CN1885850B - 无线局域网通信模块和集成电路封装体 - Google Patents

无线局域网通信模块和集成电路封装体 Download PDF

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CN1885850B
CN1885850B CN2006100835020A CN200610083502A CN1885850B CN 1885850 B CN1885850 B CN 1885850B CN 2006100835020 A CN2006100835020 A CN 2006100835020A CN 200610083502 A CN200610083502 A CN 200610083502A CN 1885850 B CN1885850 B CN 1885850B
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CN1885850A (zh
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埃里克·B·加诺夫斯盖
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Mawier International Trade Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无线射频(RF)模块,其包括:用于接收第一RF信号和发射第二RF信号的天线;包含用于基于第一RF信号产生第一数字数据的接收电路和用于基于第二数字数据产生第二RF信号的发射电路的通信电路;用于向主机提供第一数字数据并且从主机接收第二数字数据的主机接口;用于从外部天线接收第一RF信号和向外部天线发射第二RF信号的外部天线接口;以及用于根据控制信号为第一和第二RF信号提供在通信电路和天线与外部天线接口之一之间的信号路径的至少一个开关。

Description

无线局域网通信模块和集成电路封装体
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及用于无线通信的器件。更具体而言,本发明涉及无线局域网通信模块和集成电路封装。 
发明内容
根据本发明一个方面,提供了一种集成电路封装体,其包括:至少一个包括无线局域网通信电路的集成电路,其中所述无线局域网通信电路包括用于基于第一正交频分复用(OFDM)信号来产生第一数字数据的OFDM解调器和用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二OFDM信号的OFDM调制器;电耦合到所述至少一个集成电路的封装基板;以及热耦合到所述至少一个集成电路的散热片,该散热片包括用来接收第一OFDM信号和发射第二OFDM信号的天线,该天线电耦合到无线局域网通信电路。 
另外,所述至少一个集成电路可以包括第一集成电路和第二集成电路,其中第一集成电路包含媒体访问控制器和基带电路,而第二集成电路包含物理层器件。 
此外,所述无线通信电路可以包括接收电路和发射电路,其中接收电路用于基于所述天线接收到的第一RF信号来产生第一基带信号,而发射电路用于基于第二基带信号来产生第二RF信号,其中所述第二RF信号由所述天线发射。其中所述第一基带信号包含第一数字数据,而所述第二基带信号包含第二数字数据。 
此外,在所述集成电路封装中,所述天线的长度是所述第一和第二RF信号的波长的普通分数。 
所述无线通信电路遵循从以下群组中选出的至少一个标准,所述群组包括:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20。 
根据本发明第二方面,还提供了一种包含上述集成电路封装的倒芯片球状栅格阵列封装。 
附图说明
图1示出根据优选实施例连接到诸如个人计算机之类主机的WLAN通信模块。 
图2示出根据优选实施例的包含用于连接外部天线的外部天线接口的WLAN通信模块。 
图3示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线的散热片(heat sink)的集成电路封装。 
图4示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线的散热片的集成电路封装的方法。 
图5示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线的中间基板(intermediatesubstrate)的集成电路封装。 
图6示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线的中间基板的集成电路封装的方法。 
图7示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线的封装基板(packagesubstrate)的集成电路封装。 
图8示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线的封装基板的集成电路封装的方法。 
图9示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线的罩子(case)的集成电路封装。 
图10示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线的罩子的集成电路封装的方法。 
在说明书中使用的每个标号的第一位指示该标号首次出现的附图的图号。 
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例包括包含主机接口的无线局域网(WLAN)通信模 块,例如正交频分复用(OFDM)通信模块。该模块例如可被制成与膝上型计算机一起使用的PC卡。该模块的其他实施例采用其他实现方式。 
图1示出根据优选实施例连接到主机104(例如个人计算机)的WLAN通信模块102。模块102包含用于接收射频(RF)信号108和发射RF信号110的天线106、通信电路112以及用于与主机104通信的主机接口114,这些元件优选地被布置在印制电路板上。 
通信电路112包含用于基于RF信号108产生数字数据128的接收电路116,以及用于基于通过主机接口114接收自主机104的数字数据130来产生RF信号110的发射电路118。通信电路112通过主机接口114向主机104提供数字数据128。接收电路116优选地包括根据公知技术工作的媒体访问控制器和基带(MAC/BB)接收电路120和物理层器件(PHY)接收电路122。发射电路118优选地包括根据公知技术工作的MAC/BB发射电路124和PHY发射电路126。在某些实施例中,模块102遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。在某些实施例中,通信电路包括用在无线LAN中的OFDM解调器和OFDM调制器。 
图2示出根据优选实施例的包含用于连接外部天线的外部天线接口204的WLAN通信模块202。模块202的元件106-130如以上针对图1的通信模块102所描述的。但是,模块202还包括外部天线接口204、开关206和诸如寄存器208之类的可选存储器。外部天线接口204可被实现为允许外部天线212连接到模块202的连接器。开关206根据控制信号210为RF信号108、110提供在通信电路112和天线106或外部天线接口204之间的信号路径。控制信号210可以任意多种方式生成。例如,控制信号210可由主机104通过主机接口114直接提供到开关206,可作为标志存储在可选寄存器208中,或者可在检测外部天线212时由天线接口204提供。在某些实施例中,模块202遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。 
在某些实施例中,主机接口114遵循从以下群组中选出的至少一种规范,所述群组包含:外围组件互连(PCI);PCI Express;Mini PCI;PC卡;通用串行总线;以及Firewire。其他实施例的主机接口114采用其他规范。 
本发明的实施例包括集成电路封装和形成该集成电路封装的方法,其中集成电路封装包含优选地以倒芯片球状栅格阵列(FCBGA)形式实现的至少一个集成电路和天线。在FCBGA中,集成电路一般经由焊球连接到封装基板。封装基板通过封装下侧的焊球耦合到电路板。集成电路封装的实施例在通信模块的实施例中可被用于在其中安装通信电路。 
图3示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线315的散热片322的集成电路封装300。集成电路封装300优选地是可以通过散热片322散热的FCBGA。另外,集成电路封装300的热路径从电路板延伸出去,以减少电路板上的热负载。但是,虽然本发明的实施例是依照FCBGA来描述的,但是本发明的实施例并不局限于FCBGA,而是可以利用当前已有或待开发的任意其他集成电路封装技术来实现。 
散热片322包含一个或多个天线315,天线315可以附接在散热片322的表面上,也可以形成在散热片322内部。在某些实施例中,散热片322就是天线。为了适应散热片322的尺寸强加的尺寸限制,天线315可以具有这样的长度,该长度是由天线315发射和接收的信号的波长的普通分数。如相关领域所公知的,普通分数是通过一个整数除以一个非零整数形成的。 
集成电路封装300包括被配置用于倒芯片安装的集成电路312。集成电路312优选地包含用于通过天线315发射和/或接收数据的通信电路。例如,集成电路312可以包括包含接收电路和发射电路的通信电路,所述接收电路用于基于天线315接收到的第一RF信号来产生第一数字数据,而所述发射电路用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二RF信号,其中第二RF信号由天线315发射出去。所述通信电路可以包括电连接到天线315的物理层器件(PHY)和媒体访问控制器/基带电路(MAC/BB)。该通信电路优选地遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、 802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。在某些实施例中,该通信电路包括用在无线LAN中的OFDM解调器和OFDM调制器。 
集成电路312的第一表面316经由导电块318电连接到封装基板326。导电块318可以由任意导电材料构成,例如Pb/Sn焊料、Au、Ag、Au与Ag合金以及带金属涂层的聚合突出物。另外,形成在导电块318之间的环氧树脂或其他合适材料可被用作导电块318的填埋材料,以提供机械支持和防潮。集成电路312可利用任意倒装芯片兼容的连结方法被附接到封装基板326,所述连结方法例如是热压缩、焊接、密封和粘接。 
集成电路312的另一表面320被附接到散热片322,以将热量从集成电路312耦合出去。散热片322可以由任意导热材料制成,例如铜和导热塑料。集成电路312可以通过任意对集成电路312不隔热的附接项目324附接到散热片322,该附接项目324例如是粘合剂、焊料和压装,所述压装是通过向集成电路312的第一表面或封装基板326施加机械力来实现附接的。例如,导热环氧树脂可被用作附接项目324。 
封装基板326可以由任意适于球状栅格阵列安装到诸如电路板或基板之类器件的基板材料制成。多个导电块330被提供,以用于将集成电路封装300连接到电路板等等。 
根据本发明的实施例,集成电路封装300中的集成电路312的数目不局限于1。在单个集成电路封装300中可以实现任意数目的集成电路312,以构成多芯片模块(MCM)。例如,集成电路封装300可以包括两个集成电路312,其中一个集成电路312包括MAC/BB,而另一个集成电路312包括PHY。 
图4示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线315的散热片322的集成电路封装300的方法400。方法400包括:提供至少一个在第一表面上具有导线分布图(conductor pattern)的集成电路312,其中集成电路312包含无线通信电路(步骤402);将集成电路312上的导线分布图经由一组导电块318电耦合到封装基板326(步骤404);提供包含天线315的散热片322(步骤406);将天线315电耦合到无线通信电路(步骤 408);以及将集成电路312的第二表面320热耦合到散热片322(步骤410)。 
图5示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线515的中间基板514的集成电路封装500。集成电路封装500优选地是经修改的FCBGA,它可以可选地通过添加可选的散热片522来以低得多的成本散去与传统倒芯片封装几乎相同量的热量。另外,集成电路封装500的热路径从电路板延伸出去,以减少电路板上的热负载。但是,虽然本发明的实施例是依照FCBGA来描述的,但是本发明的实施例并不局限于FCBGA,而是可以利用当前已有或待开发的任意其他集成电路封装技术来实现。 
集成电路封装500包括针对倒芯片安装配置的集成电路512,该集成电路512被附接到包含一个或多个天线515的中间基板514,所述天线515例如可以通过蚀刻中间基板514来形成。为了适应由中间基板514的尺寸强加的尺寸限制,天线515可以具有这样的长度,该长度是由天线515发射和接收的信号的波长的普通分数。 
集成电路512优选地包含用于通过天线515来发射和/或接收数据的通信电路。例如,集成电路512可以包括包含接收电路和发射电路的通信电路,所述接收电路用于基于天线515接收到的第一RF信号来产生第一数字数据,而所述发射电路用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二RF信号,其中第二RF信号由天线515发射出去。所述通信电路可以包括电连接到天线515的物理层器件(PHY)和媒体访问控制器/基带电路(MAC/BB)。该通信电路优选地遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。在某些实施例中,该通信电路包括用在无线LAN中的OFDM解调器和OFDM调制器。 
集成电路512的第一表面516经由导电块518电连接到中间基板514。导电块518可以由任意导电材料构成,例如Pb/Sn焊料、Au、Ag、Au与Ag合金以及带金属涂层的聚合突出物。另外,形成在导电块518之间的环氧树脂或其他合适材料可被用作导电块518的填埋材料,以提供机械支持和防潮。集成电路512可利用任意倒装芯片兼容的连结方法被附接 到中间基板514,所述连结方法例如是热压缩、焊接、密封和粘接。 
在某些实施例中,集成电路512的另一表面520被附接到可选的散热片522,散热片522用于将热量从集成电路512耦合出去。散热片522可以由任意导热材料制成,例如铜和导热塑料。集成电路512可以通过任意对集成电路512不隔热的附接项目524附接到散热片522,该附接项目524例如是粘合剂、焊料和压装,所述压装是通过向集成电路512的第一表面或中间基板514施加机械力来实现附接的。例如,导热环氧树脂可被用作附接项目524。 
中间基板514可以经由若干连结导线528被电连接到封装基板526上的导体。中间基板514将集成电路512的倒芯片安装转换成线接安装,从而组合和超越了FCBGA和PBGA的优点。类似于FCBGA,集成电路封装500为在集成电路512中生成的热量提供了一条低电阻热路径,从而可以适应功率散失。另外,集成电路封装500的热路径从封装基板526延伸到散热片522,从而减少了集成电路封装500连接到的电路板或电路基板的热负载。而且,该集成电路封装可以采用像用于PBGA封装的基板一样便宜的基板。另外,使用中间基板514减小了连接用于附接连结导线528的导线器件上的线间距需求。 
封装基板526可以由任意适于球状栅格阵列安装到诸如电路板或基板之类器件的基板材料制成。另外,诸如环氧树脂或其他合适的材料的支撑层525可被插入在中间基板514和封装基板526之间,以提供额外机械支撑。多个导电块530被提供以用于将集成电路封装500连接到电路板等等。 
根据本发明的实施例,集成电路封装500中的集成电路512的数目并不局限于1。在单个集成电路封装500中可以实现任意数目的集成电路512,以构成多芯片模块(MCM)。例如,集成电路封装500可以包括两个集成电路512,其中一个集成电路512包括MAC/BB,而另一个集成电路512包括PHY。此外,虽然本发明的实施例是依照FCBGA来描述的,但是本发明的实施例并不局限于FCBGA,而是可以利用当前已有或待开发的任意其他集成电路封装技术来实现。 
图6示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线515的中间基板514的集成电路封装500的方法600。方法600包括:提供至少一个在第一表面上具有导线分布图的集成电路512,其中集成电路512包含无线通信电路(步骤602);提供包含天线515的中间基板514(步骤604);将天线515电耦合到无线通信电路(步骤606);将集成电路512上的导线分布图经由一组导电块518电耦合到中间基板514(步骤608);以及经由多个连结导线528将中间基板514电耦合到封装基板526的表面(步骤610)。 
图7示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线715的封装基板726的集成电路封装700。集成电路封装700优选地是FCBGA。但是,虽然本发明的实施例是依照FCBGA来描述的,但是本发明的实施例并不局限于FCBGA,而是可以利用当前已有或待开发的任意其他集成电路封装技术来实现。 
封装基板726包含一个或多个天线715,天线715可附接在封装基板726的表面上,也可以形成在封装基板726内部。为了适应封装基板726的尺寸强加的尺寸限制,天线715可以具有这样的长度,该长度是由天线715发射和接收的信号的波长的普通分数。如相关领域所公知的,普通分数是通过一个整数除以一个非零整数形成的。 
集成电路封装700包括针对倒芯片安装配置而成的集成电路712。集成电路712优选地包括用于经由天线715发射和/或接收数据的通信电路。例如,集成电路712可以包括包含接收电路和发射电路的通信电路,所述接收电路用于基于天线715接收到的第一RF信号来产生第一数字数据,而所述发射电路用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二RF信号,其中第二RF信号由天线715发射出去。所述通信电路可以包括电连接到天线715的物理层器件(PHY)和媒体访问控制器/基带电路(MAC/BB)。该通信电路优选地遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。在某些实施例中,该通信电路包括用在无线LAN中的OFDM解调器和OFDM调制器。 
集成电路712的第一表面716经由导电块718电连接到封装基板726。导电块718可以由任意导电材料构成,例如Pb/Sn焊料、Au、Ag、Au与Ag合金以及带金属涂层的聚合突出物。另外,形成在导电块718之间的环氧树脂或其他合适材料可被用作导电块718的填埋材料,以提供机械支持和防潮。集成电路712可利用任意倒装芯片兼容的连结方法被附接到封装基板726,所述连结方法例如是热压缩、焊接、密封和粘接。 
集成电路712的另一表面720被可选地附接到散热片722,以将热量从集成电路712耦合出去。可选的散热片722可以由任意导热材料制成,例如铜和导热塑料。集成电路712可以通过任意对集成电路712不隔热的附接项目724附接到散热片722,该附接项目724例如是粘合剂、焊料和压装,所述压装是通过向集成电路712的第一表面或封装基板726施加机械力来实现附接的。例如,导热环氧树脂可被用作附接项目724。 
封装基板726可以由任意适于球状栅格阵列安装到诸如电路板或基板之类器件的基板材料制成。多个导电块730被提供,以用于将集成电路封装700连接到电路板等等。 
根据本发明的实施例,集成电路封装700中的集成电路712的数目不局限于1。在单个集成电路封装700中可以实现任意数目的集成电路712,以构成多芯片模块(MCM)。例如,集成电路封装700可以包括两个集成电路712,其中一个集成电路712包括MAC/BB,而另一个集成电路712包括PHY。 
图8示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线715的封装基板726的集成电路封装700的方法800。方法800包括:提供至少一个在第一表面上具有导线分布图的集成电路712,其中集成电路712包含无线通信电路(步骤802);将集成电路712上的导线分布图经由一组导电块718电耦合到封装基板726(步骤804);提供可选的散热片722(步骤806);将天线715电耦合到无线通信电路(步骤808);以及可选地将集成电路712的第二表面720热耦合到可选的散热片722(步骤810)。 
图9示出根据优选实施例的包括包含天线915的罩子922的集成电路封装900。罩子922可以由塑料、陶瓷或相关领域公知的任意其他材料制 成。集成电路封装900优选地是FCBGA。但是,虽然本发明的实施例是依照FCBGA来描述的,但是本发明的实施例并不局限于FCBGA,而是可以利用当前已有或待开发的任意其他集成电路封装技术来实现。 
罩子922包含一个或多个天线915,天线915可附接在罩子922的表面上,也可以形成在罩子922内部。为了适应罩子922的尺寸强加的尺寸限制,天线915可以具有这样的长度,该长度是由天线915发射和接收的信号的波长的普通分数。如相关领域所公知的,普通分数是通过一个整数除以一个非零整数形成的。 
集成电路封装900包括针对倒芯片安装配置而成的集成电路912。集成电路912优选地包括用于经由天线915发射和/或接收数据的通信电路。例如,集成电路912可以包括包含接收电路和发射电路的通信电路,所述接收电路用于基于天线915接收到的第一RF信号来产生第一数字数据,而所述发射电路用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二RF信号,其中第二RF信号由天线915发射出去。所述通信电路可以包括电连接到天线915的物理层器件(PHY)和媒体访问控制器/基带电路(MAC/BB)。该通信电路优选地遵循以下标准中的一个或多个:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20、其他地区或国家标准等等。在某些实施例中,该通信电路包括用在无线LAN中的OFDM解调器和OFDM调制器。 
集成电路912的第一表面916经由导电块918电连接到封装基板926。导电块918可以由任意导电材料构成,例如Pb/Sn焊料、Au、Ag、Au与Ag合金以及带金属涂层的聚合突出物。另外,形成在导电块918之间的环氧树脂或其他合适材料可被用作导电块918的填埋材料,以提供机械支持和防潮。集成电路912可利用任意倒装芯片兼容的连结方法被附接到封装基板926,所述连结方法例如是热压缩、焊接、密封和粘接。 
封装基板926可以由任意适于球状栅格阵列安装到诸如电路板或基板之类器件的基板材料制成。多个导电块930被提供,以用于将集成电路封装900连接到电路板等等。 
集成电路封装900中的集成电路912的数目不局限于1。在单个集成 电路封装900中可以实现任意数目的集成电路912,以构成多芯片模块(MCM)。例如,集成电路封装900可以包括两个集成电路912,其中一个集成电路912包括MAC/BB,而另一个集成电路912包括PHY。 
图10示出根据优选实施例的用于制造包括包含天线915的罩子922的集成电路封装900的方法1000。方法1000包括:提供至少一个在第一表面上具有导线分布图的集成电路912,其中集成电路912包含无线通信电路(步骤1002);将集成电路912上的导线分布图经由一组导电块918电耦合到封装基板926(步骤1004);提供包含天线915的罩子922(步骤1006);将天线915电耦合到无线通信电路(步骤1008);以及将集成电路912罩在罩子922中(步骤1010)。 
本发明的多个实现方式已被描述。然而,将会理解,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以执行各种修改。因此,其他实现方式也在所附权利要求书的范围内。 

Claims (7)

1.一种集成电路封装体,包括:
至少一个包括无线局域网通信电路的集成电路,其中所述无线局域网通信电路包含:
正交频分复用解调器,用于基于第一正交频分复用信号来产生第一数字数据,以及
正交频分复用调制器,用于基于第二数字数据来产生第二正交频分复用信号;
适合于安装到电路板上并且经由导电块电耦合到所述至少一个集成电路的第一表面的封装基板;以及
热耦合到所述封装基板并且热耦合到所述至少一个集成电路的第二表面的散热片,所述第二表面与所述第一表面相对,使得所述至少一个集成电路位于所述封装基板和所述散热片之间,并且使得所述集成电路的热路径从所述电路板延伸出去,所述散热片包括用来接收所述第一正交频分复用信号和发射所述第二正交频分复用信号的天线,所述天线形成在所述散热片内,所述天线电耦合到所述无线局域网通信电路。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的集成电路封装体,包括倒芯片球状栅格阵列封装体。
3.如权利要求1所述的集成电路封装体,其中所述至少一个集成电路包括:
包含媒体访问控制器和基带电路的第一集成电路;以及
包含物理层器件的第二集成电路。
4.如权利要求1所述的集成电路封装体,其中所述无线局域网通信电路包括:
接收电路,用于基于所述天线接收到的第一射频信号来产生第一基带信号;以及
发射电路,用于基于第二基带信号来产生第二射频信号,其中所述第二射频信号由所述天线发射。
5.如权利要求4所述的集成电路封装体:
其中所述第一基带信号包含第一数字数据;并且
其中所述第二基带信号包含第二数字数据。
6.如权利要求4所述的集成电路封装体:
其中所述天线的长度除以所述第一射频信号或所述第二射频信号的波长等于普通分数。
7.如权利要求1所述的集成电路封装体,其中所述无线局域网通信电路遵循从以下群组中选出的至少一个标准,所述群组包括:IEEE标准802.11、802.11a、802.11b、802.11g、802.11n、802.16和802.20。
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