有利于构件优化，这种构件优化在唯一的入口和唯一的出口的情况下是不可能实现的。
当在结构单元或者构件的周围设置四个孔时特别有利。通过四个孔不仅可以有利地保护管路系统并快速地将待处理的血液输送到构件氧发生器/热交换器，而且这些孔还允许与相邻的装置部件直接连接。
在构件或者结构单元上可以在入口处设置一个泵，尤其是一个离心泵，待处理的血液通过该泵流入氧发生器/热交换器。泵的出口与结构单元或者构件上的入口相匹配，从而待处理的血液可以无压力损失地通过泵流入构件氧发生器/热交换器。
当孔分别位于装置的上部和装置的下部时是特别有利的。当位于体外的血液应当尽可能完全回到病人体内时，装置上部的孔实现了离心泵简单有效且无气泡的充装，装置下部的孔实现了在体外血液循环末端处泵室简单且完全地清空。
如果离心泵通过至少一个接口连接到结构单元或者构件(氧发生器/热交换器)上，并且将导引血液的连接孔布置在上方和下方而与孔横截面的大小无关时，那么就可以将紧凑模块进行有利的、简单的并且有效的排气或者清空。
为了保证短的流动路径，泵直接连接在结构单元或者构件上。通过这种措施避免了延长的传输路径，并且整个装置可以通过这种措施构造得紧凑。根据需要，在构件或者结构单元上可以连接一个泵，从而这种装置可以最简单地适应拓宽的应用范围或者进一步的要求。
在必要时也可以在结构单元或者构件上连接一个气泡收集器或者一个血液储存器，该血液储存器设置在泵前面，并且与泵按流体技术连接。由此按本发明的装置可以用于各种用途以保持体外血液循环，而不需要对装置进行最费事的结构改变。所有必要的装置部件可以整合在一个外壳中，并可以在泵上例如连接一个驱动机构，该驱动机构不与待处理的血液接触。
附图说明
下面以一种实施例来描述按本发明的装置，其中示出了按本发明的装置的多种方案中的一种实施方案。
具体实施方式
在图中例如用10表示以侧视图示出的按本发明的装置，该装置具有一个氧发生器，其中集成了一个热交换器，并且看作一个单元的设备组合称为构件12。在到构件12中的入口上设置了孔14、16、18、20，待处理的血液、这里是静脉血可以通过这些孔流入构件12。孔14、16、18、20在必要时可以设计成不同的大小，从而例如最好在孔20上输送血流的析出气体。在孔14、16、18、20的区域中在装置部件之间还设置了锁定机构或者连接机构。
在图中直接在这些孔14、16、18、20上连接了一个泵，这里是一种离心泵，从而无需跨接管路就可以将待处理的血液通过泵22输入构件12中。泵22具有可插接的驱动机构，通过该驱动机构可以驱动离心泵，而驱动机构不与待处理的血液发生接触(例如磁力驱动机构)。
在图中所示的孔14、16、18、20不必对称地分布在构件12的入口上。也可以考虑只用一个唯一的孔，其允许血液通流横截面A≥80mm2。由孔14、16、18、20一起提供的血液通流横截面必须同样满足总血液通流横截面A≥80mm2。
在构件12的出口上也构造了多个孔，在图中由于直接法兰连接到构件12上而被掩盖，所述孔同样提供A≥80mm2的血液通流横截面。到直接法兰连接在构件12上的血液过滤器中的入口孔与构件12的出口孔相适配，从而在氧发生器/热交换器中处理的血液可以尽可能受到好的保护地并在最小的负荷下流入血液过滤器24中。
在构件12的外壳上设置了气泡收集器26，其保证了在离心泵22中只有无气泡的血液才流入泵进行处理。气泡收集器26与泵22按流体技术连接，并且泵22与构件12按流体技术连接。在此，至少在泵22和构件12之间没有管路。在图中所示的构件直接法兰连接在构件12上，并且血液通过管路流过泵22、构件12和血液过滤器24，管路直接通过将各装置构件连接到构件12上形成。
静脉血沿着箭头方向28流入气泡收集器26，并沿着箭头方向30由按本发明的装置10流出动脉血，动脉血可以直接输给病人。
在图中所示的装置10在必要时也可以只通过构件12、也就是具有集成在其中的热交换器的氧发生器运行。其余的装置部件、如泵22、血液过滤器24和气泡收集器26可以在必要时有选择地使用。整个装置10可以集成在一个外壳中，从而按本发明获得了一种紧凑可靠的装置，该装置不容许错误地运行。
对于一种用于处理体外血液循环中的血液的装置，其中该装置具有至少一个氧发生器、一个热交换器12和一个血液过滤器24，构造在结构单元氧发生器/热交换器中的入口和出口，使得保证血液通流横截面A≥80mm2，最好A≥120mm2。按本发明的装置10也可以作为一个唯一的构件12单独运行，该唯一的构件承担了氧发生器和具有血液过滤器的热交换器的功能。如果对于装置10设置一个泵，那么其驱动机构在必要时可以拆下。

Claims (10)

1.用于处理体外血液循环中血液的装置，它具有至少一个氧发生器和一个热交换器，其中到结构单元氧发生器/热交换器中的入口和出口具有的血液通流横截面A≥80mm2，并且直接连接在该结构单元上的血液过滤器(24)具有一个血液通流横截面，该血液通流横截面相应于所述结构单元的血液通流横截面。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述血液通流横截面大于和/或等于120mm2。
3.按权利要求1或者2所述的装置，其特征在于：所述热交换器集成在所述氧发生器中，并且氧发生器和热交换器构成了一个构件(12)。
4.按权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述血液的入口和/或出口具有多个孔(14、16、18、20)，这些孔分布在结构单元或者构件(12)的周围。
5.按权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于：所述孔(14、16、18、20)具有不同大小的孔横截面。
6.按权利要求4或者5所述的装置，其特征在于：在所述结构单元或者构件(12)的周围分布设置四个孔(14、16、18、20)。
7.按权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述结构单元或者构件(12)的入口上设置了一个泵(22)，尤其是一种离心泵，其出口与所述结构单元或者构件(12)的入口相适配。
8.按权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：所述泵可以直接连接到结构单元或者构件(12)上。
9.按权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于：所述离心泵通过至少一个接口直接连接到所述结构单元或者构件(12)上。
10.按权利要求1至9中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述装置(10)具有一个气泡收集器(26)或者一个血液储存器，该血液储存器设置在所述泵(22)前面，并且与泵(22)按流体技术连接。
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KR20070005512A (ko) 2007-01-10
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US20070009378A1 (en) 2007-01-11
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