CN1884061A - Process for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon and dedicated device therefor - Google Patents
Process for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon and dedicated device therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1884061A CN1884061A CN 200610052331 CN200610052331A CN1884061A CN 1884061 A CN1884061 A CN 1884061A CN 200610052331 CN200610052331 CN 200610052331 CN 200610052331 A CN200610052331 A CN 200610052331A CN 1884061 A CN1884061 A CN 1884061A
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- -1 charing Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparing method and specific equipment of bamboo activated-carbon, which comprises the following steps: grinding; carbonizing continuously in the multi-pipe retort at 550-750 deg.c for 1-4 h; activating continuously in the retort at 800-950 deg.c for 48-72 h; pickling; bleaching; dehydrating; drying. The retort possesses stove base, furnace, several carbonizing pipes in the furnace vertically, feeder inlet on the top of retort, discharge device on the lower end, which is divided into preheating segment, carbonizing segment and cooling segment, wherein the retorting furnace contains furnace, heat-reserving chamber, chimney with furnace and heat-reserving chamber displaying left and right symmetrical structure; the furnace is separated into left and right half-furnaces by baffle; the heat-reserving chamber is divided into left and right two heat-reserving half-chamber correspondingly; the steam injecting pipe is set on the bottom of heat-reserving half-chamber; the vertical activating band is set in the furnace with several up-to-down carbonizing material channel and transverse gas flux to connect carbonizing material channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and specific equipment thereof of activated carbon from bamboo, is that a kind of Zhi Gan with bamboo, branch etc. are the feedstock production process of active carbon and serve as charring furnace and the activation furnace of realizing that this method was adopted specifically.
Background technology
Gac is the superior adsorbent with flourishing pore texture, huge specific surface area and adsorptive power, and its stable in properties is not dissolved in water and organic solvent, and the energy acid and alkali-resistance uses the back of losing efficacy to regenerate easily.The gac kind is a lot, but the history identity of gac manufacturing and application, and the gac of bamboo and wood raw material production is compared with the gac of other raw material production has that total hole volume is big, specific surface area is big, reactive behavior reaches advantages such as impurity is few greatly.But along with the raising of whole society's Environmental awareness, for protecting forest resources, country expressly provides and forbids excessive and random lumbering, so the raw material of wood activated charcoal is poor day by day.And bamboo wood has fast growth, the short characteristics of cycle of becoming a useful person, thereby its resource is abundant relatively, so be necessary to be developed energetically.
The production method of gac generally is divided into physics method and chemical method by its activating process.Chemical method is meant carbonaceous material under chemical agent participation conditions such as zinc chloride, phosphoric acid, through processing step production process of active carbon such as charing, activation, washings.Because this method environmental pollution is bigger, present newly-built gac project does not all adopt, and adopts the less physics method of environmental pollution.The ultimate principle of physics method is to make activator with water vapor, stack gas, oxygen etc., reacts under the certain temperature condition with carbonaceous material, manufactures gac.The physics method is divided into charing, two independent processes of activation, and raw material is heated to 500～700 ℃ of charings earlier under the secluding air condition, activate under 800～950 ℃ of conditions then.
Corresponding to the physics method, the equipment that China produces gac generally adopts traditional rotary kiln and Stepple furnace to be respectively applied for charing and activation.But material easily catches fire in the rotary kiln stove, and is wayward, thereby the incompatibility bamboo wood is the carbonized material production of raw material, and only is suitable for the charing of ature of coal forming charcoal or broken charcoal, and in addition, it also has the big deficiency of power consumption.Stepple furnace then can not be produced below 1 millimeter and the particle charcoal more than 8 millimeters, gac that can not production lightweight (as bamboo matter).
Therefore the method that is used for producing activated carbon from bamboo at present mostly adopts the smoldering method, and equipment therefor is the smoldering stove.This type of furnace is generally tunnel like, and is according to the output size, changeable.Stove combuster and a plurality of adding (going out), expected mouth and chimney composition.Its production process is: after bamboo wood is cut off to length, be placed in earlier in the stove, seal then add (going out) material mouthful, fill it up with timber and fuel in the combustion chamber, light, be that bamboo wood carries out charing by flue gas heat.This type of furnace is stoker by rule of thumb only, the difficult control of carbonization temperature, and fuel consumption is more, and the charing cycle, generally at 20～30 days, production efficiency was low, and the carbonized material quality is not too all even stable, and obtains carbonized material and be not easy to carry out thereafter activation act.
Chinese patent application 012112039.0 discloses " a kind of process for preparing activated carbon from bamboo ", and it step that comprises is: 1, earlier mao bamboon is sawn into thick bamboo tube and dries in the shade stand-by; 2, raw material loading of kiln; 3, fumigation dehydration: kiln temperature is controlled at 25～105 ℃, steams cigarette dehydration 6～10 days with flue gas; 4, dry distillation charring: be warming up to 150～300 ℃ in the kiln, bamboo charcoal is dry distillation charring under the state of partial vacuum, keeps 4 days; 5, concise: as to open wicket, be warming up to 700～1000 ℃ in the kiln, increase oxygen supply, kept 1 hour; 6, spray steam: open kiln top gas orifice,, sealing wicket and chimney toward the interior water spray of kiln steam; 7, envelope kiln: with the bamboo charcoal after jet at kiln inner sealing kiln discharge after 4 days.From the disclosed technology of this application, should promptly belong to the smoldering method, as seen its production cycle is long, production efficiency is low, and because the stationkeeping of material is motionless, therefore the different positions material be subjected to thermal conditions and bigger with the equal difference of the catalytic situation of water vapour, the homogeneity of quality product and stability are difficult to ensure.
Chinese patent application 01132817.7 discloses " preparing process of active carbon with bamboo ", it is to get the bamboo with predetermined length to insert one and heat in the baker, heating and making the temperature in the baker is 300～500 ℃, remove three processes such as moisture content, charing and activation, the time of three processes is about 6～8 hours.Wherein, the baker of heating is long rectangle body of heater, has the passage of heating in the central authorities of body of heater, and it is 350～550 ℃ burning things which may cause a fire disaster that Heating temperature is provided, enter body of heater inside by this passage of heating, the bamboo that carry out charing then is placed on and this position of passage at a distance of 20～150cm of heating.Therefore as seen, the position of its material also is fixed, and what have the different positions material equally is subjected to thermal conditions and bigger with the equal difference of the catalytic situation of water vapour, the defective that the homogeneity of quality product and stability are difficult to ensure.
Chinese patent 01131145.2 discloses " preparing process of active carbon by the bamboo raw material ", wherein there are not specific descriptions, with regard to its method therefor, both relevant for the description of adopting physical activation method about equipment used, also relevant for the description of adopting chemical activation method, but all very not detailed.Its raw material consumption of producing one ton of gac is: chemical method is 3～5 tons, and the physics method is 10～15 tons, and wherein, when adopting the physics method to activate, the charcoal rate that gets of activation stage is less than 30%.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of production efficiency height and uniform in quality, stable activated carbon from bamboo.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of charring furnace and activation furnace for preparing activated carbon from bamboo.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
The preparation method of this a kind of activated carbon from bamboo is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, fragmentation; Exsiccant mao bamboon limb or branch are become fragment with crusher in crushing, standby after screening;
B, charing; The opening for feed of broken bamboo piece from the charring furnace top added the carbonizing tube, broken bamboo piece promptly moves down along carbonizing tube from the carbonizing tube top under action of gravity, add-on control carbonization temperature by air in the control feeding charring furnace and water vapor, by controlling carbonization time from the discharging of the discharging mouth of pipe, make the charing in charring furnace of broken bamboo piece get carbonized material, carbonization temperature is 550～750 ℃, and carbonization time is 1～4 hour;
C, activation; The charging opening of carbonized material self-activation furnace roof portion is added in the activated material passage, carbonized material promptly under action of gravity self-activation material channel roof move down along the activated material passage, and by go out activated material control soak time from discharge bucket, simultaneously, rotating bubbling air or superheated vapour in the activation furnace, rotation time is to switch once in per 15～30 minutes, keeps activation furnace and under the heat supply state carbonized material is being activated, activation temperature is 800～950 ℃, and soak time is 48～72 hours;
D, through pickling, tap water rinsing, dehydration and the oven dry gac that gets product.
Wherein, the granularity of fragment is advisable with 6～12mm, because if granularity is too little, gets the low deficiency of charcoal rate when then having broken difficulty greatly with activation, and granularity is too big, then may be difficult to guarantee the homogeneity of quality product; The common method of pickling is: activated material is added in pickling tub or the pickling cylinder, and outfit concentration is that the hydrochloric acid soln of 3～5wt% soaked 1～3 hour under 30～80 ℃ of temperature, and fully stirs, then the venting spent acid solution.The high quality active carbon that ash content is lower, Fe content is few can be obtained through cleanup acid treatment, the pH value of gac can be adjusted simultaneously.
In discharge nozzle, be connected with water vapour in the described charing step and treat the carbonized material of discharging and cool off, in discharge bucket, be connected with water vapour in the described activation step and treat the activated material of discharging and cool off.
A kind of charring furnace that is used to prepare activated carbon from bamboo, it has the body of heater pedestal, carry body of heater on the body of heater pedestal, be provided with some vertical carbonizing tubes in the burner hearth of body of heater, the upper end open of carbonizing tube is in the body of heater top, and the lower end then is opened on bottom of furnace body and stretches out in the outer drawing mechanism of body of heater to being connected to: drawing mechanism is provided with the water vapor import; The upper end open place of carbonizing tube is adaptive sealing cover and liquid seal trough; Carbonizing tube is divided into preheating section, charing section and cooling section from top to bottom, has the pore with the burner hearth conducting on the tube wall of wherein charing section; The bottom of sidewall of the furnace body has several ash removing holes that can doublely do blast inlet, also is provided with exhanst gas outlet on the body of heater.
The side of described body of heater is provided with the combustion chamber, heating charring furnace burner hearth when being used for initial production.
Described drawing mechanism comprises discharge nozzle, the lower end of discharge nozzle is provided with the baffle plate that can laterally extract out, discharge nozzle and described carbonizing tube joint are provided with the dividing plate that can laterally extract out, and discharge nozzle is a sandwich structure, have some through holes on the inwall of discharge nozzle interlayer, described water vapor import then is located on the outer wall of discharge nozzle interlayer.The water vapor import is located on the outer wall of discharge nozzle interlayer, both can realize that water supply steam was with the control carbonization temperature in charring furnace, the effect that also has following two aspects: the one, help the uniform distribution of water vapor in drawing mechanism, the 2nd, can carbonized material that treat discharging in the drawing mechanism be cooled off.
The charing section of described carbonizing tube is in charge of by two charings and is constituted, the charing section adopts is in charge of the form that constitutes by two charings, both helped guaranteeing that the carbonizing tube upper end open was enough to make things convenient for charging, it is more even that the interior material of charing section is heated, and helps stablizing the carbonized material quality.
A kind of activation furnace that is used to prepare activated carbon from bamboo comprises furnace body, regenerator and chimney; Furnace body and regenerator are the left-right symmetry structure; Furnace body is supported on the pedestal; Two and half stoves about furnace body is separated into by midfeather, two accumulation of heat half Room about regenerator correspondingly is separated into, and the top of half stove is connected with tracheae with the top of corresponding accumulation of heat half Room; The bottom of each accumulation of heat half Room is provided with steam-jet siphon, and the bottom of accumulation of heat half Room also is communicated with chimney by pipeline; Be provided with vertical activation zone in the middle of the burner hearth of half stove, be provided with some the carbonized material passage and the horizontal and gas passages that be connected with the carbonized material passage of trend up and down in the activation zone, the upper end open of carbonized material passage is in half furnace roof portion, and the lower end then is opened on the discharge bucket that is located at half stove below; The upper end open place of carbonized material passage is adaptive lid and liquid seal trough; Also be provided with the air intlet that communicates with burner hearth on the sidewall of half stove.Discharge bucket is provided with the steam cooling structure similar to the drawing mechanism of charring furnace.
Gas passage in the described activation zone is undulate roughly, and described carbonized material passage and gas passage are intersected in the trough place of gas passage, like this, both can realize smooth and easy flow of gas in gas passage, and help solid materials again and move down along the carbonized material passage is smooth and easy.Simultaneously, the result who crosses makes the lateral dimension of carbonized material passage exist thickness to change along the longitudinal direction, makes when solid materials moves down in the carbonized material passage, has tumbling motion, helps the activatory homogeneity.
Described activation zone is separated into front chamber and rear chamber with the burner hearth at its place, be provided with horizontal dividing plate in front chamber and the rear chamber, and the dividing plate in front chamber and the rear chamber is interspersed, described tracheae promptly communicates with the upper end of front chamber, thereby forms the flue that each section and the gas passage in the described activation zone by forward and backward chamber constitute in described half stove.Also be that gas flow is in the flue: enter first dividing plate of front chamber with top from tracheae, pass activation zone through gas passage and enter first dividing plate of rear chamber with top, again through gas passage pass activation zone enter first of front chamber below the dividing plate and second dividing plate with top, and so forth, until burner hearth bottom.The benefit of this structure design is: the one, help guaranteeing that the carbonized material in the activation zone can both fully contact with water vapor, and eliminate the difference on activation zone center and the peripheral activation effect; The 2nd, fully taken into account the activation demand of material in the carbonized material passage, because from vertically, the material that is positioned at carbonized material passage upper end is compared with the material that is positioned at carbonized material passage lower end, the material of upper end does not begin activation as yet or activation is very incomplete, the material of lower end has then activated relatively fully, thereby the material of upper end is necessary to contact more water vapor than the material of lower end, and above-mentioned structure design just matches with such demand, because more near burner hearth bottom, the vapour content in the flue in the gas reduces therefore preceding consumption.
The bottom of described furnace body is provided with the combustion chamber that communicates with the burner hearth of described half stove, heat-activated half stove burner hearth when being used for initial production.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: 1, the preparation method has production efficiency height and uniform in quality, stable advantage; 2, adopt multitube charring furnace and activation furnace to produce activated carbon from bamboo first, and the length of height that can be by charing, activation temperature and charing, soak time is regulated gac and is burnt the mistake rate, thereby make the pore size distribution of activated carbon from bamboo and pore size controlled, can produce the broken gac of high-quality bamboo matter; 3, charring furnace and activation furnace all can be from heat supplies, and control charing/activatory temperature and time easily; 4, about activation furnace can pass through half stove respectively the timing of bubbling air or steam switch, keep the thermal equilibrium of stove, do not need outer heating, again raw material is not activated, have that activation effect is good, the characteristics of constant product quality; 5, the yield of activation height of activation furnace, and carbonized material is in fact repeatedly activated in activation furnace and is ablated, thereby the fine aperture of activation product is abundant, good product performance.6, realized that charing and activatory continuous controllable carry out.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention charring furnace;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that the B of Fig. 1 is to partial view;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of embodiment of the invention activation furnace;
Fig. 5 is rotated counterclockwise view after 90 ° for the C of Fig. 4 to view;
Fig. 6 is that the D-D sectional view of Fig. 4 is rotated counterclockwise the view after 90 °;
Fig. 7 is the E-E sectional view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 8 is the G-G sectional view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 9 is the H-H sectional view of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the partial schematic perspective view of activation zone;
Figure 11 is the partial sectional view of activation zone.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The skin of the charring furnace in the embodiment of the invention and the agent structure of activation furnace is common brick forming, and internal structure then is built into by refractory brick and highiy refractory brick.
As Fig. 1～illustrated in Figure 3, be a preferred embodiment of charring furnace of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present embodiment charring furnace, it has body of heater pedestal (not shown), carries body of heater 1 on the body of heater pedestal, is provided with two row's carbonizing tubes in the burner hearth 2 of body of heater 1, and every row's carbonizing tube contains four vertical carbonizing tubes 3 that are provided with.The upper end open of carbonizing tube 3 is in body of heater 1 top, and the lower end then is opened on body of heater 1 bottom and stretches out in body of heater 1 drawing mechanism 4 outward to being connected to.Drawing mechanism 4 is provided with water vapor import 5.The upper end open place of carbonizing tube 3 is adaptive sealing cover 6 and liquid seal trough 7.Carbonizing tube 3 is divided into preheating section 3a, charing section 3b and cooling section 3c from top to bottom.Wherein charing section 3b is in charge of 3d by two charings and constitutes, and has the inclination pore 3e with burner hearth 2 conductings on the tube wall, and the vergence direction of pore 3e is to be in charge of the 3d inwall by charing to be tilted to charing and to be in charge of the 3d outer wall.The bottom of body of heater 1 sidewall has several ash removing holes 8 that can doublely do blast inlet.The side of body of heater 1 also is provided with combustion chamber 9 and the exhanst gas outlet 10 (referring to Fig. 3) that communicates with burner hearth 2.
Described drawing mechanism 4 comprises discharge nozzle 4a, the lower end of discharge nozzle 4a is provided with the baffle plate 4b that can laterally extract out, discharge nozzle 4a and described carbonizing tube 3 joints are provided with the dividing plate 4c that can laterally extract out, and discharge nozzle 4a is a sandwich structure, have some through hole 4d on the inwall of discharge nozzle 4a interlayer, and described water vapor import 5 is located at promptly on the outer wall of discharge nozzle 4a interlayer.
The production process that adopts charring furnace to carry out charing is:
Driving for the first time, it is slightly different with normal productive process to produce.The production process of driving for the first time is: the upper end open from carbonizing tube 3 adds the bamboo wood fragment in carbonizing tube 3 earlier, has added bonnet top cover labyrinth 6, discharges water in the liquid seal trough 7, makes sealing cover 6 form water-lute.Seal ash removing hole 8 and drawing mechanism 4,9 heating heat up burner hearth 2 from the combustion chamber then, and tail gas is then discharged burner hearth 2 from exhanst gas outlet 10.After being warmed up to suitable temp, closed chamber 9 promptly finishes the driving program to normal production programme.In the ordinary production, then be to get final product by controlling carbonization time from drawing mechanism 4 dischargings, promptly adding into new bamboo wood fragment after the discharging from carbonizing tube 3 upper end open.As for the control of carbonization temperature, then be by temperature in the burner hearth that raises toward burner hearth 2 interior bubbling airs, feed water vapor and then reduce temperature in the burner hearth.Tail gas then is used as the thermal source of producing water vapor.
As Fig. 4～illustrated in Figure 11, be a preferred embodiment of activation furnace of the present invention.Referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the present embodiment activation furnace, it comprises furnace body 11, regenerator 12 and chimney (the not shown in the figures meaning out); Furnace body 11 and regenerator 12 are the left-right symmetry structure; Furnace body 11 is supported on the pedestal 13.Two and half stoves 14 about furnace body 11 is separated into by midfeather, two accumulation of heat half Room 15 about regenerator 12 correspondingly is separated into, and the top of half stove 14 is connected with tracheae 16 with the top of corresponding accumulation of heat half Room 15.Referring to Fig. 8, Fig. 9, the heat accumulating sections 17 of the middle part of accumulation of heat half Room 15 for building by refractory brick, the bottom of accumulation of heat half Room 15 is provided with steam-jet siphon 18, and the bottom of accumulation of heat half Room 15 also is communicated with chimney by pipeline 19.Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, be provided with vertical activation zone 20 in the middle of the burner hearth of half stove 14, activation zone 20 is separated into front chamber 21 and rear chamber 22 with the burner hearth at its place.Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Figure 10, Figure 11, be provided with some the carbonized material passage 20a and the horizontal and gas passage 20b that be connected with carbonized material passage 20a of trend up and down in the activation zone 20, the upper end open of carbonized material passage 20a is in half stove, 14 tops, and the lower end then is opened on the discharge bucket 23 that is located at half stove, 14 belows.Discharge bucket 23 is provided with the steam cooling structure similar to the drawing mechanism 4 of charring furnace.The upper end open place of carbonized material passage 20a is adaptive lid 24 and liquid seal trough 25; Also be provided with the air intlet 26 that communicates with burner hearth on the sidewall of half stove 14.Be provided with horizontal dividing plate 27 in front chamber 21 and the rear chamber 22, and the dividing plate 27 in front chamber 21 and the rear chamber 22 is interspersed, described tracheae 16 promptly communicates with the upper end of front chamber 21, thereby forms the flue that each section and the gas passage 20b in the described activation zone 20 by front chamber 21, rear chamber 22 constitute in described half stove 14.Also be that gas flow is in the flue: enter 21 first dividing plates of front chamber with top from tracheae 16, pass activation zone 20 through gas passage 20b and enter 22 first dividing plates of rear chamber with top, again through gas passage 20b pass activation zone 20 enter 21 first of front chamber below the dividing plate and second dividing plate with top, and so forth, until burner hearth bottom.
In addition, the gas passage 20b in the described activation zone 20 is undulate roughly, and described carbonized material passage 20a and gas passage 20b are intersected in the trough place of gas passage 20b.Like this, both can realize smooth and easy flow of gas in gas passage 20b, help solid materials again along smooth and easy the moving down of carbonized material passage 20a.
The bottom of described furnace body 11 also is provided with the combustion chamber 28 that communicates with the burner hearth of described half stove 14.
The employing activation furnace carries out the activatory production process and is:
The driving production sequence of activation furnace, reinforced, discharging etc. are basic identical with charring furnace.Special character is: not only will carry out heat temperature raising by the burner hearth of the 28 pairs of furnace bodies 11 in combustion chamber during driving, also will carry out heat temperature raising to regenerator 12.After treating that burner hearth and regenerator 12 all are heated to suitable temp, can activate production.Activation furnace is in normal productive process, half stove 14 is blocked operations about it, that is: when the feeding water vapor activates in the Zuo Banlu, in right half stove then is that bubbling air heats up, per 15～30 minutes by turns once, so that activation furnace burner hearth and regenerator 12 can the oneself be kept suitable temperature all the time.During activation, the steam-jet siphon 18 of regenerator 12 bottoms sprays into water vapor, water vapor is heated to be high-temperature water vapor in the uphill process in regenerator 12, and enter half stove, 14 burner hearths from tracheae 16, descending along the flue complications that are made of each section and the gas passage 20b activation zone 20 in of front chamber 21, rear chamber 22 in half stove 16 then, double stove 14 interior carbonized material activates.During warming temperature, need steam off spray tube 18, then by air intlet 26 bubbling air in the burner hearth, the water-gas effect of air and reactivation process generation and the heat release of burning, heating furnace and regenerator 12.
The preparation method of embodiment of the invention activated carbon from bamboo may further comprise the steps:
A, fragmentation; Exsiccant mao bamboon limb or branch are become fragment with crusher in crushing, and the screening granularity is standby with the fragment of 6～12mm;
B, charing; The opening for feed of broken bamboo piece from the charring furnace top added the carbonizing tube, broken bamboo piece promptly moves down along carbonizing tube from the carbonizing tube top under action of gravity, add-on control carbonization temperature by air in the control feeding charring furnace and water vapor, by controlling carbonization time from the discharging of the discharging mouth of pipe, make the charing in charring furnace of broken bamboo piece get carbonized material, carbonization temperature is 550～750 ℃, and carbonization time is 1～4 hour;
C, activation; The charging opening of carbonized material self-activation furnace roof portion is added in the activated material passage, carbonized material promptly under action of gravity self-activation material channel roof move down along the activated material passage, and by go out activated material control soak time from discharge bucket, simultaneously, rotating bubbling air or superheated vapour in the activation furnace, rotation time is to switch once in per 15～30 minutes, keeps activation furnace and under the heat supply state carbonized material is being activated, activation temperature is 800～950 ℃, and soak time is 48～72 hours;
D, activated material is added in the pickling tub, being equipped with concentration is the hydrochloric acid soln of 3～5wt%, soaks activated material 1～3 hour under 30～80 ℃ of temperature, and fully stirs, and venting spent acid solution then is again with tap water rinsing, dehydration and the oven dry gac that gets product.
Concrete preparation example is as follows:
Preparation example 1
A, the mao bamboon after will drying are the fragment of 6mm with crusher in crushing, screen standby; B, with the charing in the multitube charring furnace of above-mentioned broken material, 550 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 4 hours; C, above-mentioned carbonized material is activated in activation furnace, activation temperature is 850 ℃, soak time is 72 hours, d, in pickling tub, be that the hydrochloric acid soln of 3～5wt% soaked 1～3 hour with concentration with above-mentioned activated material, fully stir, use the tap water rinsing again 3～5 times, dewater, dry, screen packing then and be the finished product gac.
Preparation example 2
A, the mao bamboon after will drying are the fragment of 12mm with crusher in crushing, screen standby; B, with the charing in the multitube charring furnace of above-mentioned broken material, 750 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 1 hour; C, above-mentioned carbonized material is activated in activation furnace, activation temperature is 950 ℃, soak time is 48 hours, d, in pickling tub, be that 3～5% hydrochloric acid soln soaked 1～3 hour with concentration with above-mentioned activated material, fully stir, use the tap water rinsing again 3～5 times, dewater, dry, screen packing then and be the finished product gac.
Preparation example 3
A, the mao bamboon after will drying are the fragment of 9mm with crusher in crushing, screen standby; B, with the charing in the multitube charring furnace of above-mentioned broken material, 650 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 2.5 hours; C, above-mentioned carbonized material is activated in activation furnace, activation temperature is 800 ℃, soak time is 72 hours, d, in pickling tub, be that the hydrochloric acid soln of 3～5wt% soaked 1～3 hour with concentration with above-mentioned activated material, fully stir, use the tap water rinsing again 3～5 times, dewater, dry, screen packing then and be the finished product gac.
The performance of the activated carbon from bamboo for preparing in the above-mentioned preparation example sees Table 1:
Table 1
| Project | Moisture wt% | Ash content wt% | Intensity % | Accumulation degree % | Granularity mm | Iodine sorption value mg/g | Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF absorption mg/g | The pH value |
| Index | ≤5 | 1～5 | 90～95 | 380～480 | 0.5～6 | 950～1200 | 150～300 | 5～9 |
In addition, also do the test that concerns between soak time and the technical target of the product, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
| Soak time h | Activation temperature ℃ | Get the charcoal rate | Iodine sorption value mg/g | Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF adsorptive value mg/g | Ash wt% | Fe 2+Content wt% | Proportion | Intensity % | The pH value |
| 48 | 800～900 | 55.1 | 1150.2 | 190 | 3 | 0.047 | 401 | 95.4 | 10.1 |
| 72 | 800～900 | 45.0 | 1250.8 | 330.2 | 3 | 0.047 | 311 | 92.3 | 10.1 |
Claims (10)
1, a kind of preparation method of activated carbon from bamboo is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, fragmentation; Exsiccant mao bamboon limb or branch are become fragment with crusher in crushing, standby after screening;
B, charing; The opening for feed of broken bamboo piece from the charring furnace top added the carbonizing tube, broken bamboo piece promptly moves down along carbonizing tube from the carbonizing tube top under action of gravity, add-on control carbonization temperature by air in the control feeding charring furnace and water vapor, by controlling carbonization time from the discharging of the discharging mouth of pipe, make the charing in charring furnace of broken bamboo piece get carbonized material, carbonization temperature is 550～750 ℃, and carbonization time is 1～4 hour;
C, activation; The charging opening of carbonized material self-activation furnace roof portion is added in the activated material passage, carbonized material promptly under action of gravity self-activation material channel roof move down along the activated material passage, and by go out activated material control soak time from discharge bucket, simultaneously, rotating bubbling air or superheated vapour in the activation furnace, rotation time is to switch once in per 15～30 minutes, keeps activation furnace and under the heat supply state carbonized material is being activated, activation temperature is 800～950 ℃, and soak time is 48～72 hours;
D, through pickling, tap water rinsing, dehydration and the oven dry gac that gets product.
2, preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in discharge nozzle, being connected with in the described charing step water vapour and treat the carbonized material of discharging and cool off, in discharge bucket, be connected with water vapour in the described activation step and treat the activated material of discharging and cool off.
3, a kind of charring furnace that is used to prepare the described activated carbon from bamboo of claim 1, it has the body of heater pedestal, carry body of heater on the body of heater pedestal, be provided with some vertical carbonizing tubes in the burner hearth of body of heater, the upper end open of carbonizing tube is in the body of heater top, and the lower end then is opened on bottom of furnace body and stretches out in the outer drawing mechanism of body of heater to being connected to; Drawing mechanism is provided with the water vapor import; The upper end open place of carbonizing tube is adaptive sealing cover and liquid seal trough; Carbonizing tube is divided into preheating section, charing section and cooling section from top to bottom, has the pore with the burner hearth conducting on the tube wall of wherein charing section; The bottom of sidewall of the furnace body has several ash removing holes that can doublely do blast inlet, also is provided with exhanst gas outlet on the body of heater.
4, charring furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that the side of described body of heater is provided with the combustion chamber.
5, charring furnace according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described drawing mechanism comprises discharge nozzle, the lower end of discharge nozzle is provided with the baffle plate that can laterally extract out, discharge nozzle and described carbonizing tube joint are provided with the dividing plate that can laterally extract out, and discharge nozzle is a sandwich structure, have some through holes on the inwall of discharge nozzle interlayer, described water vapor import then is located on the outer wall of discharge nozzle interlayer.
6, according to claim 3 or 4 or 5 described charring furnaces, the charing section that it is characterized in that described carbonizing tube is in charge of by two charings and is constituted.
7, a kind of activation furnace that is used to prepare the described activated carbon from bamboo of claim 1 comprises furnace body, regenerator and chimney; Furnace body and regenerator are the left-right symmetry structure; Furnace body is supported on the pedestal; Two and half stoves about furnace body is separated into by midfeather, two accumulation of heat half Room about regenerator correspondingly is separated into, and the top of half stove is connected with tracheae with the top of corresponding accumulation of heat half Room; The bottom of accumulation of heat half Room is provided with steam-jet siphon, and the bottom of accumulation of heat half Room also is communicated with chimney by pipeline; Be provided with vertical activation zone in the middle of the burner hearth of half stove, be provided with some the carbonized material passage and the horizontal and gas passages that be connected with the carbonized material passage of trend up and down in the activation zone, the upper end open of carbonized material passage is in half furnace roof portion, and the lower end then is opened on the discharge bucket that is located at half stove below; The upper end open place of carbonized material passage is adaptive lid and liquid seal trough; Also be provided with the air intlet that communicates with burner hearth on the sidewall of half stove.
8, activation furnace according to claim 7 is characterized in that the gas passage undulate roughly in the described activation zone, and described carbonized material passage and gas passage are intersected in the trough place of gas passage.
9, activation furnace according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described activation zone is separated into front chamber and rear chamber with the burner hearth at its place, be provided with horizontal dividing plate in front chamber and the rear chamber, and the dividing plate in front chamber and the rear chamber is interspersed, described tracheae promptly communicates with the upper end of front chamber, thereby forms the flue that each section and the gas passage in the described activation zone by forward and backward chamber constitute in described half stove.
10, activation furnace according to claim 7 is characterized in that the bottom of described furnace body is provided with the combustion chamber that communicates with the burner hearth of described half stove.
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