CN1847615A - Rude ore mining method for ion type RE ore - Google Patents

Rude ore mining method for ion type RE ore Download PDF

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CN1847615A
CN1847615A CN 200510119529 CN200510119529A CN1847615A CN 1847615 A CN1847615 A CN 1847615A CN 200510119529 CN200510119529 CN 200510119529 CN 200510119529 A CN200510119529 A CN 200510119529A CN 1847615 A CN1847615 A CN 1847615A
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hole
tunnel
ore
liquid injection
liquid
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CN100543267C (en
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林江颖
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Abstract

The present invention discloses one kind of rude ore mining method for ion type RE ore, and the rude ore mining method includes static pressure injecting liquid via geotechnical engineering process, establishing impermeable layer in the bottom of ore block, and forming V-shaped draining holes, liquid injecting holes, tunnel, impermeable layer, etc. in the mine mount. The technological scheme includes proving up the RE ore bed thickness, establishing tunnel in the bottom of the rich ore, setting V-shaped draining holes, setting impermeable layer or transverse draining holes below the V-shaped draining holes, setting liquid injecting holes or tunnels for layer by layer injecting and collecting. The present invention can avoid the adsorption of soil to RE ion and water and soil loss caused by mining.

Description

A kind of rude ore mining method for ion type RE ore
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to the exploitation method of a kind of ion type rareearth ore former mountain mining (ion adsorption type rare earth ore former mountain leaching), in the leaching exploitation of former mountain, use geotechnical engineering static pressure grouting method fluid injection commonly used specifically, build an impervious barrier in the bottom in mineral deposit; And in ore bed, adopt during fluid injection layering injection process and layering to receive the liquid method.
Background technology
The former mountain of present known ion adsorption type rare earth ore leaching method by liquid injection hole, be positioned at the impervious layer at the foot of the hill or contain tunnel, the conduction hole that phreatic soil layer is provided with above and form (see figure 1).When chemical agent (shows with (NH 4) 2SO 4Be example, as follows) after from the hilltop liquid injection hole injects, infiltrate soil layer, with generate earth solution after the rare earth compound effect in the soil layer, down penetrate into conduction hole, flow into the tunnel from conduction hole then, converge and enter the flow process pond through water pipe and carry out chemical reaction generation rare earth oxalate postprecipitation, filtration, obtain rare earth oxalate with oxalic acid.The shortcoming of this method is: 1. mainly be distributed in the severely-weathered layer of massif more than the hill-side because of the rare earth ore bed, the following massif Rare Earth Mine content in hill-side is lower or do not have a Rare Earth Mine, rare earth ion is by a large amount of absorption of soil colloid when earth solution penetrates into this layer, the solution rare earth grade that flows into the tunnel at last is very low, just need increasing (NH if the rare earth of absorption is leached out 4) 2SO 4Consumption with water; Or earth solution can penetrate into soil layer below the tunnel when soil layer transmission coefficient is big below the tunnel, causes the earth solution collected fewer.The electrolyte filling method that the former mountain leaching of existing ion adsorption type rare earth ore is adopted is the shallow-layer injection process.At first liquid injection hole is dug following one or two meter of the soil layer that contains Rare Earth Mine, go into the material (as weeds) of easy infiltration then at hole Nei Pu, directly connect a water tap at last, allow (NH in the aperture 4) 2SO 4(see figure 1) in the waste water ostium after solution or the processing.The shallow-layer injection process following weak point: a is arranged, because of the massif structural reason, the inhomogeneities of the transmission coefficient of each several part in the massif, at one time in the Same Way fluid injection, the place (NH that transmission coefficient is little 4) 2SO 4Solution infiltrates less, most of (NH 4) 2SO 4Solution is all along the big soil layer infiltration of massif transmission coefficient.Just must inject a large amount of (NH in order to reach the rare earth that leaches the little soil layer of transmission coefficient 4) 2SO 4Waste water after solution and the processing, (NH is caused in the place that transmission coefficient is big like this 4) 2SO 4Waste water surplus after solution and the processing.B, many weeks, within a certain period of time, the adsorbance of cation was directly proportional with the time, the time is long more, it is many more to adsorb cation, when seam thickness above certain thickness, or the transmission coefficient of soil layer is when very little, from liquid injection hole injection (NH 4) 2SO 4Solution penetrates into the tunnel of the bottom of ore bed, needs long time, causes the soil layer above the tunnel to adsorb NH in a large number like this 4 +, to reach required NH on the rare earth leaching technology as the bottom ore bed 4 +Concentration just needs a large amount of (NH of injection 4) 2SO 4Solution.By above-mentioned reason as can be known, because the suction-operated of soil colloid can be adsorbed (NH 4) 2SO 4Ammonium ion in the solution causes (NH like this 4) 2SO 4Increase with the consumption of water, and that the consumption increase of water causes flowing into earth solution middle rare earth grade in the tunnel is just low so that cost of production is bigger; Because fluid injection is excessive, too fast, very easily causes the landslide, and cause environmental issue simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of the existing former mountain of ion adsorption type rare earth ore leaching technology, the invention provides the new technology of a kind of ion adsorption type rare earth ore former mountain leaching, this technology not only can reduce the soil colloid absorption that rare earth ion is not had the rare earth soil layer, can also prevent that earth solution from infiltrating lower floor and providing a kind of mine soil colloid that can reduce to (NH from both sides, tunnel soil layer 4) 2SO 4Cation absorption in the solution, and the layering injection process that reduces the mining water use amount, thereby the concentration and the rare earth yield of raising tunnel middle rare earth solution, and reduce raw-material consumption, reduce production costs.
The present invention solves the scheme that its technical problem adopts: verify the distribution of massif rare earth ore bed and the thickness of ore bed earlier, the tunnel is designed into the intersection of rich ore bottom and lean ore.Soil layer is provided with the V-type conduction hole in the both sides on upper strata, tunnel, impervious barrier is set below the V-type conduction hole.For preventing that rare earth ion from not had the soil colloid absorption and the earth solution loss of rare earth, in the ore bed of mine and layering liquid injection hole or fluid injection tunnel are set ore bed is implemented layering or segmentation fluid injection, accomplish that every required fluid volume of ore bed can quantitatively control, 0.5m is provided with conduction hole on the horizontal liquid injection hole of the soil layer of both sides in the soil layer tunnel, accomplishes layering fluid injection, layering receipts liquid (see figure 2).
Described layering liquid injection hole is provided with: at the every 10m in working seam district 2-50m 2The plane is provided with a liquid injection hole, excavates ore bed bottom, by at the bottom of the hole up, every 2-6m keeps somewhere the stifled real liquid injection hole about 1m, remainder tamps with clay.Arrange one deck fluid injection aperture in the liquid injection hole that does not tamp, its way is: be the center with the liquid injection hole, be radial, aperture 20-150mm.In every section not stifled real liquid injection hole, draw a liquid injection pipe respectively, form a linker with the fluid injection house steward.
Described fluid injection tunnel is: the design in tunnel is moved towards into 90 degree or parallel, the gradient 1%, wide 1.5m, high 1.8m with massif.The 10--28m of being separated by between tunnel and the tunnel is parallel to each other, and the tunnel opening can same direction, or the both sides opening, after the tunnel excavation completion, with underground drill rig to the massif internal drilling of both sides, tunnel; Hole depth 8m, aperture 50mm, about hole and span 1m, put into the liquid injection pipe of diameter 25mm in the hole, the every 0.1m of liquid injection pipe bores an aperture, outer with crocus cloth bag 3-4 layer, the 1m section is tamped with clay from the aperture, and every hole liquid injection pipe inserts arm, and 20 holes are one section, every section arm should be adorned switch and flow meter, inserts the fluid injection house steward then and is connected with pressure tank.
Described impervious barrier 10 is to determine according to rare earth ore bed distribution situation.If Rare Earth Mine leafing impervious layer does not surpass 3m, impervious barrier can be set.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, reliability height.Because of setting up impervious barrier, the earth solution seepage is few, the rate of recovery is high;
2, the raising of earth solution concentration will increase substantially rare earth output.1. earth solution need not to flow into no Rare Earth Mine soil layer, has reduced rare earth ion and has been adsorbed, and it is higher that the earth solution that flows out in the tunnel contains the rare earth grade; 2. adopt the layering injection process to reduce the water supply volume of leaching, the earth solution concentration of collecting in the tunnel is higher, so can improve daily output;
3, simple in structure being easy to is provided with.Only need in the mining methods of existing former mountain, to add impervious barrier, the tunnel is risen to minable ore bed bottom and layering liquid injection hole or fluid injection tunnel are set from the foot of the hill;
4, face cost is low.1. the tunnel is halfway up the hill abovely, and tunnel length is short, and the massif major part is a soil layer, and layer of gravel is few, and the driving expense is low; 2. by no rare earth layer absorption, the earth solution grade content height of collecting in the tunnel has not reduced earth solution and has been made into the cost that rare earth oxalate takes the rare earth ion in the earth solution; 3. adopt the layering fluid injection to ore body each several part institute water supply volume and (NH 4) 2SO 4Consumption can in time be controlled according to designing requirement.The required power consumption of rare-earth products per ton, labour cost and raw material consumption are declined to a great extent;
5, effectively solve environmental issue.1. the massif of whole ores containing rare earths is excavated because of need not, only dig liquid injection hole and tunnel,, do not cause massif to destroy so the earth excavated volume is few; 2. the earth that takes does not contain (NH 4) 2SO 4Composition is easy to plant growing, only needs to plant the vegetation restore vegetation after the engineering end, has solved the soil erosion problem; 3. fluid injection is that the solution that infiltrates in the shallow top layer is less by shallow to the periphery top layer, center, mountain, and reservoir quantity can in time be controlled, so can not cause the landslide.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of existing former mountain mining;
Fig. 2 invents the sectional view of former mountain mining for this;
Fig. 3 is the detail drawing of liquid injection hole among Fig. 2.
Among the figure: 5 liquid injection holes not stifled real part in topsoil 1 lean ore layer 2 rich ore layer 3 liquid injection hole 4 tunnels divides the stifled real part of 6 liquid injection holes to divide 7 fluid injection apertures, 8 liquid injection pipes, 9 impervious barriers, 10 V-type conduction holes, 11 conduction holes, 12 impervious layers 13 horizontal liquid injection holes 14
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.In Fig. 2, this is provided with mainly is made up of liquid injection hole 4, tunnel 5, impervious barrier 10, V-type conduction hole 11.
The distribution of liquid injection hole 4 is the distribution settings according to the ore bed plane, according to the every 20-30m of permeability size of soil layer 2A hole is set, and big value is got in the place that permeability is big, and the place that permeability is little gets the small value.About liquid injection hole 4 diameter 1m, the degree of depth is by topsoil 1 through ore bed bottom, the position of rare earth layer rare earth grade about 0.3 ‰.By at the bottom of the hole up, every 4m keeps somewhere the stifled real liquid injection hole 6 about 1m.Bore fluid injection aperture 8 at the not stifled real long mid portion in liquid injection hole 6 holes with small-sized drill, bore 24, (evenly being provided with between the aperture) aperture is 50mm, about the long 2m in hole.Insert in the hole easy infiltration material, tamp.Imbed liquid injection pipe 9.Put into rough sand or straw or like vegetable around the liquid injection pipe 9, in the hand-hole that prevents to collapse after earth from pouring water.The stifled real part of liquid injection hole divides shop, 7 bottoms lastblock plank, tamps to design height with clay.
If the liquid injection hole degree of depth surpasses 10m, the pore-forming difficulty, engineering cost is big, should adopt the method for fluid injection in the tunnel, and specific practice is: the design in tunnel is moved towards into 90 degree, the gradient 1%, wide 1.5m, high 1.8m with massif.The 18m of being separated by between tunnel and the tunnel is parallel to each other, and the tunnel opening can same direction, or the both sides opening, after the tunnel excavation completion, bores horizontal liquid injection hole 14 with underground drill rig level in the massif of both sides, tunnel; Hole depth 8m, aperture 50mm about hole and span 1m, puts into the liquid injection pipe of diameter 25mm in the hole, the every 0.1m of liquid injection pipe bores an aperture, outer the 1m section is tamped with clay from the aperture with crocus cloth bag 3-4 layer, and every hole liquid injection pipe inserts arm, 20 holes are one section, every section arm is drawn the place, adit opening, loads onto switch and flow meter, inserts the fluid injection house steward then and is connected with pressure tank.Per 5～10m ore bed is provided with one deck tunnel, and seam thickness is according to being the transmission coefficient of soil layer, and the soil layer that transmission coefficient is big is got big value, and the soil layer that transmission coefficient is little gets the small value.
Tunnel 5 designs become 90 degree approximately with the massif trend, the gradient 3%, width 1.5m, height 1.8m, tunnel 2 and tunnel 2 are at interval about 18m, be parallel to each other, if lean ore layer 2 is not a smooth face with the interface of rich ore layer 3, in height tunnel 5 is set according to ore bed shape difference, the discrepancy in elevation in adjacent two tunnels 5 can not surpass 3m, as want the discrepancy in elevation to surpass the spacing distance that 3m must reduce tunnel 5, the opening in tunnel 5 can be on same direction or both sides.Must dock in the middle of the opening of both sides so that impervious barrier 10 is set.Tunnel 5 driving 1m need to use sleeper tunnel 5 firm supporting, and specific practice is: the upright sleeper in both sides, put into crossbeam above, and put into round log above the crossbeam, lay one deck bamboo chip on the round log.
Impervious barrier 10 is in the setting of bottom tunnel, and concrete construction use the underground drill rig horizontal drilling in the soil layer of the both sides in tunnel, diameter 50mm, and hole and adjacent conduction hole be apart from equating that certain discrepancy in elevation is arranged, hole length is specifically definite according to adjacent two tunnel width.Should intersect behind the Kongzui of air exercise mutually in adjacent two tunnels, intersect at equidistant place, two tunnels.Hole and span 0.5m-1m.The soil layer that permeability is big should get the small value, and the soil layer that permeability is little is got big value.The hole all bore good after, the liquid injection pipe of respective length is put in every hole, put into liquid injection pipe after the aperture long with the stifled real 1m of clay, before liquid injection pipe is put into the hole, the reply liquid injection pipe is every the aperture of a pair of symmetry of 0.3m jumping chisel, and every place aperture inserts the fluid injection house steward with 80 purpose gauze bag layer 2-3s, the liquid injection pipe in every hole.The fluid injection house steward draws the tunnel, connects variable frequency pump, and house steward should adorn water pressure gauge and flow meter.Determine reservoir quantity and pressure according to the soil layer permeability.The condition permission has a spot of water to flow out with most of conduction hole when saturated and is as the criterion, if can add proper amount of bentone in water.Should be when the reservoir quantity of impervious barrier reaches capacity in time to the ore bed fluid injection.Should inject an amount of cement or clay slip in advance to zone of fracture, to reduce the consumption of water.
V-type conduction hole 11 is arranged on impervious barrier or horizontal 0.5m place above the liquid injection hole, about the gradient 30 degree, and V-type bottom part aperture diameter 100mm, pitch-row 1.2m, earlier with underground drill rig boring, the length of holing is identical with following impervious barrier 10.With the earth of the pressure clear water cutting hole both sides of 3Mpa, cutting from inside outwards.Make the conduction hole cross section become V-shape, cutting width: V-type top width 0.5m.Keep its width at 0.5 ± 0.15m by burning torch speed speed.Burning torch head both sides design spray orifice, aperture 1.5mm, interior angle is 120 ° between two holes.Jet pipe is made one section of 1m with high-pressure water pipe, and every section with leading directly to connection, a termination burning torch head, another termination high-pressure hose, another termination plunger type water pump of high-pressure hose.
After continuous engineering finishes before treating, remove tunnel 5 clean.
To dig a volume every 10m be 0.5m in 5 bottoms in the tunnel 2Pitting, each pitting diameter connects for the 50mm water pipe, the access process pond.
With 5 both sides, tunnel under the bottom surface in cement mortar powder brush tunnel and the conduction hole, dried slightly after, do one deck impervious barrier 10 with cement mortar.
After each lays bamboo chip above the pitting in the tunnel 5, spread two to three layers of piece of sack, compacting four limits prevent after the fluid injection in the earth inflow pitting.
Every of liquid injection pipe 9 (see figure 3) are established a switch in the aperture, then the liquid injection pipe 9 of drawing from same liquid injection hole are received the pipeline, and a liquid meter is installed on this pipeline, at last pipeline are inserted the fluid injection house steward.Inject (NH to the rare earth ore bed 4) 2SO 4Solution, the fluid injection of liquid injection hole are the liquid injection hole liquid injection hole to the periphery by central authorities in proper order,, are injected towards big place by the place that the ore bed transmission coefficient is little toward the upper strata liquid injection hole by lower floor's liquid injection hole.According to liquid injection hole endoporus week soil layer rare earth grade and hole week ore body volume, determine reservoir quantity.The outside segmentation fluid injection in massif center is adopted in the fluid injection in fluid injection tunnel in proper order.Liquid filling pressure and flow are controlled by designing requirement, and according to the control of ore bed actual conditions appropriateness, big value is got in the more complete little location of ore bed section permeability, and the pressure and the flow in the broken location that permeability is big reduce in right amount.

Claims (6)

1. (ion adsorption type rare earth ore former mountain leaching) method is exploited on the former mountain of ion type rareearth ore, comprise in its massif: liquid injection hole, conduction hole, tunnel, piping facility, it is characterized in that: the soil layer setting prevents the impervious barrier that solution runs off below the V-type conduction hole in the inner tunnel of ore bed, adopts layering injection process and layering to receive the liquid method and relevant auxiliary facilities is set to the mine fluid injection.
2. former mountain according to claim 1 leaching method, it is characterized in that, described impervious barrier is that soil layer adopts the pressure fluid injection below the conduction hole in the soil layer of the both sides, tunnel of the bottom, this soil moisture in layer is reached capacity, purpose is to stop earth solution to infiltrate lower floor, and fluid injection stops after mining finishes.
3. former mountain according to claim 1 leaching method is characterized in that, described ancillary facility is layering liquid injection hole or fluid injection tunnel and horizontal liquid injection hole.
4. the liquid injection hole in the ancillary facility according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described liquid injection hole is at the every 10m in working seam district 2-50m 2The plane is provided with a hole, hole depth at 18m with interior through ore bed bottom, by at the bottom of the hole up, every 2-8m keeps somewhere the liquid injection hole of 1m-2m, is radial fluid injection aperture with hole center arrangement one deck, the aperture is 20-150mm, the liquid injection hole remainder tamps with clay.
5. the fluid injection tunnel in the ancillary facility according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the design in described fluid injection tunnel is moved towards into 90 degree or parallel with massif, gradient 0.5%-1%, about wide 1.5m, about high 1.8m, the 10m-30m of being separated by between tunnel and the tunnel, with rig horizontal drilling in the massif of both sides, tunnel, about hole depth 8m, aperture 30mm-100mm, hole and span 0.5m-2m, put into liquid injection pipe in the hole, liquid injection pipe bores an aperture every one section approximately.
6. former mountain according to claim 1 leaching method, through impervious layer of ore bed or water table can infiltration layers in the air, only adopt layering injection process and layering to receive the liquid method to ore bed.
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CN101915073A (en) * 2010-08-03 2010-12-15 江西稀有金属钨业控股集团有限公司 In situ leaching injection process
WO2012016514A1 (en) * 2010-08-03 2012-02-09 江西稀有金属钨业控股集团有限公司 Process for fluid drainage and collection by in-situ leaching involving diversion holes
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