CN1882214B - 用于至少一个灯的电子镇流器 - Google Patents

用于至少一个灯的电子镇流器 Download PDF

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CN1882214B
CN1882214B CN2006100934721A CN200610093472A CN1882214B CN 1882214 B CN1882214 B CN 1882214B CN 2006100934721 A CN2006100934721 A CN 2006100934721A CN 200610093472 A CN200610093472 A CN 200610093472A CN 1882214 B CN1882214 B CN 1882214B
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diode
electric ballast
terminal
capacitor
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CN1882214A (zh
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M·赫克曼
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Osram GmbH
PATRA Patent Treuhand Munich
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/2825—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices by means of a bridge converter in the final stage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/346—Passive non-dissipative snubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉用于至少一个灯(La)的电子镇流器，该镇流器具有至少一个第一开关(S1)以及至少一个辅助单元(10)，该第一开关(S1)具有至少一个工作端子(A1)、参考端子(B1)和控制输入端子(St1)，该辅助单元(10)具有电源端子(V1)，该辅助单元(10)的电源端子(V1)通过电源单元(12)被耦合到第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)上，该电源单元(12)包括至少一个电感(L2)。

Description

用于至少一个灯的电子镇流器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于至少一个灯的电子镇流器，该电子镇流器具有至少一个第一开关并且具有至少一个辅助单元，该第一开关具有至少一个工作端子、参考端子和控制输入端子，该至少一个辅助单元具有电源端子。
背景技术
从相关的现有技术已知这样的电子镇流器，辅助单元可以承担不同的功能，例如其承担以下功能：驱动至少一个第一开关，执行寿命终止监控，对过电压、过高温度或者执行各种控制任务进行监控等等。
在从现有技术已知的大量电子镇流器的情况下，除第一开关外还提供第二开关，并且这个第二开关与第一开关一起被布置在半桥装置中。在这种情况下，半桥中心点被连接到灯负载电路上。此外，所谓的缓冲电容器(梯形电容器)被连接到半桥装置的中心点上，以便使两个开关的零电压开关成为可能。现在已知使用存储在缓冲电容器中的能量来为辅助单元供电。
然而，这种实践仅当灯负载电路具有足够的可用的无功能量时才是成功的。特别是在镇流器具有较低的额定功率的情况中和在单火焰电子镇流器的情况中，缓冲电容器可能常常不具有足够大的尺寸，因为这将需要半桥装置上的将会太大的容性负载。这将以不希望的方式导致灯电感器和开关的高损耗，所以灯电感器和开关将不得不具有较大的尺寸。
然而为了保证有用于辅助单元的足够的电源，从现有技术已知使用来自谐振电容器的能量，该能量被配置在灯负载电路中，并且是启动该灯、为辅助单元供电所需的。然而，这个解决方案在多瓦特设备的情况中是非常不经济的，并且还常常导致热量问题。另外，在灯启动期间，在元件中出现非常高的负载，这些元件被用于稳定相应的辅助单元的电源电压。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于这样改进开始提到的电子镇流器，使得能够为至少一个辅助单元实现可靠的电源，其同时应该使电路结构的剩余部分承受尽可能少的负载。
该目的通过具有发明权利要求1的特征的电子镇流器来实现。
首先，本发明是基于以下知识，采用从现有技术已知的利用缓冲电容器的方法，在能量方面仅使用与缓冲电容器上的电荷相乘的辅助单元的电源电压、例如16伏特。然而，在能量方面，由半桥装置提供平方并且与缓冲电容器上的电荷相乘的半桥电压的一半。由于在半桥中心点处的电压具有超过200伏特的数量级，因此存在对可用能量的不良利用。特别地，所获得的能量被容性负载的绝对值除的比值是低的。本发明特别基于以下构思，即为了输出能量以便为该至少一个辅助单元供电，不使灯负载电路承受更多的容性负载，而是利用至少一个电感。在这种情况下，能量被存储在电感中，并且当电感被退磁时，能量被慢慢地再次输出。由于能量的积分对于所产生的电流的数量来说是关键的，在这种情况下(与在能量的提供、也就是电容器的放电是快速发生的过程的电容器的情况下相反)，加感可以在相对长的时间周期上延续，并且作为结果具有相当小的负效应。
在上文中，已经利用具有灯负载电路的电子镇流器的例子说明了问题和基本的解决方案，为了更好的理解的原因，在该情况下至少一个开关的工作端子被耦合到灯负载电路上。然而，也存在仅仅一个开关操作灯负载电路的电子镇流器。这些镇流器以名称E类转换器已知。如对于本领域普通技术人员而言明显的是，本发明还能够被用于这个领域以及此外用于其它的领域中，例如如果第一开关是有源电路单元、特别是用于功率因数校正的有源电路单元的一部分。
在上述例子中，具有两个开关，第二开关特别也包括至少一个工作端子、参考端子和控制输入端子，第二开关的工作端子被耦合到第一开关的工作端子上，以便形成桥式电路，桥式电路的中心点通过第一开关的工作端子和第二开关的工作端子之间的耦合而被定义。
电源单元优选地包括LC谐振电路，电感是这个LC谐振电路的一部分。特别是在串联谐振电路形式的设计的情况中，电容器可能具有小的尺寸，因为极性反转过程、即从第一开关闭合而第二开关打开的状态到第一开关打开而第二开关闭合的状态的转变不仅为这个电容器提供极性反转电荷，而且还将能量存储在电感中，该能量在极性反转过程之后也能够被传递到辅助单元。通常，这样的电源单元能够为辅助单元提供所有电源，也就是无需额外使用缓冲电容器。
电源单元特别优选地包括串联电路，该串联电路包括第一电容器、电感和第一二极管，电感和第一电容器之间的连接点通过电压限制装置、特别是第二二极管、齐纳二极管和/或变阻器被耦合到参考电位。在这种情况下，第一二极管确保电流仅仅在馈入方向上是可能的。电压限制装置限制电感器的充电。在这种情况下，电压限制装置优选地被设计为将第一电容器和电感之间的连接点处的电压阶跃限制于可预定的极限值。
在刚刚提到的实施例的一个优选改进方案中，电感和第一二极管之间的连接点通过第三二极管被耦合到参考电位。这个第三二极管被用于钳位可能存在的寄生振荡。
在另一个优选的实施例中，辅助单元的电源端子还通过串联电路被耦合到第一开关的工作端子，该串联电路包括第二电容器和第四二极管，第二电容器和第四二极管之间的连接点通过第五二极管被耦合到参考电位。这种测量使得可以将额外的缓冲电容器用于为辅助单元供电。
另外的优选实施例由从属权利要求产生。
附图说明
以下将参考附图对本发明的两个示范性实施例进行更详细的描述，其中：
图1示出根据本发明的电子镇流器的第一实施例的示意图，仅仅示出了与本发明相关的那些元件；以及
图2示出根据本发明的电子镇流器的第二实施例的示意图，同样仅仅示出了与本发明相关的那些元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的电子镇流器的、与本发明相关的细节的示意图。在这种情况下，灯La通过电感L1被连接到半桥电路的中心点M上，所述半桥电路包括开关S1和S2。每个开关S1和S2具有工作端子、参考端子和控制输入端子，在图1中的放大图中仅仅示出了开关S1的端子，也就是工作端子A1、参考端子B1和控制输入端子St1。在开关S2的情况中，与开关S1相比，工作端子和参考端子被交换，也就是，参考端子在上部，工作端子在底部，也就是，两个工作端子都连接到半桥中心点M上。灯La的两个电极E1、E2通过耦合电容器CK1和CK2被连接到作为参考电位的接地电位。辅助单元10具有电源端子V1，该辅助单元承担驱动两个开关S1和S2的功能，如用两个箭头所表示的。电源单元12被连接在半桥中心点M和辅助单元10的电源端子V1之间。它包括串联电路，该串联电路包括电容器C1、电感L2和第一二极管D1。在这种情况下，电容器C1和电感L2形成LC谐振电路。电感L2和电容器C1之间的连接点通过电压限制装置(在这种情况下二极管D2)被耦合到参考电位(这种情况下接地电位)。这个二极管D2被用于将在电容器C1和电感L2之间的连接点处的电压阶跃限制于可预定的极限值。电感L2和二极管D1之间的连接点同样通过二极管D3被耦合到参考电位，作为其结果可以消除电源信号中的寄生振荡。
除了包括元件C1、D2、L2、D3和D1的电源分支，另外的电源分支可以被设置在半桥中心点M和辅助单元10的电源端子V1之间：为了这个目的，电容器C2(这里也被称为所谓的缓冲电容器)通过二极管D4被连接到电源端子V1上。二极管D5使得可以对电容器C2进行再充电，并且齐纳二极管Z1被用于将电压限制于预定值。此外，可以设置电容器C3，以便保证将尽可能恒定的电源电压提供给辅助单元10。
图2示出根据本发明的电子镇流器的另一实施例。在这种情况下，与图1中的那些元件对应的元件通过对应的附图标记来标识，并且将不再次进行描述。这个电路具有有源系统输入部分，并且在输入侧被连接到AC电压源14上。AC电压信号在包括二极管D6-D9的整流器16中被整流，通过包括电感L3和二极管D10的串联电路，并且最终在电容器C4上作为具有开关S1和S2的半桥装置的中间电路电压UZW被提供，在这点上同样可以参见图1。为了为辅助单元10供电，在这种情况下包括电容器C1、二极管D1和D2以及电感L2的电源单元12被连接到开关S3的工作端子上。在图2中的电路装置中，开关S3、二极管D10和电感L3形成升压转换器。在这种情况下，只要开关S3是闭合的，能量就被存储在电感L3中。一旦开关S3已经打开，该能量就被感应地(inductively)存储在输出电路中。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于至少一个灯(La)的电子镇流器，该电子镇流器具有：
-至少一个第一开关(S1)，该第一开关(S1)具有至少一个工作端子(A1)、参考端子(B1)和控制输入端子(St1)；以及
-至少一个辅助单元(10)，该辅助单元(10)具有用于向所述至少一个辅助单元提供能量的电源端子(V1)；
其特征在于，
该辅助单元(10)的电源端子(V1)通过电源单元(12)被耦合到第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)上，该电源单元包括至少一个电感(L2)。
2.如权利要求1所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，灯负载电路被耦合到工作端子(A1)上。
3.如权利要求1所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，第一开关(S1)是有源电路单元的一部分。
4.如权利要求1所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，第一开关(S1)是用于功率因数校正的有源电路单元的一部分。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，它还包括至少一个第二开关(S2)，该第二开关(S2)具有至少一个工作端子(A2)、参考端子(B2)和控制输入端子(St2)，该第二开关(S2)的工作端子(A2)被耦合到第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)上，以便形成桥式电路，该桥式电路的中心点通过第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)和第二开关(S2)的工作端子(A2)之间的耦合而被定义。
6.如权利要求1-4之一所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，电源单元(12)包括LC谐振电路，电感(L2)是这个LC谐振电路的一部分。
7.如权利要求6所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，电源单元(12)包括串联电路，该串联电路包括第一电容器(C1)、电感(L2)和第一二极管(D1)，电感(L2)和第一电容器(C1)之间的连接点通过电压限制装置被耦合到参考电位。
8.如权利要求7所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，所述电压限制装置是第二二极管(D2)、齐纳二极管(Z1)和/或变阻器。
9.如权利要求7所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，电压限制装置被设计为将第一电容器(C1)和电感(L2)之间的连接点处的电压阶跃限制于可预定的极限值。
10.如权利要求7或8或9所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，电感(L2)和第一二极管(D1)之间的连接点通过第三二极管(D3)被耦合到参考电位。
11.如权利要求9所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，辅助单元(10)的电源端子(V1)还通过串联电路被耦合到第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)上，该串联电路包括第二电容器(C2)和第四二极管(D4)，第二电容器(C2)和第四二极管(D4)之间的连接点通过第五二极管(D5)被耦合到参考电位。
12.如权利要求10所述的电子镇流器，其特征在于，辅助单元(10)的电源端子(V1)还通过串联电路被耦合到第一开关(S1)的工作端子(A1)上，该串联电路包括第二电容器(C2)和第四二极管(D4)，第二电容器(C2)和第四二极管(D4)之间的连接点通过第五二极管(D5)被耦合到参考电位。
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