CN1179181C - 空气低温分离生产压缩产品的方法和设备 - Google Patents

空气低温分离生产压缩产品的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1179181C
CN1179181C CNB01109513XA CN01109513A CN1179181C CN 1179181 C CN1179181 C CN 1179181C CN B01109513X A CNB01109513X A CN B01109513XA CN 01109513 A CN01109513 A CN 01109513A CN 1179181 C CN1179181 C CN 1179181C
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罗特曼·迪特里希
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孔茨·克里斯蒂安
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在包括高压塔(13)和低压塔(14)的精馏系统中、通过空气低温分离而生产压缩产品的方法和设备。将至少包括第一、第二进料空气流的总空气流压缩到低于高压塔操作压力(PHDS)的第一压力(P1)；并大约在此第一压力(P1)下进行净化；净化后的总空气流被分成第一和第二进料空气流；已与第二进料空气流分开的第一进料空气流，被进一步压缩到第二压力(P2)，该压力至少等于高压塔的操作压力(PHDS)。

Description

空气低温分离生产压缩产品的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种采用低温空气分离从包括高压塔和低压塔的精馏系统生产的气态压缩产品中生产压缩产品的方法。在本发明中，混合塔操作压力低于氮-氧分离所用两塔系统中高压塔的操作压力。
本发明精馏系统可以建成两塔系统，例如经典的双塔系统；但也可以是三塔或者多塔系统。除了氮-氧分离塔外，可能还有生产其它空气组分尤其是稀有气体(如氪、氙和/或氩)的设施。
用作混合塔原料的富氧馏分，氧浓度高于空气中的氧浓度，例如可以达到70％～99.5mol％，优选90％～98mol％。混合塔是逆流接触塔，挥发性较强的气态馏分与挥发性较差的液态馏分逆流接触。
本发明尤其适于生产带压的气态不纯氧。此处不纯氧的意思是氧含量为99.5mol％或更低、特别是70％～99.5mol％的混合物。所得产品的压力是，例如2.2～4.9巴，优选2.5～4.5巴。很明显，如果需要，该压缩产品可以在气态下进一步压缩。
开头所述的这类方法和设施已在EP697576A1中公开。该专利中全部空气压缩到大约高压塔的压力，然后用一部分混合塔空气膨胀作功，使混合塔空气膨胀到混合塔的操作压力。采用这种方法，尽管这部分空气流的高压可以用来制冷，但该方法在各种情况下对节约能量都不利。
本发明的目的是给出能耗特别低的、开头所述的方法以及相关设备。
本发明的目的是通过如下方式实现的：将至少包括第一、第二进料空气流的总空气流压缩到低于高压塔操作压力(PHDS)的第一压力(P1)；并大约在此第一压力(P1)下进行净化；净化后的总空气流被分成第一和第二进料空气流；已与第二进料空气流分开的第一进料空气流，被进一步压缩到第二压力(P2)，该压力至少等于高压塔的操作压力(PHDS)。
因此，总空气流并非要压缩到系统最高压力，而是压缩到一个较低的值。而需要较高压力的那种或那些空气馏分，特别是高压塔的空气，要单独进一步压缩到目标值。这样，本发明的方法在压缩进料空气时，能耗可以做到尽可能的低。
如果第一压力大约等于混合塔操作压力，就可以实现最低的设备成本。在这种情况下，混合塔空气(第二进料空气流)无需进一步改变压力就可引入混合塔。
或者，第一压力可以低于混合塔操作压力(PMiS)。这种情况下，已与第一进料空气流分开的第二进料空气流要进一步压缩到第三压力(P3)，该压力至少等于混合塔操作压力(PMiS)。
优选地，在引入混合塔之前，液态的带压富氧馏分用过热空气流进行间接加热。例如过热空气流可以是进料空气的一部分，其压力处于高压塔的压力。该空气流是在主换热器的中间温度下取出，在主换热器内进料空气被冷却到露点左右；所说空气流无需进一步改变温度就可与富氧液体进行间接换热。采用这种方式，进入混合塔的液体的温度可以与混合塔内逆流传质的条件形成最佳匹配。
本发明方法中，通过第三进料空气流膨胀作功并引入低压塔，以最有利的方式制冷。这样，可以利用第一压力和其它压力之间的“自然”压降来弥补绝热损失，或者如果适当的话，使一部分产品液化。
优选地，第三进料空气流在膨胀作功之前进行再压缩，尤其是在利用膨胀作功所产生的机械能驱动再压缩的情况下。此时，可以联合使用透平和增压机，使膨胀透平和再压缩机通过一根共用轴达到机械联合。
第三进料空气流可以压缩到第一压力，并与第一、第二进料空气流一起净化。然后它可以直接进行再压缩，或者仍然与第一进料空气流一起再压缩。
或者，为了把第三进料空气流注入低压塔，第二进料空气流在进一步压缩后、但在进入混合塔之前，进行膨胀作功。进一步压缩要达到明显高于混合塔压力的第二压力。
本发明也涉及在包括高压塔和低压塔的精馏系统中、通过空气低温分离而生产压缩产品的设备。
在下面参照附图，用示范的实施方案详细阐述本发明及其进一步的细节。此处：
图1表示用部分空气被压缩到第一压力时进行膨胀作功的方法和设备；
图2表示用部分空气被压缩到第二压力时进行膨胀作功的改进方法；
图3表示用混合塔空气进行膨胀作功的方法；
图4表示图1的另一种改进方案，即透平空气没有进行再压缩。
在图1所示的方法中，进料空气1送入带后冷的两段空气压缩机2，压缩到第一压力P1，例如约2.7～3.7巴，优选约3.2巴；在此压力下进入净化设施3，该设施优选由一对分子筛吸附器构成。净化后的总空气流4分成3个支流5、6、7。
第一进料空气流5在第一再压缩机8中进一步压缩到第二压力P2，例如4.4～7.0巴，优选约5.7巴；再经后冷器9流入主换热器10。第一进料空气流在露点温度下通过管线11离开主换热器10；经管线12送入高压塔13。高压塔13的操作压力PHDS可以是例如4.3～6.9巴，优选约5.6巴。另外，该精馏系统还拥有低压塔14，其操作压力在例如1.3～1.7巴，优选约1.5巴。
第二进料空气流6也在大约第一压力P1(减去洗涤设备的管线损失和压力降)下通过主换热器10，最终经过管线15流入混合塔。进料点紧临混合塔16的塔底上方。
第三空气流7在第二再压缩机17中，从第一压力P1再压缩到第三压力P3，例如3.8～5.6巴，  优选约4.7巴；然后经过后冷却器18、管线19送入主换热器的热端。但是它仅仅被冷却到中间温度，就从主换热器10的冷端之前经管线50抽出，并在透平20中膨胀作功。膨胀后的空气21注入低压塔14。再压缩机17和透平20是直接的机械联合。
在示范的实施方案中，精馏系统设计成经典的Linde双塔设施，它具有冷凝-蒸发器22作为主冷凝器。但是，本发明也可以使用有其它冷凝器和/或塔结构的精馏系统。
从高压塔13底部出来的富氧液流23，在第一个过冷逆流换热器24中冷却，通过节流阀25后从中间部位26送入低压塔14。从高压塔13顶部出来的气态氮27，其中一部分28在主换热器10中被加热，并作为压缩氮产品29产出；其余部分30在主冷凝器22中基本完全冷凝。此处所产液氮31，其中至少一部分32作为回流引入高压塔13。如果需要，另一部分33可以作为液态产品取出。高压塔的中间液流34(不纯氮)通过过冷器24和节流阀35之后可作为低压塔的回流。来自低压塔塔顶的气态不纯氮36经换热器24和10被加热，最终经管线37抽出。如图示，它可作为净化设施3的再生气。
液态氧38从低压塔塔底抽出，经泵39压力达到如5.7～6.5巴，优选约6.1巴，然后在第二个过冷逆流换热器40中加热，最终(41)引入混合塔16的顶部。在第二个过冷逆流换热器40中，过热空气流42被冷却，该空气流是从处于主换热器冷端的第一进料空气流上游(upstream)分出的，更精确地说，是在低于透平20入口温度的中间温度下抽出的。该空气流冷却后经管线43再与第一进料空气流11汇合。借助阀44，可以设定流经第二过冷逆流换热器的空气流数量。
气态不纯压缩氧51从混合塔16顶部抽出，在主换热器10中加热后作为产品52产出。从混合塔抽出塔底液体45和塔中部液体46，分别经管线47和48送入低压塔14的适当部位。
图2与图1的不同仅在于第三进料空气流207与第二进料空气流一起在第一个再压缩机108中进一步压缩。结果，在透平20达到更高的入口压力，相应地产出更多冷量。
在图3所示的改进方案中，净化设施在高于混合塔操作压力PMiS的第一压力P1′下操作。此处的第一压力P1′是例如2.7～3.7巴，优选约3.2巴。第二进料空气流306在进入混合塔的上游膨胀。不存在进入低压塔的第三进料空气流。第二进料空气流306在从净化的总空气流中分出之后于第二再压缩机317中进一步压缩，该压缩机由透平320驱动。进一步压缩后第二进料空气流349的压力例如为3.8～5.6巴，优选约4.7巴，经管线350送入透平320，膨胀作功，约达到混合塔压力PMiS。
在图4的方法中，类似于图3的情况，净化段3在特别低的第一压力P1″下操作，例如2.7～3.7巴，优选约3.2巴。像图1那样，透平420处理第三进料空气流407、450，但此处不是再压缩，而是直接膨胀作功，大约从第一压力P1″降低到约低压塔压力。再压缩机418由透平驱动，进一步将第二进料空气流压缩到第二压力P2，该压力大致等于混合塔的操作压力PMiS。
在所有的示范实施方案中，空气压缩机和再压缩机8、108优选具有三段压缩机那样的联合结构。换句话说，相当于第一进料空气流的进一步压缩是在压缩机的第三段进行的，而第一、第二段则用于压缩净化设施3上游的空气。另外，压缩机也可以是4段，这种情况下，前三段排列在净化设施3之前。

Claims (9)

1、一种在包括高压塔(13)和低压塔(14)的精馏系统中、通过空气低温分离而生产压缩产品的方法，其中：
·第一进料空气流(12)被引入高压塔(13)；
·来自低压塔(14)的富氧馏分(38)，通过升压设备(39)在液态下加压，再通过液体管线(41)引入混合塔(16)；
·第二进料空气流(6、15、306、406)被引入混合塔(16)的下半部，且与液体管线(41)的富氧馏分进行逆流接触；
·混合塔(16)操作压力PMiS低于高压塔(13)的操作压力PHDS；以及
·从混合塔(16)上半部取出气态塔顶产品(51)，并作为压缩产品(52)产出；
其特征在于：
·含有第一和第二进料空气流的总空气流(1)经空气压缩机(2)压缩到低于高压塔(13)操作压力PHDS的第一压力P1，并大约在此第一压力P1下进行净化；
·净化后的总空气流(4)被分成第一(5)和第二(6、306、406)进料空气流；以及
·已与第二进料空气流分开的第一进料空气流(5)进一步压缩(8、108)到第二压力P2，该压力至少等于高压塔(13)的操作压力PHDS。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一压力P1大约等于混合塔(16)的操作压力PMiS。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于第一压力低于混合塔(16)的操作压力PMiS；已与第一进料空气流分开的第二进料空气流(306、406)进一步压缩到第三压力P3，该压力至少等于混合塔(16)的操作压力PMIS
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，液态带压的富氧馏分，在经液体管线(41)引入混合塔(16)之前，通过用过热空气流(42)进行间接换热器(40)而使之加热。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第三进料空气流(7、50、207、407、450)经膨胀作功，并将膨胀空气(21)引入低压塔(14)。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第三进料空气流(7)在膨胀作功之前被再压缩，并将膨胀作功所产生的机械能用于进行再压缩。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第三进料空气流(7、207)是由净化后总空气流的一部分构成，并直接送去再压缩，或者与第一进料空气流联合再压缩后送去再压缩。
8、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第二进料空气流(306、349、350)在引入混合塔之前膨胀作功。
9、一种在包括高压塔(13)和低压塔(14)的精馏系统中、通过空气低温分离而生产压缩产品的设备，其中包括：
·通往高压塔(13)的第一进料空气流管线；
·将富氧馏分从低压塔(14)取出并通往混合塔(16)的液体管线(38、41)，包括升压设备(39)；
·通往混合塔(16)下半部的第二进料空气流管线；以及
·连接到混合塔(16)上半部的氧产品管线；
其特征在于：
·总空气流管线，该管线经空气压缩机(2)和净化设施(3)，在下游与第一和第二进料空气流管线相连；以及
·设置于第一进料空气流管线上的再压缩机(8、108)。
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