CN1849908A - Method for controlling smooth cord-grass by deep developing and utilizing it - Google Patents
Method for controlling smooth cord-grass by deep developing and utilizing it Download PDFInfo
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- CN1849908A CN1849908A CNA2006100407494A CN200610040749A CN1849908A CN 1849908 A CN1849908 A CN 1849908A CN A2006100407494 A CNA2006100407494 A CN A2006100407494A CN 200610040749 A CN200610040749 A CN 200610040749A CN 1849908 A CN1849908 A CN 1849908A
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- spartina alterniflora
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of ecological engineering technology. It is characterized by that said invention utilizes the ecological engineering design, and fully utilizes the rich biomass and bioactive substances to convert the mollugo pentaphylla into the resource with higher economic benefits.
Description
One, technical field
This invention belongs to the ecological engineering technology field.
Two, background technology
Spartina alterniflora (Spartina aterniflora) originates in the U.S., is a kind of perennial sabkha plant that is grown in mud matter intertidal zone.The Spartina alterniflora plant is sturdy tall and big, the root system hypertrophy, ground and underground biomass are all very big, it highly generally can reach 1.0～2.0m on the ground, root system gos deep into beach soil and can reach about 1.5m, therefore, the Spartina alterniflora have stronger wind resistance disappear wave, protect beach shore protection, created land with silt, greening seabeach, improve the effects such as environmental quality in mud matter beach area.China's seashore line length, coastal area mud matter beach ratio height, area is big.China introduces a fine variety before the Spartina alterniflora, and the coastal area is attacked by natural calamities such as storm tide, typhoon often, and coastal sea wall large tracts of land is impaired, causes very big harm for coastal area economy and people's lives and properties.For protecting the beach shore protection; protection coastal area economy and people's life wealth; through State Council approved this; taught the end of the year 1979 by the Zhong Chongxin of Nanjing University the Spartina alterniflora is introduced China; planted experimentally successfully at the Fujian beach in 1980; expanding species is to Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shandong and other places gradually after nineteen eighty-two, and beginning is being protected beach shore protection, created land with silt, promotion economy development of coastal area, improved many-sides such as beach ecological environment and mitigation and bringing into play huge effect.Yet the Spartina alterniflora is as a kind of alien species, and it is prosperous to have a growth, plant Gao Ermi, biomass is huge, has powerful biological properties such as sexual and asexual multiplication ability, through the development of more than two decades, the Spartina alterniflora forms 50,000 hm in China coastal sludge matter area
2Above Alien invasive species advantage group.Owing to occupy large tracts of land light beach, thereby changed the view on mud matter light beach and the habitat of native country species, squeezed and substituted some native country species etc.China's coastal sludge matter beach area bio-diversity and culture fishery etc. have been produced certain harmful effect and negative effect: 1. the rice grass is occupied the place that intertidal shellfish is cultured, cause the shellfish carelessly can't free activity and healthy growth in the beach at intensive rice, even meeting death by suffocation, some shellfishes have to migrate to outside the careless beach of rice; 2. some harbor districts also because Spartina alterniflora's intrusion alluvial is accelerated, influence ship and come in and go out; 3. summer and autumn the Spartina alterniflora fallen leaves along with tidewater drifts about everywhere, enter the algal culture ground in beach or shallow sea, will be to laver, production of marine algas such as sea-tangle and the certain influence of the quality of product generation; 4. a large amount of Spartina alternifloras' biomass energy is not utilized and dries up in beach, and marine environment has been caused secondary pollution etc. again.In order to alleviate Spartina alterniflora's negative effect, control Spartina alterniflora's commonly used measure has both at home and abroad at present: physics control, Chemical Control and biological control etc.Physics control: mainly be hand digging and mechanical removal, be a kind of and drop into and do not have a control method of output, weak effect.Need government's investment and organizing ability's row to carry out, be difficult to continue with permanent; Chemical method: use herbicide, but herbicide can only be removed the face of land usually with top, relatively poor for the seed effect in underground root system and the beach soil, and have pollution problem; Biological control: use animal natural enemy and pathogenic microorganisms to prevent and treat Alien invasive species.As Alien invasive species, its invasion ground also often lacks its natural enemy, and its natural enemy and pathogenic microorganisms generally also are denizens, and these external natural enemies also face the restriction of environmental factors such as weather and face the difficult problem of surviving the winter, and have great ecological risk, still be in the experimental stage.Therefore, Spartina alterniflora's the control problem difficult problem that become international.Thus, the Spartina alterniflora was listed in 16 kinds of invasive species blacklists of China in 2003 by State Bureau of Environmental Protection.
Three, summary of the invention
(1) the present invention's problem that need solve is:
1. physical control time-consuming, require great effort, have high input and do not have an income, the control weak effect, the enthusiasm that people participate in preventing and treating is not high, and needs government to provide funds in a large number and organize manpower and materials, is difficult to the problem of Sustainable Control;
2. the undesirable and problem of environment pollution caused of Chemical Control effect;
3. biology such as the natural enemy that uses during BIOLOGICAL CONTROL and pathogenic microorganisms also is a denizen, has the difficulty of surviving the winter of natural enemy, the problem of prevention effect difference, also exists great problems of ecological security;
4. how to realize Sustainable Control and realize the problem that economic benefit, ecological benefits and economic benefit are unified.
(2) concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The Spartina alterniflora is contained abundant fiber, mineral matter and bioactivator, utilizes the Spartina alterniflora by deep development, makes health-care additive after its extract is concentrated and is used to produce food, beverage, beer, health products etc.; The further fermentation process of Spartina alterniflora's residue after extracting is made into feed; Spartina alterniflora's residue after organic fertilizer etc. maybe will extract is used for papermaking etc.; added value with further raising Spartina alterniflora; the Spartina alterniflora is become have the resource that is worth than large economy; improve enthusiasm and initiative that people utilize the Spartina alterniflora greatly; improve peasant and fisherman's income; promote that the fisherman abandons fishing from farming; help protecting fishery resourses; by utilizing the Spartina alterniflora to realize the purpose of Spartina alterniflora's control has been realized economic benefit in a large number; ecological benefits and social benefit three's organic unity.
Concrete grammar is:
Results when (1) Spartina alterniflora being selected: select active component to enrich, gather in easily and gather in the crops period;
(2) will gather in the crops Spartina alterniflora's stalk well cleans, dries, shreds with clean clear water;
(3) desalination and extracts active ingredients;
(4), obtain the Spartina alterniflora's extract that concentrates with the extract decompression distillation---be the dense thick paste of brown;
(5) with the Spartina alterniflora's extract after concentrating in (4) as additive;
(6) the Spartina alterniflora's solid residue after effective component extracting and the desalination is utilized again;
(7) multipath utilizes the Spartina alterniflora, the Spartina alterniflora that will have high-biomass transforms into the plant resources that has than the large economy benefit, improved the enthusiasm that people initiatively gathered in the crops, utilized the Spartina alterniflora, when utilizing the Spartina alterniflora to obtain economic benefit in a large number, realization is a kind of good method to Spartina alterniflora's control of continuation to effective control of Spartina alterniflora.
Discover constituent content in the seawater than the constituent content in the crustal rock more near the constituent content level of human blood, the Spartina alterniflora is grown in this special habitat, intertidal zone that tide rises, accept the seawater nurture, can produce and accumulate a large amount of its degeneration-resistant physiological secondary metabolites that helps, these materials are of value to the bioactive ingredients of animal and human's body: Cruz (1997) often and find that the rice grass contains the cancer-resisting substance vincristine; Discovery Spartina alternifloras such as Nanjing University's admiration not only contain abundant mineral matter, human body must trace element as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and contain 14 kinds of important elements such as Se, I, Co, also contain flavonoids, organic acid, Polyphenols, saponin(e, anthraquinone glycoside, coumarin and abundant materials such as vitamin (admiration, Xie Min, 1988.Nature Journal, 11 (12): 931-933; Admiration, Xie Min, 1990.Nature Journal, 13 (4): 226-227); The research (admiration, Zhong Chongxin, the application study of rice grass, 1992, Maritime Press, Beijing) of " content of selenium, distribution, form and utilization thereof among the Spartina alterniflora " has been done in admiration etc.; Spartina alterniflora's extract is carried out toxicology test such as acute toxicity test, mutagenicity test, subchronic toxicity test, tertogenicity test etc., prove that it is safety non-toxic (admiration, Zhong Chongxin, the application study of rice grass, 1992, Maritime Press, Beijing); Research (admiration, the Zhong Chongxin of the influence research of having done " mineral water is to rat immunity and motor function " (mineral water---add the water of the careless extract of flower rice), " the biological mineral breast is to animal and human motion and Immune Effects " (biological mineral breast---add the milk of Spartina alterniflora's extract) united in admiration and former Nanjing Medical College Jiang Yun Shen etc., the application study of rice grass, 1992, Maritime Press, Beijing); Admiration and the Zhang Kangxuan of Nanjing Pharmaceuticals Inst unite (admiration, Zhong Chongxin such as " local antiinflammation and the immunocompetence thereof " research of having done general flavone in Spartina alterniflora's extract and the immunology research of " biological mineral breast ", the application study of rice grass, 1992, Maritime Press, Beijing).These results of study show that all Spartina alterniflora's extract has serial health effects such as anti-inflammatory is anti-oxidant, cardiac stimulant, raising immunity to animal and human's body.Spartina alterniflora's productivity height, biomass is big, is grown in the intertidal zone that other plant is difficult to survive, and does not occupy cultivated land, and production cost is low, and degree of depth utilization and exploitation Spartina alterniflora resource have feasibility and wide prospect.
(3) the present invention compared with the prior art, its conspicuousness progress is:
The huge biomass of the single dominant population of Spartina alterniflora that China's large tracts of land, productivity are huge fails to be used effectively, and annual a large amount of Spartina alterniflora after death abandons in beach marine environment is produced secondary pollution; A large amount of Spartina alterniflora's biomass does not effectively utilize, and the aquaculture and the bio-diversity in China coastal beach area are also brought a series of harmful effects.And national, but DeGrain for the control denizen also will drop into great amount of manpower and material resources and fund every year.At present both at home and abroad control Spartina alterniflora method is paid attention to is how to eliminate or reduce its standing crop biomass reducing or eliminating its negative effect, and its measure of taking mainly contains physics controls such as hand digging and mechanical removal, use Chemical Control such as herbicide and use Spartina alterniflora's animal natural enemy and biological control control such as pathogenic microorganisms etc.But these measures exist obviously not enough, and the control effect is more undesirable.Because Spartina alterniflora's well developed root system, fertility are strong, growth is fast, more than several control methods have only to drop into and do not have output, need national great amount of investment, and the speed that control is eliminated is less than its expansion rate, and the weak effect of control is expensive in a large number and do not have benefit to be difficult to continue carry out: physical method control consumes great amount of manpower and material resources and financial resources, and there is not economic benefit, be a kind of and drop into and do not have the control method of output that the enthusiasm that people initiatively implement is poor, be difficult to continue and permanent; Chemical method: use the chemical method of herbicide can only remove the face of land usually with top, relatively poor for underground well developed root system with Spartina alterniflora's effect with a large amount of seeds, and use herbicide to have pollution problem in a large number; Use animal natural enemy and pathogenic microorganisms to prevent and treat Alien invasive species, its natural enemy and pathogenic microorganisms generally also are denizens, these external natural enemies also face the restriction of environmental factors such as weather and face the difficult problem of surviving the winter, and have great potential ecological risk.
The present invention has avoided pollution that the Chemical Control denizen produces, has utilized the natural enemy to control issuable ecological risk, overcome physics in the past and controlled the weak effect etc. of wasting time and energy, do not need government carrying out a large amount of investments aspect the control exotic species Spartina alterniflora, and can produce favorable economic benefit in the process of preventing and treating, promote control with economic benefit.
The present invention designs by ecological engineering, and biomass and bioactivator that the comprehensive utilization Spartina alterniflora enriches are by being converted into the Spartina alterniflora resource that has than the large economy benefit.The bottleneck that the Spartina alterniflora utilizes is that its plant salt content is high and be difficult to utilize; the present invention can be with desalination; effective component extracting is realized simultaneously; and the Spartina alterniflora's solid residue after effective component extracting and the desalination made full use of; improve Spartina alterniflora's added value greatly; promote a large amount of consumption; utilize the Spartina alterniflora; realization is controlled the Spartina alterniflora; in control procedure, make the people obtain huge economic benefit; improve people's ACTIVE CONTROL Spartina alterniflora's enthusiasm; realize not needing country to carry out great amount of investment; the control Spartina alterniflora of sustainability; can also fully develop the Spartina alterniflora at the positive effect of improving the ecological environment; avoid or alleviate its negative effect, the coastal people are shaken off poverty; get rich; it is significant from farming and protection marine resources to abandon fishing.
Four, the specific embodiment
(1) selects harvest time: select the coastal beach Spartina alterniflora of Jiangsu Province's Yancheng City distributed area,, in the time of some months in December, all can gather in the crops since July.Grow period faster in this area because be the Spartina alterniflora 6～October, its biomass of results is big during this, and nutritional labeling is abundant.Select neap season during results and at the higher place results Spartina alterniflora aerial part of elevation, one can guarantee that Spartina alterniflora's nutrition and active component are abundant, and two are convenient to results, and can improve results efficient, reduces the cost of results;
(2) the clean processing: will gather in the crops good Spartina alterniflora's aerial part and clean, dry, prescind with clean clear water;
(3) desalination and extracts active ingredients: will put into reactor boiling effective component extracting through the Spartina alterniflora that (2) are handled well, and finish desalination simultaneously;
(4) concentrated Spartina alterniflora's extract:, obtain the Spartina alterniflora's extract that concentrates with the extract decompression distillation---be the dense thick paste of brown, simultaneously the steam that distills out realized utilization again with (3);
(5) utilize extract: the concentrated extract of the dense thick paste of brown that (4) are obtained is used to produce food, beverage, beer, health products etc. as health-care additive;
(6) utilize Spartina alterniflora's solid residue behind the effective component extracting: Spartina alterniflora's residue that will extract behind the bioactivator utilizes again: 1. the water content with Spartina alterniflora's solid residue transfers to 70% back sealing and fermenting, makes feed, fertilizer; 2. will make paper making raw material after the rinsing of Spartina alterniflora's solid residue; 3. Spartina alterniflora's solid residue is made the raw material of medium density fibre board (MDF);
(7) realize control: by extract, the solid residue that makes full use of the Spartina alterniflora to the Spartina alterniflora, the Spartina alterniflora that will have high-biomass transforms into the plant resources that has than the large economy benefit, improved the enthusiasm that people initiatively gathered in the crops, utilized the Spartina alterniflora, realized the Spartina alterniflora is continued, effectively controls.
Claims (3)
1, deep development utilizes the Spartina alterniflora to realize the method for Spartina alterniflora's control be is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
(1) selects harvest time:, in the time of some months in December, all can gather in the crops since July;
(2) the clean processing: will gather in the crops good Spartina alterniflora's aerial part and clean, dry, prescind with clean clear water;
(3) desalination and extracts active ingredients: will put into reactor boiling effective component extracting through the Spartina alterniflora that (2) are handled well, and finish desalination simultaneously:
(4) solid, liquid separates: after (3) step is finished it is sent into crowded stone roller machine and carry out the solid, liquid separation;
(5) concentrated Spartina alterniflora's extract:, obtain the Spartina alterniflora's extract that concentrates with the extract decompression distillation---be the dense thick paste of brown, simultaneously the steam that distills out realized utilization again with (3).
2, utilize the Spartina alterniflora to realize the method that mutual flower rice is controlled according to the described deep development of claim 1, it is characterized in that the Spartina alterniflora's extract after concentrating is used to produce food, beverage, health products as additive.
3, utilize the Spartina alterniflora to realize the method that mutual flower rice is controlled according to the described deep development of claim 1, it is characterized in that the water content of Spartina alterniflora's solid residue is transferred to 70% back sealing and fermenting, make feed, fertilizer; Or the rinsing of Spartina alterniflora's solid residue made paper making raw material; Or Spartina alterniflora's solid residue is made the raw material of medium density fibre board (MDF).
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| CNA2006100407494A CN1849908A (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2006-05-31 | Method for controlling smooth cord-grass by deep developing and utilizing it |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102219578A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing soil amendment by using spartina alterniflora and compost of cattle and sheep excrement, and a reaction apparatus thereof |
| CN102511505A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 厦门大学 | Inhibitor for Spartina alterniflora and preparation method thereof |
| CN104396569A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 福建农林大学 | Method for recycling spartina alterniflora |
| CN104824670A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 钦佩 | Preparation method of spartina alterniflora loisel fine powder and application of spartina alterniflora loisel fine powder to enhancement of organism immunity |
| CN105123669A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 上海大学 | Ecological management method for utilizing secondary metabolites of plants to inhabit spartina alterniflora invasion |
| CN106947788A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method that utilization energy grass prepares fermentation grass juice factor and paper pulp |
| CN107699443A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-02-16 | 南京壹唯壹生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Spartina alterniflora's alcoholic drink mixed with fruit juice and application thereof |
| CN110669599A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-10 | 海燕 | Raw material formula and production method of rice straw biomineral liquid sea-buckthorn beer |
| CN110760398A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-07 | 陈琳 | Raw material formula and production method of bio-mineral liquid nitraria tangutorum bobr beer |
-
2006
- 2006-05-31 CN CNA2006100407494A patent/CN1849908A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102219578A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 同济大学 | Method for preparing soil amendment by using spartina alterniflora and compost of cattle and sheep excrement, and a reaction apparatus thereof |
| CN102511505A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 厦门大学 | Inhibitor for Spartina alterniflora and preparation method thereof |
| CN102511505B (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2014-05-07 | 厦门大学 | Inhibitor for Spartina alterniflora and preparation method thereof |
| CN104396569A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-11 | 福建农林大学 | Method for recycling spartina alterniflora |
| CN104824670A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 钦佩 | Preparation method of spartina alterniflora loisel fine powder and application of spartina alterniflora loisel fine powder to enhancement of organism immunity |
| CN105123669A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 上海大学 | Ecological management method for utilizing secondary metabolites of plants to inhabit spartina alterniflora invasion |
| CN106947788A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-14 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method that utilization energy grass prepares fermentation grass juice factor and paper pulp |
| CN107699443A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-02-16 | 南京壹唯壹生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Spartina alterniflora's alcoholic drink mixed with fruit juice and application thereof |
| CN110669599A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-10 | 海燕 | Raw material formula and production method of rice straw biomineral liquid sea-buckthorn beer |
| CN110760398A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-07 | 陈琳 | Raw material formula and production method of bio-mineral liquid nitraria tangutorum bobr beer |
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