CN106517191B - Preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment - Google Patents
Preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of activated carbon, in particular to a preparation process of activated carbon suitable for being used in a high-temperature environment, which comprises the following steps: fermentation treatment; mixing the raw materials with tea polyphenols and cashew nut shell oil friction powder, and heating; carrying out spray explosion and puffing; alkalization; drying; carbonizing; and (4) activating. The carbonized material is nitrided after carbonization, so that the hardness of the activated carbon is greatly improved, the bonding strength among carbon atoms is weakened, the porosity of the carbonized material is increased, the activation temperature of the invention is lower, and the energy is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of activated carbon, in particular to a preparation process of activated carbon suitable for being used in a high-temperature environment.
Background
Activated carbon. Is black powdery or blocky, granular or honeycomb amorphous carbon, and also has crystal carbon with regular arrangement. Besides carbon element, the activated carbon also comprises two types of blends: one is chemically bound elements, primarily oxygen and hydrogen, which remain in the carbon due to incomplete carbonization, or foreign non-carbon elements chemically bind to the activated carbon surface during activation, such as by oxidation of the activated carbon surface or by oxidation of water vapor during activation with water vapor; another type of blend is ash, which is the inorganic portion of activated carbon; the ash content is easy to cause secondary pollution in the activated carbon.
In terms of elemental composition, more than 80% -90% of activated carbon is composed of carbon, which is also the reason activated carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent. Besides carbon element, the activated carbon also comprises two types of admixtures: one is chemically bound elements, primarily oxygen and hydrogen, which remain in the carbon due to incomplete carbonization, or foreign non-carbon elements chemically bind to the activated carbon surface during activation, such as by oxidation of the activated carbon surface or by oxidation of water vapor during activation with water vapor; another type of admixture is ash, which is the inorganic portion of activated carbon, the elemental composition of several activated carbons. With the continuous development of the activated carbon industry, more and more industries and enterprises use the activated carbon, and some enterprises enter the activated carbon industry.
The main raw materials of the activated carbon can be almost all carbon-rich organic materials, such as coal, wood, fruit shells, coconut shells, walnut shells, apricot shells, jujube shells and the like. These carbonaceous materials are converted into activated carbon by pyrolysis in an activation furnace at high temperature and under pressure. During this activation, large surface areas and complex pore structures develop, and so-called adsorption processes are carried out in and on these pores, the size of the pores in the activated carbon having a selective adsorption effect on the adsorbate, since macromolecules cannot enter the pores of the activated carbon which are smaller than the pores. The active carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent prepared by taking a substance mainly containing carbon as a raw material and carrying out high-temperature carbonization and activation. The activated carbon contains a large number of micropores, has huge specific surface area, can effectively remove chromaticity and odor, and can remove most organic pollutants and certain inorganic matters in secondary effluent, including certain toxic heavy metals.
The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon in a high-temperature environment can be greatly reduced, so that the use effect of the activated carbon is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment, nitriding the carbonized material after carbonization so as to greatly improve the hardness of the activated carbon, weaken the bonding strength between carbon atoms and help increase the porosity of the carbonized material, and the activation temperature of the invention is lower, thereby saving energy sources.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into blocks, mixing the blocks with hot white spirit vinasse, spraying lactose liquid into the mixture, simultaneously adding yeast into the mixture, sealing the mixture for fermentation, and crushing the fermented raw materials into particles of 200-500 meshes;
(2) mixing the fermented raw materials with tea polyphenol accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials and cashew nut shell oil friction powder accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials, heating the mixture to 80-90 ℃ in gas accounting for 28-30 percent of oxygen, continuously stirring the mixture in the heating process, and finishing the heating after 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixture into a spray blasting machine for spray blasting and puffing;
(4) placing the expanded mixture in an alkaline atmosphere for alkalization for 10-30 minutes;
(5) drying the alkalized mixture at 60-80 deg.C for 1 hr;
(6) placing the mixture on a furnace carriage and pushing the furnace carriage into a carbonization furnace for carbonization;
(7) blowing the carbonized material with 400-450 ℃ nitrogen for 30 minutes, removing impurities, then sending the mixture into an activation furnace for activation, and activating with water vapor, wherein the activation temperature of the first stage is 700-800 ℃, the activation time is 2 hours, the supply of water vapor is cut off every half hour, and air is introduced into the activation furnace for 30 seconds; after the first stage activation, the temperature is reduced to 500-600 ℃, after half an hour, the temperature is increased to 800-850 ℃ for second stage activation, and the second stage activation time is 6 hours;
(8) the material obtained after activation is the finished product of the active carbon.
The raw material in the step (1) is coal powder, or can be fruit shells, wood chips, wood, or waste activated carbon.
The gas in the step (2) contains nitrogen and argon besides oxygen.
In the step (4), the alkaline atmosphere is formed by mixing and cooking 1% of sodium chloride and 1% of potassium chloride and 98% of water in percentage by mass to generate alkaline steam.
The carbonization process in the step (6) is as follows: the temperature of the carbonization furnace is raised to 500-600 ℃, the carbonization rotating speed is 30 r/min, so that the raw material starts to be carbonized; in the carbonization process, firstly, the generated carbonization waste gas is introduced into a spray tower to remove water vapor contained in the carbonization waste gas, and then the waste gas is introduced into a multi-tube purification tower to be purified.
And (7) after the activation is finished, recycling waste heat of the activated carbon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the carbonized material is nitrided after carbonization, so that the hardness of the activated carbon is greatly improved, the bonding strength among carbon atoms is weakened, the porosity of the carbonized material is increased, the activation temperature of the invention is lower, and the energy is saved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into blocks, mixing the blocks with hot white spirit vinasse, spraying lactose liquid into the mixture, simultaneously adding yeast into the mixture, sealing and fermenting the mixture, crushing the fermented raw materials into 200-500-mesh particles, wherein the raw materials are coal powder;
(2) mixing the fermented raw materials with tea polyphenol accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials and cashew nut shell oil friction powder accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials, heating the mixture to 85 ℃ in gas with the oxygen accounting for 29 percent and the balance of nitrogen and argon, continuously stirring the mixture in the heating process, and finishing the heating after 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixture into a spray blasting machine for spray blasting and puffing;
(4) placing the expanded mixture in an alkaline atmosphere to be alkalized for 10-30 minutes, wherein the alkaline atmosphere is prepared by mixing and cooking 1% of sodium chloride and 1% of potassium chloride in 98% of water by mass percentage to generate alkaline steam;
(5) drying the alkalized mixture for 1 hour at 70 ℃;
(6) placing the mixture on a furnace car and pushing the furnace car into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, wherein the carbonization process comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of the carbonization furnace to 550 ℃, and starting carbonization at the carbonization speed of 30 revolutions per minute to carbonize the raw material; in the carbonization process, firstly, the generated carbonization waste gas is introduced into a spray tower to remove water vapor contained in the carbonization waste gas, and then the waste gas is introduced into a multi-tube purification tower to be purified;
(7) blowing the carbonized material after carbonization for 30 minutes by using nitrogen at the temperature of 420 ℃, removing impurities, then sending the mixture into an activation furnace for activation, and activating by using water vapor, wherein the activation temperature in the first stage is 750 ℃, the activation time is 2 hours, the supply of the water vapor is cut off every half hour, and air is introduced into the activation furnace for 30 seconds; after the first-stage activation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃, after half an hour, the temperature is increased to 820 ℃ for second-stage activation, the second-stage activation time is 6 hours, and after the activation is finished, the waste heat of the activated carbon is recycled;
(8) the material obtained after activation is the finished product of the active carbon.
Example 2
A preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into blocks, mixing the blocks with hot white spirit vinasse, spraying lactose liquid into the mixture, simultaneously adding yeast into the mixture, sealing the mixture for fermentation, and crushing the fermented raw materials into particles of 200-500 meshes; the raw material is a mixture of fruit shells and wood chips;
(2) mixing the fermented raw materials with tea polyphenol accounting for 28% of the raw materials and cashew nut shell oil friction powder accounting for 1% of the raw materials, heating the mixture to 80 ℃ in gas with nitrogen and argon accounting for 28% of the raw materials, continuously stirring the mixture in the heating process, and finishing the heating after 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixture into a spray blasting machine for spray blasting and puffing;
(4) placing the expanded mixture in an alkaline atmosphere for alkalization for 10-30 minutes; in the alkaline atmosphere, 1 percent of sodium chloride and 1 percent of potassium chloride are mixed and boiled by 98 percent of water in percentage by mass to generate alkaline steam
(5) Drying the alkalized mixture for 1 hour at the drying temperature of 60 ℃;
(6) placing the mixture on a furnace car and pushing the furnace car into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, wherein the carbonization process comprises the following steps: the temperature of the carbonization furnace is raised to 500 ℃, the carbonization speed is 30 r/min, and the raw material starts to be carbonized; in the carbonization process, firstly, the generated carbonization waste gas is introduced into a spray tower to remove water vapor contained in the carbonization waste gas, and then the waste gas is introduced into a multi-tube purification tower to be purified;
(7) blowing the carbonized material after carbonization for 30 minutes by using nitrogen at 400 ℃, then removing impurities, then sending the mixture into an activation furnace for activation, and activating by using water vapor, wherein the activation temperature of the first stage is 700 ℃, the activation time is 2 hours, the supply of the water vapor is cut off every half hour, and air is introduced into the activation furnace for 30 seconds; after the first-stage activation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 500 ℃, after half an hour, the temperature is increased to 800 ℃ for second-stage activation, the second-stage activation time is 6 hours, and after the activation is finished, the waste heat of the activated carbon is recycled;
(8) the material obtained after activation is the finished product of the active carbon.
Example 2
A preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into blocks, mixing the blocks with hot white spirit vinasse, spraying lactose liquid into the mixture, simultaneously adding yeast into the mixture, sealing the mixture for fermentation, and crushing the fermented raw materials into particles of 200-500 meshes; the raw material is a mixture of wood and waste activated carbon;
(2) mixing the fermented raw materials with tea polyphenol accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials and cashew nut shell oil friction powder accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials, heating the mixture to 90 ℃ in gas with the oxygen accounting for 30 percent and the balance of nitrogen and argon, continuously stirring the mixture in the heating process, and finishing the heating after 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixture into a spray blasting machine for spray blasting and puffing;
(4) placing the expanded mixture in an alkaline atmosphere for alkalization for 10-30 minutes; in the alkaline atmosphere, 1 percent of sodium chloride and 1 percent of potassium chloride are mixed and boiled by 98 percent of water in percentage by mass to generate alkaline steam
(5) Drying the alkalized mixture for 1 hour at the drying temperature of 80 ℃;
(6) placing the mixture on a furnace car and pushing the furnace car into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, wherein the carbonization process comprises the following steps: the temperature of the carbonization furnace is raised to 600 ℃, the carbonization speed is 30 r/min, so that the raw material starts to be carbonized; in the carbonization process, firstly, the generated carbonization waste gas is introduced into a spray tower to remove water vapor contained in the carbonization waste gas, and then the waste gas is introduced into a multi-tube purification tower to be purified;
(7) blowing the carbonized material after carbonization for 30 minutes by using nitrogen at 450 ℃, removing impurities, then sending the mixture into an activation furnace for activation, and activating by using water vapor, wherein the activation temperature of the first stage is 800 ℃, the activation time is 2 hours, the supply of the water vapor is cut off every half hour, and air is introduced into the activation furnace for 30 seconds; after the first-stage activation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃, after half an hour, the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ for second-stage activation, the second-stage activation time is 6 hours, and after the activation is finished, the waste heat of the activated carbon is recycled;
(8) the material obtained after activation is the finished product of the active carbon.
Test of
The active carbon prepared in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 of the invention is compared with the common active carbon on the market, and the test results are recorded as follows:
it can be seen that the present invention indicates better performance of the amorphous activated carbon.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation process of activated carbon suitable for high-temperature environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into blocks, mixing the blocks with hot white spirit vinasse, spraying lactose liquid into the mixture, simultaneously adding yeast into the mixture, sealing the mixture for fermentation, and crushing the fermented raw materials into particles of 200-500 meshes;
(2) mixing the fermented raw materials with tea polyphenol accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials and cashew nut shell oil friction powder accounting for 1 percent of the mass of the raw materials, heating the mixture to 80-90 ℃ in gas accounting for 28-30 percent of oxygen, continuously stirring the mixture in the heating process, and finishing the heating after 30 minutes;
(3) putting the mixture into a spray blasting machine for spray blasting and puffing;
(4) placing the expanded mixture in an alkaline atmosphere for alkalization for 10-30 minutes;
(5) drying the alkalized mixture at 60-80 deg.C for 1 hr;
(6) placing the mixture on a furnace carriage and pushing the furnace carriage into a carbonization furnace for carbonization;
(7) blowing the carbonized material with 400-450 ℃ nitrogen for 30 minutes, removing impurities, then sending the mixture into an activation furnace for activation, and activating with water vapor, wherein the activation temperature of the first stage is 700-800 ℃, the activation time is 2 hours, the supply of water vapor is cut off every half hour, and air is introduced into the activation furnace for 30 seconds; after the first stage activation, the temperature is reduced to 500-600 ℃, after half an hour, the temperature is increased to 800-850 ℃ for second stage activation, and the second stage activation time is 6 hours;
(8) the material obtained after activation is the finished product of the active carbon.
2. The process for preparing activated carbon suitable for high temperature environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material in step (1) is pulverized coal, or nut shell, wood dust, wood, or waste activated carbon.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the gas in step (2) contains nitrogen and argon in addition to oxygen.
4. The process for preparing activated carbon suitable for high temperature environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonization process in step (6) is: the temperature of the carbonization furnace is raised to 500-600 ℃, the carbonization rotating speed is 30 r/min, so that the raw material starts to be carbonized; in the carbonization process, firstly, the generated carbonization waste gas is introduced into a spray tower to remove water vapor contained in the carbonization waste gas, and then the waste gas is introduced into a multi-tube purification tower to be purified.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is subjected to waste heat recovery after the activation in the step (7).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1884061A (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2006-12-27 | 康锡军 | Process for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon and dedicated device therefor |
| CN105314632A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-02-10 | 福建省荔元活性炭实业有限公司 | Processing technology for active carbon |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1884061A (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2006-12-27 | 康锡军 | Process for preparing bamboo-based activated carbon and dedicated device therefor |
| CN105314632A (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-02-10 | 福建省荔元活性炭实业有限公司 | Processing technology for active carbon |
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