CN1874683A - 用于防治稻病原体的杀真菌混合物 - Google Patents
用于防治稻病原体的杀真菌混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1874683A CN1874683A CNA2004800321613A CN200480032161A CN1874683A CN 1874683 A CN1874683 A CN 1874683A CN A2004800321613 A CNA2004800321613 A CN A2004800321613A CN 200480032161 A CN200480032161 A CN 200480032161A CN 1874683 A CN1874683 A CN 1874683A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于防治稻病原体的杀真菌混合物，其以协同有效量包含作为活性组分的1)式(I)的三唑并嘧啶衍生物和2)式(II)的拌种咯。本发明还涉及一种使用化合物(I)和化合物(II)的混合物防治稻病原体的方法和化合物(I)和化合物(II)在制备该类混合物中的用途以及含有所述混合物的组合物。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于防治稻病原体的杀真菌混合物，该混合物包含协同有效量的如下化合物作为活性组分：
1)式I的三唑并嘧啶衍生物：
2)式II的拌种咯(fenpiclonil)：
此外，本发明涉及一种使用化合物I与化合物II的混合物防治稻病原体的方法和化合物I与化合物II在制备该类混合物中的用途以及包含这些混合物的组合物。
化合物I，即5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2，4，6-三氟苯基)-[1，2，4]三唑并[1，5-a]嘧啶，其制备及其对有害真菌的作用由文献(WO 98/46607)已知。
化合物II，即4-(2，3-二氯苯基)-1H-吡咯-3-腈，其制备及其对有害真菌的作用同样由文献已知(Proc.1988Br.Crop Prot.Conf.-Pests Dis.，第1卷，第65页；通用名：拌种咯)。
三唑并嘧啶衍生物与拌种咯的混合物以一般方式由EP-A 988 790已知。化合物I包括在该文献的一般性公开中，但并未明确提及。因此，化合物I与拌种咯的组合是新的。
由EP-A 988790已知的协同增效混合物被描述为对禾谷类、水果和蔬菜的各种病害，例如小麦和大麦的霉病或苹果的灰霉病具有杀真菌活性。
由于稻类植物的特殊栽培条件，稻用杀真菌剂必须满足的要求显著不同于禾谷类或水果生长中所用杀真菌剂所必须满足的要求。施用方法存在差异：除了在许多地方常见的叶面施用外，在现代稻栽培中，杀真菌剂在播种过程中或紧接播种之后直接施用于土壤上。杀真菌剂经由根吸收到植物中并在植物的汁液中输送到需要保护的植物部分中。相反，在禾谷类或水果生长中，杀真菌剂通常施用于叶子或水果上；因此，在这些作物中活性化合物的内吸作用显然不太重要。
此外，稻病原体通常不同于禾谷类或水果中的病原体。稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、宫部旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus miyabeanus)和笹木伏革菌(Corticium sasakii，同义词立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))是在稻类植物中最流行的病害病原体。立枯丝核菌是唯一来自Agaricomycetidae亚纲的具有农业重要性的病原体。与大多数其它真菌不同，该真菌不是经由孢子侵袭植物，而是经由菌丝体侵染来侵袭植物。
为此，有关在禾谷类或水果栽培中的杀真菌活性的发现并不能用于稻类作物。
农业实践经验表明，在有害真菌的防治中反复和单一施用单独的活性化合物在很多情况下导致对该类真菌菌株出现快速的选择性，这些菌株对于所述活性化合物已具有天然的或者适应的耐药性。所述活性化合物不再可能有效地防治这些真菌。
为了降低耐药性真菌菌株出现选择性的危险，现在通常使用不同活性化合物的混合物来防治有害真菌。通过组合具有不同作用机理的活性化合物，可以确保在较长的时期内的成功防治。
从进行有效的耐药性治理和以尽可能低的施用率有效防治稻病原体角度看，本发明的目的是提供在活性化合物的总施用量降低下对有害真菌具有改进作用的混合物。
我们已发现该目的由开头所定义的混合物实现。此外，我们还发现，与单独的化合物可能获得的防治相比，同时，即联合或分开施用化合物I和化合物II，或依次施用化合物I和化合物II能够更好地防治稻病原体。
化合物I和化合物II的混合物或同时(即联合或分开)使用的化合物I和化合物II对选自子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)和担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)的稻病原体具有显著的作用。它们可以用于处理种子并用作叶面和土壤作用杀真菌剂。
它们对于防治稻类植物及其种子上的有害真菌，例如平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属以及稻瘟病菌尤其重要。它们特别适于防治由宫部旋孢腔菌引起的稻褐斑病。
此外，本发明化合物I和II的组合还适于防治其它病原体，例如禾谷类中的壳针孢(Septoria)属和柄锈菌(Puccinia)属以及蔬菜、水果和葡萄藤中的链格孢(Alternaria)属和葡萄孢(Botrytis)属。
当制备混合物时，优选使用纯活性化合物I和II，可以根据需要向其中加入其它对抗有害真菌或其它害虫如昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的活性化合物，或除草或生长调节活性化合物或肥料。
其它在上述意义上合适的活性化合物尤其为选自如下的杀真菌剂：
·酰基丙氨酸类，例如苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、霜灵(oxadixyl)，
·胺衍生物，例如aldimorph、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、双胍盐(guazatine)、双胍辛醋酸盐(iminoctadine)、克啉菌(tridemorph)，
·苯胺基嘧啶类，如二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)或环丙嘧啶(cyprodinyl)，
·抗菌素，例如放线菌酮(cycloheximid)、灰黄霉素(griseofulvin)、春雷素(kasugamycin)、多马霉素(natamycin)、多氧霉素(polyoxin)或链霉素(streptomycin)，
·唑类，例如双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromoconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(dinitroconazole)、烯菌灵(enilconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、氟菌唑(triflumizole)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole)，
·二羧酰亚胺类，例如甲菌利(myclozolin)、杀菌利(procymidone)，
·二硫代氨基甲酸盐类，例如福美铁(ferbam)、代森钠(nabam)、威百亩(metam)、甲基代森锌(propineb)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福美锌(ziram)或代森锌(zineb)，
·杂环化合物，例如敌菌灵(anilazine)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、棉隆(dazomet)、唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、咯喹酮(pyroquilon)、硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)、涕必灵(thiabendazole)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、嗪氨灵(triforine)，
·硝基苯基衍生物，例如乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton)、异丙消(nitrophthal-isopropyl)，
·其它杀真菌剂，例如噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、乙霉威(diethofencarb)、克瘟散(edifenphos)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、薯瘟锡(fentin-acetate)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、百维灵(propamocarb)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)，
·嗜球果伞素，例如氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)或唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)，
·次磺酸衍生物，例如敌菌丹(captafol)，
·肉桂酰胺及类似化合物，例如氟联苯菌(flumetover)。
在本发明混合物的一个实施方案中，在化合物I和II中加入另一杀真菌剂III或两种杀真菌剂III和IV。优选化合物I和II与组分III的混合物。特别优选化合物I和II的混合物。
化合物I和化合物II可以同时，即联合或分开施用，或依次施用，在分开施用的情况下，防治措施的结果通常并不受施用顺序的任何影响。
化合物I和化合物II通常以100∶1-1∶100，优选20∶1-1∶20，尤其是2∶1-1∶10的重量比施用。
需要的话，将组分III以及合适的话IV以20∶1-1∶20的比例加入化合物I中。
取决于化合物的种类和所需效果，本发明混合物的施用率为5-2000g/ha，优选50-1500g/ha，尤其是50-900g/ha。
相应地，化合物I的施用率通常为1-1000g/ha，优选10-900g/ha，尤其是20-750g/ha。
相应地，化合物II的施用率通常为1-1500g/ha，优选10-1000g/ha，尤其是20-900g/ha。
在种子处理中，混合物的施用率通常为1-1000g/100kg种子，优选1-750g/100kg，尤其是5-500g/100kg。
在稻类植物病原性有害真菌的防治中，化合物I和化合物II的分开或联合施用或化合物I和II的混合物的施用通过在植物播种之前或之后或在植物出苗之前或之后对种子、秧苗、植物或土壤喷雾或撒粉而进行。优选通过喷雾叶子而联合或分开施用化合物I和II。施用还可以通过施用颗粒或通过对土壤撒粉而进行。
可将本发明的混合物或化合物I和II转化成常规配制剂，例如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉剂、粉末、糊和颗粒。施用形式取决于特定的目的；在每种情况下，应确保本发明化合物精细且均匀地分布。
配制剂以已知方式制备，例如通过将活性化合物与溶剂和/或载体混合而制备，若需要的话使用乳化剂和分散剂。合适的溶剂/助剂主要为：
-水、芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二元醇、脂肪酸二甲基酰胺、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯。原则上还可以使用溶剂混合物。
-载体如磨碎的天然矿物(如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩)和磨碎的合成矿物(如高度分散的硅石、硅酸盐)；乳化剂如非离子和阴离子乳化剂(如聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、烷基磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐)以及分散剂如木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
合适的表面活性剂为木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐，烷基芳基磺酸盐，烷基硫酸盐，烷基磺酸盐，脂肪醇硫酸盐，脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚，还有磺化萘与甲醛的缩合物和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物，萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物，聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚，乙氧基化异辛基酚，辛基酚，壬基酚，烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚，三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚，三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚，烷基芳基聚醚醇，醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物，乙氧基化蓖麻油，聚氧乙烯烷基醚，乙氧基化聚氧丙烯，月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛，山梨醇酯，木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素。
适于制备可直接喷雾的溶液、乳液、糊或油分散体的物质为中至高沸点的矿物油馏分如煤油或柴油，还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油，脂族、环状和芳族烃如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物，甲醇，乙醇，丙醇，丁醇，环己醇，环己酮，异佛尔酮，强极性溶剂如二甲亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水。
粉末、撒播用材料和可撒粉产品可以通过将活性物质与固体载体混合或一起研磨来制备。
颗粒如涂敷颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过使活性化合物与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体实例为矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁，磨碎的合成材料，肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素，以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉，纤维素粉和其它固体载体。
配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量％，优选0.1-90重量％的活性化合物。活性化合物以90-100％，优选95-100％的纯度(根据NMR谱)使用。
下列为配制剂实例：
1.用水稀释的产品
A)水溶性浓缩物(SL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于水或水溶性溶剂中。或者，加入湿润剂或其它助剂。活性化合物经水稀释溶解。
B)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份活性化合物溶于环己酮中并加入分散剂如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体。
C)乳油(EC)
将15重量份活性化合物溶于二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下浓度为5％)。用水稀释得到乳液。
D)乳液(EW，EO)
将40重量份活性化合物溶于二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下浓度为5％)。借助乳化机(Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。
E)悬浮液(SC，OD)
在搅拌的球磨机中，将20重量份活性化合物粉碎并加入分散剂、湿润剂和水或有机溶剂，得到细碎活性化合物悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物悬浮液。
F)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG，SG)
将50重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并加入分散剂和湿润剂，借助工业装置(如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。
G)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP，SP)
将75重量份活性化合物在转子-定子磨中研磨并加入分散剂、湿润剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性化合物分散体或溶液。
2.不经稀释而施用的产品
H)可撒粉粉末(DP)
将5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并与95％的细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到可撒粉产品。
I)颗粒(GR，FG，GG，MG)
将0.5重量份活性化合物细碎研磨并结合95.5％载体。现行方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到不经稀释而施用的颗粒。
J)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性化合物溶于有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到不经稀释而施用的产品。
活性化合物可以直接、以其配制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式(如可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液或分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式)，借助喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播或浇灌来使用。使用形式完全取决于意欲的目的；它们意欲在每种情况下确保本发明活性化合物的最佳可能分布。
含水使用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体，可借助湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者，可以制备由活性物质、湿润剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂和若合适的话溶剂或油组成的浓缩物且该浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用制剂中的活性化合物浓度可在较宽范围内变化。通常为0.0001-10％，优选0.01-1％。
活性化合物也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV)，其中可以施用包含超过95重量％活性化合物的配制剂，或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性化合物。
各种类型的油、湿润剂、辅助剂、除草剂、杀真菌剂、其它农药或杀菌剂都可加入活性化合物中，若合适的话，恰在紧邻使用前加入(桶混合)。这些试剂通常与本发明组合物以1∶10-10∶1的重量比混合。
化合物I和II或混合物或对应的配制剂通过用杀真菌有效量的混合物，或在分开施用的情况下化合物I和II处理有害真菌或需要防治它们的植物、种子、土壤、区域、材料或空间而施用。施用可以在有害真菌侵染之前或之后进行。
化合物和混合物的杀真菌作用可以通过下列试验证实：
将活性化合物分开或联合制备成含有0.25重量％活性化合物的丙酮或DMSO储液。将1重量％的乳化剂UniperolEL(基于乙氧基化烷基酚的具有乳化和分散作用的湿润剂)加入该溶液中，并用水将该溶液稀释至所需浓度。
应用实施例—对由宫部旋孢腔菌引起的稻褐斑病的活性，保护性施用
将栽培品种为“Tai-Nong 67”的盆栽稻秧苗的叶子用活性化合物浓度如下所述的含水悬浮液喷雾至滴流点。第二天用宫部旋孢腔菌的含水孢子悬浮液接种植物。然后将试验植物置于22-24℃和95-99％相对大气湿度的气候调节室中达六天。然后肉眼测定叶子上侵染的发展程度。
通过测定侵染植物百分数而进行评价。将这些百分数转化成效力。
使用Abbot公式按如下计算效力(E)：
E＝(1-α/β)·100
α对应于处理植物的真菌侵染百分数，和
β对应于未处理(对照)植物的真菌侵染百分数。
效力为0表示处理植物的侵染水平相当于未处理对照植物的侵染水平；效力为100表示处理植物未受侵染。
活性化合物混合物的预期效力使用Colby公式[R.S.Colby，，Weeds(杂草)，
15，20-22(1967)]确定并与观察到的效力比较。
Colby公式：E＝x+y-x·y/100
E使用浓度为a和b的活性化合物A和B的混合物时的预期效力，以相对于未处理对照的％表示，
x使用浓度为a的活性化合物A时的效力，以相对于未处理对照的％表示，
y使用浓度为b的活性化合物B时的效力，以相对于未处理对照的％表示。
所用对比化合物为化合物A和B，其由EP-A 988790中所述的拌种咯混合物已知：
表A-单独的活性化合物
| 实施例 | 活性化合物 | 活性化合物在喷雾液中的浓度[ppm] | 效力，相对于未处理对照的％ |
| 1 | 对照(未处理) | - | (87％侵染) |
| 2 | I | 1 | 8 |
| 3 | II(拌种咯) | 41 | 00 |
| 4 | 对比化合物A | 1 | 20 |
| 5 | 对比化合物B | 1 | 20 |
表B-本发明混合物
| 实施例 | 活性化合物的混合物浓度混合比 | 观察到的效力 | 计算的效力*) |
| 6 | I+II1+1ppm1∶1 | 43 | 8 |
| 7 | I+II1+4ppm1∶4 | 54 | 8 |
*)使用Colby公式计算的效力
表C-对比试验
| 实施例 | 活性化合物的混合物浓度混合比 | 观察到的效力 | 计算的效力*) |
| 8 | A+II1+1ppm1∶1 | 0 | 20 |
| 9 | A+II1+4ppm1∶4 | 20 | 20 |
| 10 | B+II1+1ppm1∶1 | 0 | 20 |
| 11 | B+II1+4ppm1∶4 | 20 | 20 |
*)使用Colby公式计算的效力
尽管在可比的施用率下对比化合物作为单独的活性化合物比化合物I更有效，但试验结果表明本发明混合物由于强协同增效作用比由EP-A 988790已知的拌种咯混合物显著更有效。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于防治稻病原体的杀真菌混合物，该混合物包含协同有效量的如下化合物：
1)式I的三唑并嘧啶衍生物：
和
2)式II的拌种咯：
2.如权利要求1所要求的杀真菌混合物，以100∶1-1∶100的重量比包含式I化合物和式II化合物。
3.一种杀真菌组合物，包含液体或固体载体和如权利要求1或2所要求的混合物。
4.一种防治稻病原有害真菌的方法，其包括用有效量的如权利要求1所述的化合物I和化合物II处理真菌、其栖息地或需要防止真菌侵袭的植物、土壤或种子。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中同时，即联合或分开，或依次施用如权利要求1所述的化合物I和II。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，其中以5-2000g/ha的量施用如权利要求1或2所要求的混合物。
7.根据权利要求4-6中任一项的方法，其中防治有害真菌宫部旋孢腔菌。
8.根据权利要求4或5的方法，其中以1-1000g/100kg种子的量施用如权利要求1或2所要求的混合物。
9.种子，以1-1000g/100kg的量包含如权利要求1或2所要求的混合物。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物I和化合物II在制备适于防治稻病原性有害真菌的组合物中的用途。
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