CN1906001B

CN1906001B - Method and plant for prearranging powders for forming ceramic tiles or slabs

Info

Publication number: CN1906001B
Application number: CN2005800018127A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·斯卡尔多维; S·瓦利
Original assignee: Sacmi Imola SC
Current assignee: Sacmi Imola SC
Priority date: 2004-01-08
Filing date: 2005-01-03
Publication date: 2010-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2025-01-03
Also published as: WO2005068146A2; WO2005068146A3; MXPA06007668A; CN1906001A; BRPI0506669A; ITRE20040001A1; EP1701830A2; RU2006123124A

Abstract

A plant (1) for prearranging powders (33) for forming ceramic tiles or slabs, comprising means (3) for feeding the powders (33), a hopper (34), and a movable fall-on surface (2, 200, 250) positioned below the hopper (34), to receive the powders (33) discharged from the hopper (34.) and advance them along an advancement direction, said hopper (34) io presenting a prismatic shape having a front face(43a) and a rear face (34b) which lie opposite each other transverse to the advancement direction of the fall-on surface (2, 200, 250), the distance (B) between said faces (43a, 34b) being substantially equal to the thickness (S) of the powder strip (100, 100') to be compacted deposited on said surface (2, 200), said powder strip (100, 100') reproducing the same arrangement as the mixture of powders (33) within the hopper (34).

Description

Be used for the pre-method and apparatus of arranging the powder that forms ceramic tile or plate

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of pre-method for arranging and equipment that forms ceramic tile and plate.

Background technology

Be to obtain the product of imitated lithotome such as marble and granite at the research current goal of ceramic field.These product features are to exist the texture of the continuous arbitrary graphic that extends through the whole thickness of plate.

This ceramic tile or plate are made with the powder that grind or that granulate again that the partial desiccation of arranging in advance or any-mode differently mixes atomizes by come compacting by hydraulic extrusion press.

Specifically, mixture of powders is deposited in the forming cavity of the hard steel mould that is arranged at extruder by suitable device, and is extruded subsequently and obtains product.

Identical applicant has found out a kind of brick formation method, and it is described in disclosures in Italian patent application RE2001A000129.

This method is included in the funnel to arrange in advance and/or the mixture of powders of any-mode deposition different qualities, so that in funnel, produce pile of grounds, these powder are provided at the different textures of arranging in the heap, have the discharge nozzle that size equals the size of the mold cavity in the shaping extruder at the translation direction of support and at its vertical direction upper hopper simultaneously; From the part that described pile of grounds is regained continuously, it has the size of the mark of the size that equals spout of funnel on the support translation direction, and has the size identical with spout of funnel in vertical direction, by this from shown in heap regain the whole layer of powder; By support in neat mode at the described layer of the inside deposition in described at least one chamber, and compaction of powders.

By comprising that the fixed funnel that is used to hold mixture of powders realizes described method, above-mentioned mixture of powders shows the whole texture of imitation lithotome.Have the relevant movable fixture that is associated with of bottom mouth of the funnel of same level size with the chamber of shaping extruder, for example usual appliance stand, its layout is used for the continuous powder part regained from funnel in the chamber deposition, till the chamber is filled up fully.

Document EP 1110689 discloses a kind of brick squeezing press that comprises extrusion die, and feeding device in above-mentioned extrusion die (14,114) is toppled over the powder that will be extruded.Feeding device (14,114) comprises the charging box (18,118) with bottom (37,137) successively, and open according to order and at the charging position of forcing press outside be used to pour in forcing press between the position of mould and move this bottom (37,137).At the case of its charging position is that the powder that will be extruded is imported the nearside device (15,16,17,115,116,117) in it, and opens so that powder is poured in the mould in the case bottom of its dump position.In one embodiment, the case bottom is made and is had between level and smooth closing position and inclination dump position according to a plurality of parallel-plates (37) of ordering rotary switch.In another kind of embodiment, the bottom of opening is made for has operation gate (137).

Document WO 9823424 discloses and a kind ofly is used for the compaction of powders formed material so that obtain the method for brick, being included in flexible conveyer (3) goes up distribution powder (1) and advances described powder by extrusion position (13) along direction of advance, be contained in described powder on the described conveyer (3) by the storing apparatus in described extrusion position (13), extruding described powder (1) in described extrusion position (13), it is characterized in that described storing apparatus acts on the powder that will be extruded in the described process of advancing, and those storing apparatus continuous action in described extrusion process.The layer of compacting (14) transmits towards die device (4), and by locate the part (22) that (19) decline drift (18) cut off and pushed compacted lift (14) towards the bottom at die device (4).

Although their operations are good, preceding method and equipment are not too general.

Aspect this, if there is the demand of the brick of different size or big surface size, they show shortcoming and defect.This is because fix with the following mouth girth of the corresponding to funnel of surface size of mold cavity.

Current techniques increases ceramic tile or the plate that is conceived to obtain to have according to the market demand different size day by day.Therefore, feel strongly need be more general equipment and method, it can make brick or plate form to change fast in the framework of simple and reasonable plan, avoids simultaneously in common those interruptions grown in process of production of known technology.

The object of the present invention is to provide especially a kind of but in the continuous type extruder, form the method for ceramic tile or plate with not getting rid of.

Summary of the invention

Realize above-mentioned purpose by method of the present invention.The invention provides a kind of method that forms ceramic tile or plate, comprise step: the mixture of powders that will have different qualities and/or color is fed to the funnel with rectangular shape, and this funnel has device hole and the discharge orifice that limits between the front and back of funnel; The band of the powder that will in funnel, exist by discharge orifice deposit to along direction of advance advance be positioned at below the upper surface that falls on; Described band has width and the thickness identical with the funnel discharge orifice; The described powder belt of compacting is characterized in that compacting occurs on the upper surface.

According to advancing on the one hand, the invention provides the equipment that is used to form ceramic tile or plate, it has the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function feature so that satisfy aforementioned need, and has avoided the described shortcoming of known technology simultaneously.Be used for arranging in advance the equipment of the powder that is used to form ceramic tile or plate, comprise: be used for the feeder that feed has the powder of different qualities and/or color; The funnel of rectangular shape, it has device hole and the discharge orifice that limits between the funnel front and back, be used to hold the powder that arrives from feeder; The removable upper surface that falls of being placed on funnel discharge orifice below for set a distance S with the bottom of distance front is so that receive from the powder of discharge orifice discharging and be that the form of the powder belt of S advances powder along direction of advance with the thickness that will be compacted; Be used for the device of compacted powder band, it is characterized in that, the device that is used for compacting is placed on more than the upper surface.

Description of drawings

Under the help of view in the accompanying drawings, reading on the basis of describing subsequently that provides by unrestricted way of example, further feature and advantage of the present invention will become obviously, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic side view according to first embodiment of equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front view of the equipment of Fig. 1, has the funnel shown in the cross section;

Fig. 3 illustrates the second embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 illustrates a kind of method of the equipment that uses Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates two kinds of application of the replacement method of the equipment that uses Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 illustrates the third embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 illustrates the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 A-9E illustrates the replacement structure of the discharge orifice of funnel of the present invention;

Figure 10 illustrates the further embodiment of equipment of the present invention.

The specific embodiment

With reference to described view, reference number 1 is indicated the equipment that is used to form ceramic tile or plate according to the present invention on the whole.

According to one embodiment of present invention, described equipment 1 comprises falling upper surface, described surface is conveyer belt 2 in this example, place whole device by 3 indications thereon, this device 3 is used for the mixture of feed powder 33 so that be with 2, drawing the continuous or discontinuous powder belt 100. of generation on shaving system 4, continuously extruded station 5 and the cutting work station 6

The described device that is used for the mixture of feed powder 33 comprises three conduits 32 of the powder 33 that is used for feed different qualities and/or color, the collection surface 31 and the propeller 30 of powder at the example of Fig. 1.

Three conduits 32 have atomized powder 33 by unshowned feed system feed, and each conduit 32 feed has and the different powder 33 of powder color of residue conduit.Replacedly, several conduits 32 can feed have the powder of same color, and perhaps feed has the preform mixture of the powder of different colours, if all conduits comprise the powder of at least two kinds of different colours.

Although feed conduit 32 quantity in illustrative example is three, their quantity can be greater or lesser if desired.

Conduit 32 is supported on the guider 320 respectively slidably perpendicular to the axis of conveyer belt 2.

Powder 33 is deposited on by feed conduit 32 with pre-layout or any-mode and collects on the surface 31.

Be provided with the order of unlatching of different distribution ducts 32 of not shown closing gate valve and time by modification and can control powder 33 and be distributed in the mode of collecting on the surface 31.

For example, can duplicate the plate of the texture type of lithotome by conduit 32 traversing proper level path of advancing above collection surface 31.Yet can use fixing powder feed conduit, conduit is preferred although use movably.

Collecting surface 31 is arranged as basic horizontal and preferably is provided with the relative vertical sidewall 36 that is used to keep powder 33.

Propeller shown in the cross section 30 is collected the surface more than 31 laterally being placed on of two sidewalls 36 in the drawings.

The bottom of propeller 30 and the powder of collecting surface 31 upper surface that falls contacts, and removable between retrieving position and progressive position by known so unshowned device operation.

Propeller 30 moves along the direction of motion with 2 below.

Propeller 30 can be replaced by removable dish 301 (Fig. 7), and this removable dish 301 promotes to be positioned at the powder of collecting on the surface 31 33.

At the free edge of collecting surface 31, also promptly at the opposed edges place, edge that occupies with this propeller 30 when propeller 30 is in retrieving position, have reception by propeller 30 at funnel 34 from its retrieving position to the powder 33 that is promoted its progressive position moves.

Funnel 34 vertically is positioned in this example for on 2 the removable upper surface that falls, install simultaneously that hole 37 is placed near the free edges of collecting surface 31 and discharge orifice 38 be placed on on 2 near this band, yet avoid directly contacting with surface with 2.

Valuably, described funnel 34 shows as prism shape, and it has two opposite faces and is substantially perpendicular to direction of advance with 2, and described the distance " B " with the thickness " S " of the powder belt 100 that is substantially equal to be compacted is placed apart.

Preferably, as shown, funnel 34 has rectangular shape, it has two bigger faces, promptly, front 34a and back 34b, perpendicular to 2 direction of advance, and described the distance " B " with the thickness of the continuous powder belt 100 that is substantially equal to will obtain and will be compacted subsequently is placed apart.

Just less than selecting to exist along the whole width " L " of discharge orifice 38 (Fig. 2) collecting on surface 31 and the size basis of height so that guarantee powder 33 at equipment 1 with the funnel 34 (Fig. 1) of the distance between 2 the advancement of planar.

Be parallel to the width that the distance " L " of direction of advance between those funnel surfaces equals required continuous powder belt 100, height dimension H roughly selects on the basis of funnel width L, and they preferably change from 0.5L to 1.5L from 0.2L to 2L.

According to preferred alternative embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the back 34b of funnel 34 can with leave with between 2 the surface 0 and S (roughly 0 and 3mm between) distance " h1 " place, wherein S is the desired thickness of the powder belt 100 that will be compacted, and front 34a is with the distance location (Fig. 7) of the thickness S of the powder belt 100 that equals to be compacted.

For any thickness S of the powder belt 100 that obtains by identical equipment 1 to be compacted, can make front 34a move so that make can change between the 34a and back 34b in front apart from B along the powder direction of advance.

Alternatively, and ground of equal value, can make back 34b or two faces move.

In further embodiment, front 34a and/or back 34b tilt to leave the position perpendicular to the upper surface that falls, so that obtain the bottom discharge orifice 38 (Fig. 9 A-9D) wideer than upper unit hole 37.

In this way, the distance of measuring at discharge orifice 38 places between the front of funnel 34 34a and back 34b (equaling " B+d ") is greater than the distance of measuring at device 37 places, hole (equaling " B "), yet, should be less than twice in the discharge orifice 38 and the distance between the upper surface that falls in the distance " B+d " at discharge orifice 38 places.

Preferably, discharge orifice 38 be in two between face 34a, the 34b distance and the device 37 places, hole range difference " d " should 0 and 5mm between, more preferably 1 and 3mm between.As the replacement of using the smooth fully funnel 34 of its vertical front 34a and back 34b, funnel surface can make their lower end that limits discharge orifice 38 be configured as to have curvature Ri, Re the radius of (Fig. 9 A), so that make things convenient for powder 33 to discharge from funnel 34 on direction of advance, it is poor therefore to prevent to have the rate of outflow that the funnel 34 on plane can run into.

Point out that the radius of the curvature Ri of front 34a can be from 0 to 2 times of variation of the thickness of the powder belt 100 that will be compacted, and the radius of the curvature Re of back 34b can be from 2 to 4 times of variations of the thickness of the powder belt 100 that will be compacted.

Other structure also is possible, for example shown in Fig. 9 B, the 9C, the curvature of the internal diameter of its mean curvature Ri and the external diameter of curvature Re " backward " shown in Fig. 9 A, thereby mobile on the 34a of the front of funnel 34 slowed down and make the powder 33 that leaves funnel 34 have the rotation of wanting, and do not have excessive distortion.

In further alternative, the end of wherein front 34a of Miao Shuing and back 34b all is configured as on the scheme of the radius with curvature and improves in front, the sweep of front 34a is replaced by roller 41, and this roller 41 rotates on the direction identical with the outflow of powder 33 and has a radius R i (Fig. 9 F).

Described rotation roller 41 extends axially along the whole width L of front 34a, limiting emission hole 38, and be placed to the inner surface that makes its rotary surface be tangential to described front 34a, and leave the distance that equals the thickness S of required powder belt 100 with 2 surface.

Distance " B " at discharge orifice 38 places should be substantially equal to the described thickness " S " of described powder belt 100, makes that powder 33 can be sent to valuably and be with on 2 by roller 41, keeps not changing basically the layout that they have in funnel 34 simultaneously; This advantage is particularly useful when described layout can be given the predetermined expectation graphical appearance of powder belt 100, for example the typical texture of lithotome.

Installations of can dallying of rotation roller 41, feasible when powder 33 by funnel 34 when being with 2, the rotation of roller 41 is caused by the friction of powder 33.

Replacedly, described roller 41 can motorization and be rotated make its circular velocity equal with 2 pace and with 2 pace equidirectional; This can obtain in the following way: roller 41 is connected to independently on the gear motor or via suitable transmission system it is connected to on 2 the drive member.

Secondly, the roller 41 of rotation can be braked, also promptly be associated and make its rate of outflow also therefore slow down with respect to speed with 2 with respect to powder 33 in funnel 34 with brake apparatus. last, in the further embodiment of the present invention, the direction of advance of the powder belt 100 that the central plane of funnel 34 can will be compacted relatively with predetermined inclination " α " tilt (Fig. 9 D).

Present embodiment is useful especially be described central plane on the direction of advance of powder belt 100 from the top downwards also promptly with reverse caster degree " α " conveyer belt 2 tilt (Fig. 9 E) relatively.

In this case, the actual weight of powder 33 only acts on the 34b of back basically in funnel 34, so that reduce to be positioned at the mixing of the powder bed at 34a place, front valuably, above-mentioned powder bed is the powder bed that limits the top visible part that leaves powder belt 100.

Therefore, when described powder bed is placed on predetermined arrangement in the funnel 34 to provide when being with 100 required graphical appearances (for example natural stone texture), this embodiment makes them to be delivered to and is with on 2, prevents their excessive deformation simultaneously.In operation, with reference to Fig. 1, the feed conduit that is used for the suitable manipulation of powder 33 is included in their powder 33 to collecting surface 31, so that duplicate the texture of expectation by gravity sedimentation.When powder 33 has been deposited on the surface 31, propeller 30 is driven into its progressive position from its retrieving position, so that promote powder 33 heaps towards the funnel 34 that vertically is placed on 2 tops, the new device that returns its retrieving position then and make it possible to be used for powder 33 circulates.

Powder 33 piles up when arriving in the funnel 34 by gravity and little by little makes progress towards discharge orifice 38 sedimentations from its bottom.

Because distance between the surface of discharge orifice 38 and conveyer belt 2 equals the thickness " S " of the powder belt 100 that will be deposited, the part of powder 33 heaps that initially fall directly is deposited on to be with on 2, and it represents the upper surface that falls of powder 33 in this case.

When funnel 34 is filled, make and advance along the direction of advance of indicating by arrow in the drawings with 2, therefore make funnel 34 become empty.

Aforementioned operation can discontinuous (Fig. 4,6) or continuous (Fig. 1,5,7) be carried out, and this back one pattern increases the productivity ratio of equipment 1.

In other words, powder 33 heaps of successive sedimentation in funnel 34 duplicate the plate of lithotome by its volume, are positioned at vertically perpendicular to on 2 the direction.In fact be with on 2 by being gravitationally deposited in the tape travel process by this plate of continuous powder belt 100 expressions, maintain the layout of the previous acquisition of powder 33 in the funnel 34 simultaneously.

Preferably, in the downstream of tape travel direction upper hopper 34, place and draw shaving system 4, it comprises the usual device 40 of the upper surface that is used for scraping powder belt 100.

Schematically illustrate but, give prominence to the layout and the contrast of the different colours powder of existence in powder belt 100 by this because its described extraction system 4 that to be known type not have describes in detail makes the thin list surface layer of powder from being with 100 removals.Being arrived then by the powder belt 100 with 2 guiding also is the continuous extrusion position 5 of known type.Described extrusion position 5 comprises the compaction band 50 that is placed on conveyer belt 2 tops so that compacted powder band 100 and obtain the article of continuous compacting.

Basically, compacting occur in conveyer belt 2 the surface and above the surface of parallel compaction band 50 between.Powder belt 100 is with on 2 by being parallel to storing apparatus to be provided and to be remained on by side direction in side direction with 2 direction of advance, and above-mentioned storing apparatus is that two side direction are held wall 35 in this example, and in the drawings as seen these two side direction only hold in the wall 35 one.Obtain and hold the preferred terminal points that extend as far as compacting of wall 35.

The enough acquisitions of compacting that produce by compaction band 50 do not need the compacting article of further compacting, yet in some cases, compacting forms and is intended to be used for the pre-compacted article of handling or handling of final compacting subsequently.

When the compacting terminal point, article are divided into the plate of preliminary dimension in cutting work station 6 by usual cutter sweep.In the example of explanation, described cutting work station 6 comprises and is used for two rotating blades 60 cutting on perpendicular to the direction with 2 direction of advance, and further at least two rotating blades 61, wherein only in the drawings as seen a rotating blade 61 is used for the article of cutting compacting on 2 direction of advance.

Preferably, the equipment 1 of description is by the unshowned processor management of control operation.

According to alternative embodiment, equipment 1 can be provided for to the dual system of funnel 34 feed (Fig. 3).

Basically, the device hole of funnel 34 37 1 sides have another collect surface 31 ', also be provided be used for powder 33 ' feed conduit 32 ' and propeller 30 ', they with described those are identical, and be positioned at symmetrical position around the axis of funnel 34.

Have two feeders 3 and 3 ', the operation of two devices can produce continuous powder belt 100 on 2 synchronously, has therefore improved from the continuity of the powder discharge of funnel 34.

According to further replacement preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, feeder 3 except in Fig. 1, illustrated those also comprise powder unit funnel 322 and feed conveyer belt 321.In the practice, all drop on the feed conveyer belt 321 that approximate horizontal arranges from the powder of the basic colors of powder unit funnel 322 with from the powder of the different qualities of conduit 32 origins and/or color, the path of Bu Zhiing is controlled by unshowned suitable electronic control system in advance.

Feed band 321 discharges with the pre-powder that installs of this mode to the collection surface 31 of powder 33.

Feed band 321 can be fixed on a position, perhaps with the stroke of propeller 30 (perhaps asynchronous) synchronously.

Preferably, equipment 1 provide the second feed system 3 ', it is similar to the system of front and the symmetric arrangement (Fig. 7) with it around the vertical symmetry plane by funnel 34 on the whole.

In addition, the device 400 with a plurality of pipelines just in time is placed on the device hole of funnel 34 more than 37, as shown in Figure 7.This 400 directly drains in the funnel 34 and does not pass through feed band 321 or propeller 30 (or coiling 301), obtains further effect, particularly compares with pile of grounds very thin (carefully) and tangible layer and texture.

The method and apparatus that is used to form ceramic tile of the present invention and plate also can be used in powder bed 100 ' be deposited on the surface of continuous monochromatic substrate 200 (Fig. 5), and aforesaid substrate 200 uses on the whole the device by the known technologies of 7 and 8 indications formerly to obtain.

The described device of known technology comprises for example discharge tube 7, funnel 70, is used to adjust the level(l)ing rod 72 of described substrate 200 thickness and arrange the possible station 80 of the compacting a little that material is provided, so as to avoid substrate 200 and powder bed 100 ' possible " mixing again ".

Do not extend through the integral body of soleplate in this way by method and apparatus 1 obtainable grain effect of the present invention, but only by surface portion, obtain the saving of color powder, these color powder are more expensive than baseplate material.

Basically, the mixture that leaves the powder 33 of funnel discharge nozzle 38 arrives on the substrate 200, and this substrate 200 is represented the upper surface that falls of powder 33 under this second kind of situation.

Further alternative is shown in Figure 6, wherein is present in powder in the funnel and is deposited on discontinuously before on the brick 201 that is formed by the first discontinuous extrusion system 300.Surface powder layer 100 ' afterwards, brick 201 is sent to second extrusion system by roller 303 applying, for example discontinuous extrusion system 302 (Fig. 6).

In this case, with the same in other discontinuous operation, advantageously for funnel 34 provides unshowned gate valve, this gate valve when in case of necessity can be closed in case prevent when brick not the time outflow of powder 33 when discharge orifice 38 is following.

In example shown in Figure 10, device dish 250 is used as upper surface, this device dish with 340 follow the supports that move back and forth to slide to be associated surfacewise so that deposition is from the powder bed 120 of funnel 34 withdrawals chamber 320 in, this powder bed 120 is by the usual device compacting such as drift 350.

Support 250 is of a size of the powder bed 120 that allows device and has the thickness S that equals between face 34a, the b of funnel 34 apart from B.

In this case, can avoid the use of suitable gate valve, even by this also can closed row discharge hole 38. when powder bed 120 is deposited into progressive position in the chamber 320 when being in by replace using the closure plate 330 that extends from support 250 rear portions

According to the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, (front 34a or back 34b) can be made of the vertical component of the circulation movable belt 39 that passes through around three rollers one of in the face of funnel 34, so that carry discharging material thereon to be similar to the mode of having described.

Preferably, be substantially equal to speed with 39 circular velocity with 2.

Replacedly, be with 39 can make them be deposited on the surface of the powder 100 that will be compacted with becoming block of material to be conveyed in the funnel 34.

Describe and to make described demand to satisfy by obvious method and apparatus of the present invention from the front, overcome simultaneously with reference to known technology those shortcomings in the introductory section statement of this specification.

Aspect this, method and apparatus of the present invention makes the porcelain plate of expectation thickness can be formed with the whole decorative pattern that duplicates natural stone texture continuously.

And described method and relevant device make the texture that forms in the mixture of powders that exists in funnel to be sent on the porcelain plate fast and effectively.

In addition, the mixture of powders distribution that remains in the funnel is used to form the powder belt that will be compacted.

Claims

1. a method that forms ceramic tile or plate comprises the steps:

-powder (33) mixture that will have different qualities and/or a color is fed to the funnel (34) with rectangular shape, and described funnel (34) has device hole (37) and the discharge orifice (38) that limits between front (34a) at funnel and back (34b);

The band (100, the 100 ') of-powder (33) that will exist in funnel (34) by described discharge orifice (38) deposits on the upper surface that falls (2,200,250) that is positioned at the below that advances along direction of advance;

-described band has width and the thickness identical with the discharge orifice (38) of funnel;

The described powder belt of-compacting (5) (100,100 '),

It is characterized in that described compacting occurs on the upper surface (2,200,250).

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, feed powder (33) mixture comprises the steps: to the step of funnel (34)

-prepare to collect surperficial (31);

-to arrange in advance and/or any-mode is collected powder or mixture of powders that the deposition different qualities is gone up on surface (31) described, go up and produce a plurality of zones collecting surface (31) thus with described powder or mixture of powders,

-promote to go up the powder that exists by propeller (30) to enter in the funnel (34) on collection surface (31).

3. equipment (1) that is used for arranging in advance the powder (33) that is used to form ceramic tile or plate comprising:

-be used for the feeder (3) of the powder (33) that feed has different qualities and/or color;

The funnel of-rectangular shape (34), it has device hole (37) and the discharge orifice (38) that limits between front (34a) at funnel and back (34b), is used to hold the described powder (33) from feeder (3) arrival;

-removable the upper surface (2,200,250) that falls of being placed on described funnel discharge orifice (38) below for set a distance S with the bottom of distance front (34a) is so that receive from the powder (33) of described discharge orifice (38) discharging and be that the form of the powder belt (100,100 ') of S advances powder (33) along direction of advance with the thickness that will be compacted;

-be used for the device (5) of the described powder belt of compacting (100,100 '),

It is characterized in that the described device (5) that is used for compacting is placed on and describedly falls more than the upper surface (2,200,250).

4. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the lower end of described funnel back (34b) with 0 and S between the distance upper surface that apart falls place.

5. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that, described front (34a) and/or back (34b) are removable along the direction of advance of powder belt (100,100 '), so that make the distance (B) between described front (34a) and back (34b) to change.

6. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described front (34a) and/or back (34b) tilts to leave position perpendicular to the upper surface that falls (2,200), makes the size of bottom discharge orifice (38) greater than upper unit hole (37).

7. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the lower end of described front (34a) and/or back (34b) is configured as the have curvature radius of (Ri, Re), makes things convenient for powder on direction of advance (33) to discharge from funnel (34) thus.

8. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that, the lower end of back (34b) is configured as the have curvature radius of (Re), rotation roller (41) is associated with the lower end of front (34a), this rotation roller (41) extends axially and places the inner surface that makes its rotary surface be tangential to front (34a) along the whole width of described front (34a), and leaves the distance that upper surface (2,200) equals S.

9. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) idle running is installed, and is rotated by the friction of powder (33) when funnel (34) passes through to upper surface (2,200) gradually when powder (33).

10. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) motorization, and its circular velocity is substantially equal to the pace of the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls.

11. equipment as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described rotation roller (41) is subjected to braking and makes the pace of its circular velocity less than the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls.

12. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the central plane by described funnel (34) shows predetermined inclination (α) with respect to the direction of advance of the powder belt that will be compacted (100,100 ').

13. equipment as claimed in claim 12 (1) is characterized in that, described hopper centre plane on the direction of advance of the powder belt that will be compacted (100) from top downward.

14. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the front (34a) of funnel (34) or back (34b) are made of circulation movable belt (39).

15. equipment as claimed in claim 14 (1) is characterized in that, described movable belt (39) will become the block of material transmission to enter in the funnel (34), make them become on the surface that is arranged in the powder belt (100,100 ') that will be compacted.

16. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described removable powder upper surface that falls comprises conveyer belt (2).

17. equipment as claimed in claim 16 (1) is characterized in that, described movable surface is the surface of conveyer belt (2).

18. equipment as claimed in claim 17 (1) is characterized in that, described powder falls upper surface by described lip-deep continuous substrate (200) formation that is parked in conveyer belt (2).

19. equipment as claimed in claim 17 (1) is characterized in that, described powder falls upper surface by described lip-deep brick (201) formation that is parked in conveyer belt (2).

20. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described removable powder upper surface that falls comprises device dish (250), its surfacewise (340) slide with reciprocating motion so that powder bed (120) is deposited in the chamber (320).

21. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1), it is characterized in that described feeder (3) comprises that a plurality of feed conduits (32) that are used for described powder (33), the collection surface that is used for described powder (33) that is placed on feed conduit (32) below are conveyed into funnel (34) interior thrust unit (30,301) from collecting surface (31) with powder with being used for.

22. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described feed conduit (32) is movably.

23. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described powder collection surface (31) lies in a horizontal plane in removable upper surface (2, the 200) top that falls with the distance (H) bigger than the height of funnel (34).

24. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described thrust unit comprises removable dish (301).

25. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described thrust unit comprises removable propeller (30).

26. equipment as claimed in claim 25 (1), it is characterized in that, described propeller (30) is removable between retrieving position and progressive position, when propeller from its retrieving position when its progressive position moves, go up powder (33) heap that exists and transmit and enter in the funnel (34) collecting surface (31).

27. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) vertically is positioned on the removable upper surface (2) that falls, and place near collecting surface (31) in its device hole (37).

28. equipment as claimed in claim 21 (1) is characterized in that, described feeder (3) further comprises and is placed on the described a plurality of feed conduits (32) that are used for described powder (33) and the feed band (321) between the described powder collection surface (31).

29. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described feeder (3) comprises having the head (400) that is used for powder (33) feed is gone into a plurality of pipelines in the funnel (34).

30. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) has rectangular shape, and two bigger face is consistent with front (34a) and back (34b).

31. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described funnel (34) has width (L) on the direction perpendicular to the direction of advance of the removable upper surface (2,200) that falls, and this width (L) equals the corresponding brick that will form or the width of plate at least.

32. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described device that is used for compacted powder band (100,100 ') comprises continuously extruded station (5).

33. equipment as claimed in claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, the described device that is used for compacted powder band (100,100 ') comprises discontinuous extrusion system (5).