CN1873358A - 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1873358A
CN1873358A CNA2006100842005A CN200610084200A CN1873358A CN 1873358 A CN1873358 A CN 1873358A CN A2006100842005 A CNA2006100842005 A CN A2006100842005A CN 200610084200 A CN200610084200 A CN 200610084200A CN 1873358 A CN1873358 A CN 1873358A
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air
turbine
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G·V·M·S·普拉萨德
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在采用低温蒸馏单元通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法中，所述低温蒸馏单元包括：至少一个包括高压塔(2)和低压塔(3)的双塔(1)，其中空气在压缩机(C)中被压缩到第一压力，在该第一压力下经冷却和净化的空气在第一和第二增压压缩机(8，11)中被压缩到第二压力，然后在热交换器(5)中被冷却，在第二压力的至少部分空气在具有第一入口温度的第一涡轮机(12)中被冷却和膨胀，其中在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的第一部分空气被送入高压塔，而在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的第二部分空气被送入热交换器进行加热，被加热的第二部分空气在第二涡轮机(9)中经膨胀后，返回到热交换器并被进一步加热，部分空气在第一增压压缩机(8)中被压缩到介于该第一压力和第二压力之间的压力，再被送入热交换器，被冷却、液化、并送到双塔的至少一个塔内。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置
本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置。其应用于空气中气体的分离和液化以及应用于空气的蒸馏用装置。其涉及通过两个涡轮机内空气的膨胀使用制冷产物的方法。部分空气在被称为冷涡轮机的第一涡轮机中膨胀，来自该第一涡轮机的部分流体随后在被称为热涡轮机的第二涡轮机中膨胀。
在美国专利5157926A中，所有的压缩空气在两个串联的增压器中被增压。然后在高压涡轮机中被冷却和膨胀，随后上述空气的一部分在低压涡轮机中再次膨胀。
由于机械问题，这种布置限制了大型空气分离工厂中液体变成气体的比例。在热增压机和热膨胀器的流动中存在很大的流量差别。
本发明旨在提供一种能够提高制冷效率的方法。
根据本发明，提供一种采用低温蒸馏单元通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述低温蒸馏单元包括至少一个包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔，其中空气在压缩机中被压缩到第一压力，在该第一压力下被冷却和净化的空气在第一和第二增压压缩机中被压缩到第二压力，然后在热交换器中被冷却，至少部分第二压力下的空气被送入该热交换器，被冷却、液化、并且送到所述双塔的至少一个塔内，并且至少部分空气在第一增压压缩机中被压缩到介于第一压力和第二压力之间的压力，并在具有第一入口温度的第一涡轮机中被冷却和膨胀，在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的空气的第一部分被送到高压塔，在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的空气的第二部分被送到热交换器进行加热，经加热的第二部分空气在第二涡轮机中膨胀，返回到该热交换器并被进一步加热。
根据本发明的进一步可选择的方面：
-被压缩到中间压力并且然后被冷却的所有空气送到第一涡轮机；
-生成至少一种液体产物；
-第一增压压缩机被连接到第一涡轮机，并且第二增压压缩机被连接到第二涡轮机。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置，该装置包括：包括高压塔和低压塔的双塔，压缩机，第一和第二涡轮机，第一和第二增压压缩机，和热交换器，用于将第一压力下的空气从压缩机送到串连的第一和第二增压压缩机的设施，用于将第二压力下的空气从第二增压机的出口送到热交换器并且由此到双塔的至少一个塔的设施。用于从第一增压压缩机移走空气的设施，以及用于将从第一增压机移出的空气送到热交换器并且到第一涡轮机的设施，用于将空气从第一涡轮机送到高压塔的设施，用于将空气从第一涡轮机送到热交换器的冷端的设施，用于将从第一涡轮机送到热交换器的空气从热交换器的中间点移走的设施，用于将移出的空气送到第二涡轮机的设施以及用于将空气从第二涡轮机返回热交换器的设施。
可以有用于将在第一增压压缩机中压缩的所有空气送到第一涡轮机的设施。
第一增压压缩机可以连接到第一涡轮机并且第二增压压缩机连接到第二涡轮机。
该装置可以包括氩气塔以及用于将浓缩氩气流从低压塔送到该氩气塔的设施。
现在将对照附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，其中：
图1为根据本发明用于空气的蒸馏的装置的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的液化循环的热交换图表。
图1所示的空气蒸馏装置用于生产气态和液态的氧、氮和氩。其包括双蒸馏塔1，后者包括在约6巴的绝对压力下运行的高压塔2，低压塔3被置于其上，所述低压塔在略大于大气压力下运行。塔2的顶部中的气体(氮)与塔3的液体(氧)通过汽化-冷凝器4进行间接热交换。
该装置还包括流体热交换关系为逆流循环的热交换组5，和两个涡轮机增压机单元6和7。单元6包括增压机8和装配在同一根轴10上的高温低压涡轮机9，单元7包括增压机11和装配在同一根轴13上的低温高压涡轮机12。这两个增压机8和11串联安装。
待分离的空气在压缩机C中被压缩到绝对压力为大约20巴，在净化单元A中净化后除去了水和CO2，通过第一增压机11被增压到大约32巴。然后该气流被一分为二。第一部分空气P1被送入热交换组并在热交换组5的管中被冷却到温度T1，例如大约-125℃。然后其通过管17流出热交换组5并在涡轮机12中膨胀到6巴的绝对压力，空气P1在其露点附近离开上述涡轮机12。该空气的一部分，例如四分之一，可以继续冷却直到到达该热交换组14的冷端。
第二部分空气P2在第二增压机8中被进一步压缩到38巴，然后通过在管14内从其高温端流到其低温端被冷却，并且以液体状态离开管道14，随后，经由管15，在膨胀阀16中膨胀而降到6巴，并且在高压塔2的下部被注入。该液态空气可以膨胀到更低的压力并被注入到塔3中。
所有的空气(或剩余空气)为38巴。
源自涡轮机12的部分空气，例如相当于压缩到20巴绝对压力的初始气流的约1/10，通过管18被送到塔2，剩余部分在热交换组的管19中被加热，从后者的冷端被加热至远高于温度T1的温度T2。该温度T2例如可以是在室温与大约-20℃之间。
如此被加热的空气通过管20从热交换组输出并在涡轮机9内膨胀到约大气压力，其在接近T1的温度离开涡轮机9。然后上述空气通过管21被再次引入到热交换器，其在管22内被加热到室温，在最终用于冷却吸附剂(净化输入的空气所用的吸附剂)和/或冷却该装置的主压缩机的输出空气之后从该装置中排出。
作为变化，如图1所示，源自涡轮机9的所有空气可以被加热直到到达热交换组的热端，然后被送至大气。
该装置的剩余部分是众所周知的：在塔2中收集的富流体LR(富氧空气)在副冷却器25中通过加热来自低压塔3的顶部的剩余氮而受二次冷却，然后其在膨胀阀26中膨胀，之后被送入塔3；从塔2上部排出的基本上由氮组成的贫流体LP在副冷却器25中受二次冷却，然后在膨胀阀28中膨胀，之后流体也被送入塔3。该装置产生液态氮，所述液态氮通过管29在塔2的顶部排出，其在副冷却器25中受二次冷却，在膨胀阀30内膨胀到大约大气压力并贮存在容器31内。液态氧通过管32从塔3排出，并在副冷却器25中受二次冷却。后者被从塔3的顶部经管34排出的剩余氮冷却。从塔3的底部以气体的形式排出的氧35在主热交换器中被加热以冷却进入的空气。从塔3的顶部排出的另一产品低压氮37同样流经副冷却器和主热交换器以冷却其它进入的气体和液体。
该方法还包括管38，其用于从该低压塔3向氩塔39输送富氩气流。氩在除氮塔41中被进一步净化。这部分的方法完全是标准的，不需详细描述。
参照图2，其中温度以℃在x轴显示，热流在y轴给出，下面的那根曲线C1表示被冷却和净化的空气的热流的变化，上面的那根曲线C2表示被加热的气体的热流的变化。由此可见：
低温涡轮机12处理高流量空气，其入口和出口温度接近空气的液化区域，也就是说，尽管低温涡轮机在低温下运行，其产生更多的冷量，此外，其在正好需要大量制冷来液化空气、并且在另一方面热损失为最大的温度区域产生该冷量；高温涡轮机处理小流量的空气，通过确保从6巴膨胀到1巴，可以恢复为在前面温度区域之上的基本温度区域，其中通过涡轮机来确保冷却。因此，涡轮机9产生覆盖大温度区域的少量制冷量。
综上所述，图1的装置导致液化的比能降低。同样还值得注意的是循环在管18中的高压空气可方便地接近其露点，这对于双塔的蒸馏是有意义的。

Claims (7)

1.采用低温蒸馏单元通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述低温蒸馏单元包括至少一个包括高压塔(2)和低压塔(3)的双塔(1)，其中空气在压缩机中被压缩到第一压力，在该第一压力下被冷却和净化的空气在第一和第二增压压缩机(11，8)中被压缩到第二压力，然后在热交换器(5)中被冷却，送到热交换器的第二压力下的至少部分空气(15)被冷却、液化、并且送到所述双塔的至少一个塔内，并且至少部分空气在第一增压压缩机中被压缩到介于第一压力和第二压力之间的压力，并在具有第一入口温度的第一涡轮机(12)中冷却和膨胀，在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的该空气的第一部分被送入该高压塔，而在该第一涡轮机中膨胀的该空气的第二部分(19)被送入热交换器进行加热，被加热的第二部分空气在第二涡轮机(9)中膨胀，返回到该热交换器并被进一步加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中被压缩到中间压力并且然后被冷却的所有空气在不进一步压缩的情况下被送入第一涡轮机(12)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中生成至少一种液体产物。
4.根据在前述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中第一增压压缩机(11)被连接到第一涡轮机(12)，第二增压压缩机(8)被连接到第二涡轮机(9)。
5.通过低温蒸馏分离空气的装置，该装置包括：包括高压塔(2)和低压塔(3)的双塔(1)，压缩机(C)，第一和第二涡轮机(12，9)，第一和第二增压压缩机(11，8)，和热交换器(5)，用于将第一压力下的空气从压缩机送到串连的第一和第二增压压缩机的设施，用于将第二压力下的空气从第二增压机的出口送到热交换器并且由此到双塔的至少一个塔的设施，用于从第一增压压缩机移走空气的设施，以及用于将从第一增压机移出的空气送到热交换器并且到第一涡轮机的设施，用于将空气从第一涡轮机送到高压塔的设施，用于将空气从第一涡轮机送到热交换器的冷端的设施，用于将从第一涡轮机送到热交换器的空气从热交换器的中间点移走的设施，用于将移出的空气送到第二涡轮机的设施以及用于将空气从第二涡轮机返回热交换器的设施。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其中第一增压压缩机的出口仅与第一涡轮机的入口连接。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的装置，其中第一增压压缩机(11)被连接到第一涡轮机(12)，第二增压压缩机(8)被连接到第二涡轮机(9)。
CNA2006100842005A 2005-05-20 2006-05-19 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置 Pending CN1873358A (zh)

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