CN1846578A - 用于烹饪及着色用途的微波感受器 - Google Patents
用于烹饪及着色用途的微波感受器 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
- H05B6/6491—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors
- H05B6/6494—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors for cooking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- B65D2581/3439—Means for affecting the heating or cooking properties
- B65D2581/3447—Heat attenuators, blocking agents or heat insulators for temperature control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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- B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
- B65D2581/3464—Microwave reactive material applied by ink printing
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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- B65D2581/3463—Means for applying microwave reactive material to the package
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- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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- B65D2581/3471—Microwave reactive substances present in the packaging material
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
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Abstract
一种可微波加热的食品容器,包括金属颗粒和绝缘颗粒的均匀混合物。所述金属和绝缘颗粒的混合物允许在其表面上产生更高的热量,并且将热量更均匀地作用在食物上,导致某些食品更好的烹饪至褐,并且更好地烹饪诸如比萨饼的面团型食品。还披露了制造食品容器的方法,烹饪方法,以及用于制造食品容器的组合物。
Description
本申请要求申请日为2005年3月28日的美国临时专利申请流水号60/665,761的优先权,该申请的名称为″用于烹饪和烹饪直至呈现棕色(browning)用途的微波感受器”,并且该申请全文被结合入本文。
背景技术
将微波辐射用于加热食品正变得越来越理想,因为它的速度,效率和低成本。不过,微波加热技术的主要缺陷是,它不能获得足够高的热量以充分烹饪生的食品,而且不使用特殊包装材料也不能使食品表面烹饪直至呈现棕色且松脆。
在微波包装中使用的真空镀金属纸板在过去一直被使用,以产生使某些食品烹饪直至呈现棕色并且变脆所需要的高表面热量。在大多数情况下,用于此用途所选择的金属是铝。不过,真空金属喷镀不能有效地用于涂敷纸板的图案或特定区域,或在包装表面上留下不同量的金属。
为了克服真空镀金属纸板的缺陷,业已设计了多种其他的微波加热技术,其使用含有金属粉末或薄片的油墨或涂层组合物,或单独或与其他材料结合。Huang和Plorde,在EP专利号0,242,952中披露了介电基片,其上至少一面带有涂层,包括在热塑树脂中的金属或金属合金薄片(优选铝薄片)。Hartman等的美国专利号4,982,064披露了位于两层纸之间的加热元件,包括微粒微波活性材料(铝,锡,青铜,镍等),为导体,半导体,或铁磁;碳黑或石墨;以及粉末状惰性固体温度缓和剂(黏土,硅土,氧化铝,碳酸钙等)在树脂粘合剂中的组合。在美国专利号4,943,456,5,002,826和5,118,747中;Pollart和Lafferty披露了使用涂层包含组合的微粒碳黑或石墨;金属粉末,如铝,锡,或青铜;和细碎的惰性固体(优选黏土或碳酸钙)组合在树脂粘合剂中,涂在纸,纸板,或热稳定性聚酯薄膜基层上。Tighe和Parker的美国专利号4,864,089和4,876,423披露了使食品烹饪至呈现棕色的微波感受器包,包括由组合的树脂粘合剂与金属颗粒(镍,铁,锌,铜,或优选铝薄片,粉末,绒毛,纤维,或粒度为1-19微米的针)和半导体颗粒(碳黑,碳化钛,氧化锌)的填料组成或涂敷的基片。Fabish等,在美国专利号5,258,596和5,391,430中披露了金属基片层压制品,在其一侧涂有聚合物材料,该材料包括非传导性(铝,碳,石墨,柱状黏土,或钙钛矿结构的铁电晶体)以及磁性(铁或铁氧体)颗粒。Alessio,在WO 2004/048463中提供了热塑性聚烯烃组合物,包括金属粉末和叔膦或胺。不过,上述技术无一提供高温,均匀加热,和加热控制的组合,这些是本申请所期望的。
在由Winston E.Kock(1965)所著的名为“Sound Waves and Light Waves(声波和光波)”的著作中披露了微波增强的方法,用绝缘介质将规则排列的导电性球体,圆盘,或条的晶格均匀的彼此分隔开。所使用的导电性球体,圆盘,或条在尺寸上是肉眼可见的,例如,钢珠轴承,和金属涂层的珍珠等。这种构思特别适合电信应用。
发明内容
本发明提供了生热的微波感受器,以产生均匀的表面着色,并且可被结合入多种形式的涂层,油墨,塑料,层压制品等,带有不同的金属负荷,使用传统的涂敷,印刷,模制,热力塑型等设备。这种微波感受器的组合物允许对其上有涂层的表面进行均匀加热,并且具有多种用途。所述组合物包括细碎的导电性金属粉末或薄片;优选铝粉末或薄片,与细碎的,低纵横比,绝缘颗粒,优选球形玻璃颗粒的组合,所述玻璃颗粒具有纵横比和颗粒大小相当紧密的分布。这种导电性材料与低纵横比绝缘颗粒的混合允许导电性材料的单独颗粒的规则、晶格状分离和隔离。在大多数情况下,所述颗粒被携带在溶剂或水中(在用于液体涂层或印刷油墨中时),或增塑剂或树脂粘合剂中(当用于模制成热塑性或热固性树脂时,或挤压成厚的和薄的薄膜热塑性树脂片材用于热成形或层压树脂层时),但是它们也可以在干燥状态下使用(特别用于粉末涂层)。
本发明包含可用作食品容器的产品,包括仅打算用作烹饪容器的容器和打算用于包装食品及烹饪的容器。本发明包含要烹饪的食品与所述容器的组合。本发明包含用于制造所述容器的方法,用于制造所述容器的组合物以及通过对由所述容器容纳的食品施加微波能量来烹饪食品的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于微波烹饪的改进的感受器,以及在结合入多种可微波加热的食品包装时改进的热量分布使食品烹饪至呈现棕色和变脆。这种材料,以油墨或涂层的形式,可以应用在食品容器包装上,比如纸板,塑料,和/或泡沫基片。当通过喷射模塑或挤压片材或薄膜结合到树脂中时,这种材料可以形成可微波加热的盘,碗,碟,包装薄膜,嵌入物,器具等或形成它们的一部分。涂层,油墨或模塑/挤压材料的厚度可以不同或者根据特定的加热和/或烹饪至呈现棕色要求进行定制。这些涂层的,模制的和/或挤压的物品然后可以被用于储存和制备冰冻或解冻食品。将这种感受器技术结合入食品包装可以采用液体或粉末涂层;橡皮凸版,凹版印刷,或丝网印刷油墨;模制成热塑性或热固性树脂;或挤压成厚的和薄的薄膜热塑性树脂片材用于热成形或层压树脂层的形式。
本发明的细碎的导电性金属粉末或薄片可以包括铝,铜,锌,锡,青铜,银,铁,不锈钢,镍,金,或任何其他导电金属。正如下面所披露的,可以使用各种颗粒形状。
金属粉末以具有低纵横比为特征;一般小于10,最常见的是小于3。颗粒的纵横比是它的长度(颗粒的最大尺寸)除以它的厚度(垂直于长度测量的最小的尺寸)。金属粉末通常是通过对熔融的金属进行喷雾随后快速固化制成的,并且通常用于粉末冶金,作为金属片的前体(正如下面所披露的),并且,对于活性金属来说,用于炸药或焰火制造术。在某些场合下,可以对金属粉末进行轻轻的抛光,例如,在球磨机或磨碎机中抛光,以使表面平滑,并且在某些场合下,除去粉末表面上的某些氧化物;以便提高粉末的亮度,从而提供更满意的美学效果。为了在本发明中使用,金属粉末的平均粒度(长度)应当为1-50微米。优选平均粒度小于10微米的粉末,特别是在涂层和油墨中,因为较大的粉末倾向于从涂层或油墨表面突出,导致粗糙的表面和不太理想的美学效果。可以将较大粒度的粉末有效地用于模制,挤压,或压延成热塑性或热固性树脂,其比涂层或油墨薄膜厚的多。
金属片的特征是具有高纵横比,通常为10-10,000。它们通常在液体和粉末涂层,油墨和塑料中被用作色素,用于产生需要的功能特性,如导电性,或提供对氧或水移动的屏障;并且用于增强美学效果;如在低视角下的明亮外观结合高视角下的较暗外观(“face-flop”现象),并且在某些场合下,颜色。最常见的金属薄片色素是铝,因为它的延展性和高镜面反射率。金属片最常见的是通过将金属粉末或薄片研磨成具有高纵横比的小颗粒制备的,使用球磨机,磨碎机等。通过上述方法制成的薄片可以进一步以几何形状细节为特征,如下所述。
“玉米片”金属片的特征是具有粗糙的边缘,不平的表面,以及大约50-2000的较高纵横比。它们的平均粒度为大约4微米-大约600微米,并且它们的平均厚度为大约0.05微米-0.5微米。“玉米片”色素的例子是由Silberline Mfg.公司以Sparkle Silver为商标出售的产品。
“银元”或“透镜”金属片的特征是(与“玉米片”材料相比)具有更规则的,更接近于圆形的边缘,更平滑的表面,和大约10-200的更小的纵横比。它们的平均粒度为大约4微米-大约80微米,它们的平均厚度为大约0.1微米-2.0微米;它们具有比“玉米片”材料更窄的粒度分布。“银元”色素的例子是由Silberline Mfg.公司以Sparkle Silver Premier为商标出售的产品。“银元”薄片的一个子集是“抗降解”产品,其有类似的特征,所不同的是具有大约10-50的较小的纵横比。“抗降解的银元”色素的例子是由Silberline Mfg.公司以Tufflake为商标出售的产品。
生产金属薄片色素的另一种方法使用带有聚合物树脂释放涂层涂敷的柔性基片,然后通过物理蒸汽沉积金属化。所述释放涂层通过浸泡在适当的溶剂中溶解,释放出非常小的金属颗粒,其随后缩小到需要的粒度。对其他金属薄片色素来说,所述真空金属沉积(“VMD”)色素最常见由铝制成。与由传统研磨技术制成的金属薄片色素相比,“VMD”色素薄的多,并且具有光滑得多的表面,由于增强的镜面反射率产生非常明亮的外观。“VMD”色素的厚度通常为0.005-0.05微米(50-500埃),平均粒度为大约5-30微米,具有大约100-10,000的非常高的纵横比。“VMD”色素的例子是由Silberline Mfg.公司以StarBrite为商标出售的产品。
本发明的最优选的细碎的导电性金属粉末或薄片是用铝制成的(由于高导电性,易于获得,并且相对低成本),具有“银元”或“VMD”几何形状(因为这些材料的光滑表面导致增强的微波性能),并且平均粒度为5-100微米。优选的粒度可以部分取决于预期的用途。对于凹版印刷(gravure)或橡皮凸版油墨,其倾向于具有非常小的薄膜厚度,更小的薄片,优选5-25微米。对于涂层来说,可以使用稍大一些的薄片,为5-60微米。在比油墨或涂层相对厚的多的塑料中,优选50-100微米较大的薄片。
为了获得由Kock所披露的规则有序的导电颗粒的晶格,将上述金属成分与细碎的,低纵横比的绝缘颗粒结合,其具有相对紧密分布的纵横比和粒度,并且其大到足以在金属粉末或薄片颗粒之间产生间隙,至少等于,并优选大于金属粉末或薄片的最小尺寸。所述晶格应当能够在导电颗粒之间提供规则的间隙,并且确保导电颗粒大体上由绝缘材料包围。导电颗粒被大体上包围表示单个导电颗粒被绝缘材料包围,即不与其他导电颗粒接触,或小组导电颗粒彼此接触,而所述小组被绝缘材料包围,即不与其他导电颗粒接触。所述小组一般包含少于十个导电颗粒,优选少于六个颗粒,并且最优选三个或更少颗粒。
通过连续的绝缘层分离金属粉末或薄片,比如用于油墨或涂层中的树脂粘合剂或模制的聚合物链或挤压的塑料制品,本身不会导致金属颗粒的分布,所述金属颗粒规则到足以获得需要的微波辐射强度。类似地,使用带宽粒度或纵横比分布的绝缘颗粒不会产生金属粉末或薄片的晶格样排列,并且具有高纵横比的绝缘颗粒(如小片或薄片),或粒度小于金属粉末或薄片的厚度的颗粒,不能在金属粉末或薄片之间获得适当的三维间隔。绝缘颗粒的材料应当满足绝缘体的典型定义;即正如在MacMillen Encyclopedia ofPhysics(1996)中所定义的,电阻率为108欧姆-m或更高的材料。这些材料包括,但不局限于,玻璃,陶瓷,橡胶,多种金属氧化物和塑料等。
绝缘颗粒的平均粒度为0.1-50微米,优选1-20微米。用于涂层和油墨,优选平均粒度小于10微米的颗粒;最优选小于5微米,因为较大颗粒倾向于从涂层或油墨的表面突出,导致粗糙表面及欠理想的美学效果。所述绝缘颗粒的粒度分布应当是这样的:其中,至少80%的颗粒在15微米范围内。绝缘颗粒的平均纵横比应当为4或以下,优选为2或以下,纵横比的范围应当在平均值的+/-1的范围内,优选在平均值的+/-0.5范围内。绝缘颗粒的最佳纵横比为1.0;例如,或为球体或为立方体,因为这种几何形状能够在所有三维提供相等的间距,并且允许导电金属材料颗粒的规则间隔排列和隔离。实际上,球体是优选的,因为它们比立方体和其他规则的立体更容易制造。所述球体可以是实心的,中空带薄壁的,中空带厚壁的,或这些的组合。同样实践中,玻璃或陶瓷是用作所述颗粒的优选材料,因为用这种材料制成的球形产品,其符合粒度和分布的要求,可以方便地从商业渠道获得。
在优选实施方案中,单个导电颗粒或小组的颗粒通过单层绝缘颗粒从它们最接近的相邻导电颗粒或小组的导电颗粒分离。因此,相邻的单个颗粒或小组的颗粒之间的距离大致与绝缘颗粒的厚度或直径相同。所述绝缘颗粒没有必要彼此接触。
可以通过任何合宜的技术测定导电和绝缘颗粒的平均粒度和粒度分布。在涂层行业中,最常用的是使用激光衍射方法,使用诸如Malvern Mastersizer设备,并且该方法被用于在本发明中测定粒度和粒度分布。为了计算纵横比,需要测量或计算颗粒的厚度。对平均厚度的估算可以通过测定单层材料的水覆盖面积(WCA)来计算,使用由J.D.Edwards和R.I.Wray披露的方法测定;Aluminum Paint and Powder(3rd edition),pp 16to 22,Reinhold Publishing Corp.,New York(1955)。正如其间披露的,颗粒的平均厚度(d,μm)是按照以下公式获得的:
d(μm)=0.4(m2×μm×g-1)/WCA(m2×g-1).
通过这种方式获得的厚度值对本发明来说是足够精确的,并且该方法被用于在本发明需要时测定厚度。
金属和绝缘成分会完全地混合在一起,金属与绝缘体的重量比在9∶1和1∶9间;优选在5∶1和1∶5间,最优选在2∶1和1∶2间;并且与选择的与将放置所述感受器的系统相容的任何溶剂,水,增塑剂,或树脂粘合剂组合。混合动作应当是低剪切力的,以避免金属粉末或薄片弯曲或变形,并且避免碎裂或破坏绝缘颗粒。混合的时间和程度应当足够以确保金属粉末或薄片和绝缘颗粒在组合物中充分的,均匀的分布,例如,导致金属粉末或薄片大体上由绝缘颗粒包围。金属粉末或薄片和绝缘颗粒的结合,可以通过独立的步骤完成,或者作为用于制备液体或粉末涂层,油墨,或塑料配方的工艺的一部分。不过,优选通过独立的操作完成金属粉末或薄片和绝缘颗粒的组合,以便确保形成两种成分的紧密混合物,并且确保所给予的剪切力度小到足以避免对任一成分的任何损害。作为该独立操作的一部分,最终应用需要的任何溶剂,水,增塑剂,或树脂粘合剂也可以与所述金属粉末或薄片和绝缘颗粒混合。
本发明的组合物可以通过多种众所周知的方法结合在用于微波制备的食品的包装上。也许最通用的方法是以油墨或涂层的形式,可应用于食品容器包装上,比如纸板,塑料,和/或泡沫基片,因为这种方法可以仅施用在包装的选定区域,并提供易于改变施用厚度的方法,以适合使用于特定的加热和/或呈棕色(browning)需求。所述油墨或涂层至少包括本发明的组合物,树脂粘合剂,和作为载体的溶剂或水。根据用途,可以使用其他材料,如表面活性剂,分散剂,流动和水准助剂,稳定剂,其他色素或填料,流变学改良剂,交联剂等,以便提供需要的特性。可选地,还可以使用二级微波活性材料,其是传导的,半传导的,或铁磁的。可以通过任何适当的方法应用油墨,如凹版印刷,橡皮凸版,丝网印刷,及类似方法等。同样,可以通过任何适当方法应用液体涂层,如喷雾,涂刷,滚刷,浸泡,模内涂层,及类似方法;并且粉末涂层的应用可以通过喷雾,流化床涂层,及类似方法。在上述任何形式中,所使用的组合物的量应当足够,以使得导电性金属粉末或薄片占用于油墨或涂层配方中的树脂粘合剂重量的1%-50%,优选3%-30%,并且油墨或涂层薄膜的厚度应当为0.1-10mils,优选0.5-4mils。导电性金属粉末或薄片的量和涂层的厚度取决于所使用的确切的金属粉末或薄片,需要的加热温度和/或呈现棕色的程度,以及需要的美学效果。
另外,本发明的组合物可以复合成热塑性或热固性树脂。这种树脂化合物至少包括本发明的组合物和热塑性或热固性树脂粘合剂。根据用途,可以使用其他材料,如增塑剂,润滑剂,加工助剂,稳定剂,其他色素或填料,流变学改良剂,交联剂等,以提供需要的特性。可选地,还可以使用二级微波活性材料,其是传导的,半传导的,或铁磁的。这种树脂化合物可以通过挤压,压延,三滚研磨,及相似方法制成薄的或厚的薄膜;其通过层压,热成形,和类似技术可用于涂敷微波包装容器的部分或全部。所述薄膜的厚度取决于所使用的确切的金属粉末或薄片,需要的加热程度和/或呈现棕色的程度,以及需要的美学效果。所述树脂化合物还可以通过挤压,喷射模塑,吹塑及类似方法直接用在整个塑料微波包装容器内。后一种方法对于感受器层的厚度不能提供多少控制,但是当整个包装全部需要相同的加热和/或呈现棕色的程度时有用。在任一场合,用于热塑性或热固性树脂中组合物的用量都应当足以使传导性金属粉末或薄片占热塑性或热固性树脂重量的0.5%-25%,优选5%-20%。
由于本发明的组合物用于制备食品,如果该组合物的所有成分都适合用于食品接触用途的话将是非常理想的。每种成分应当在公认安全(GRAS)材料目录上,或者应当得到美国联邦法规汇编(CFR)的适当条款下关于特定用途和树脂系统的批准。如果最终的包装使用了防止食品与本发明的组合物直接接触的微波-透明涂层的话,则不需要这种批准。在这种情况下,所述微波-透明涂层必须只包括适合用于食品接触用途的材料,正如上文所披露的,并且必须防止本发明的组合物的任何成分通过所述微波-透明涂层转移,以确保不发生与食品接触。不过,使用这种微波-透明涂层对容器的制造增加了额外步骤,因此增加了最终产品的成本。
无论是通过印刷,涂层或复合生成塑料树脂,本发明的感受器可以制成一次性使用的容器;其被用来包装食品,以便从生产商处运输到消费者手中,然后用于所述食品的微波烹饪和烹饪至呈现棕色,然后被丢弃;或者制成多次使用的容器;食物装入其中,进行微波烹饪和烹饪至呈现棕色,随后进行清洗和再次使用;或者制成可抽取,可再利用的插入件;将其放在适于微波烹饪的容器中,以便使放置其内的食品获得更均匀的加热和烹饪至呈现棕色,随后进行清洗和再利用。
以本发明的感受器制成的容器可用于制备可由微波辐射加热的任何食品,不过最有效的是用于制备当由非微波方法,如焙,烘,烤,煎炸,或烧烤烹饪时具有呈现棕色或松脆表面的食品。举例包括,但不局限于;肉类,禽类,鱼,和海鲜(所有都可以是涂面包屑后烹制的或不涂面包屑);面团食品如比萨,strombolis,馅饼,肉馅等;以及蔬菜,如辣椒,洋葱,蘑菇,茄子,南瓜,和番茄等。
本发明将通过下面的非限定实施例说明。
实施例
例1:1000克的SSP-554;由Silberline Mfg.Co,Inc.生产的“银元”型铝色素,含重量百分比为70%的铝薄片,平均粒度为15微米,添加至带状叶片式混合器中。向该混合物中添加700克平均粒度为4微米的球形玻璃颗粒,粒度分布为其中大于80%的颗粒在1-10微米内,纵横比的范围为1.0-1.25,以提供金属与绝缘体比例为1∶1的组合物。添加其他溶剂,以保持匀和的糊状稠度,并且在低速下搅拌该混合物两小时,以便铝薄片和玻璃球在整个组合物中生成完全的,均匀的分布。
比较例1:重复例1,但使用SSP-554铝色素,不添加玻璃球。
评价:将例1和比较例1的产品添加到油墨配方中,其用量足以使铝薄片占油墨中树脂粘合剂重量的12%。通过照像凹版印刷将每一种油墨应用在纸板基片上,并且使其充分干燥。将市场销售的冷冻比萨放置在每个纸板基片上,并且在同一微波炉中,以比萨制造商推荐的功率水平和时间烹饪。在完成时,两个比萨均被充分加热,但是在用来自例1的油墨印刷的纸板基片上烹饪的比萨饼具有更均匀且更完全呈棕色的硬皮,而且其更松脆,并与从常规烤箱获得的比萨饼更相似,而在用来自比较例1的油墨印刷的纸板基片上烹饪的比萨饼外皮未烤透,且更具有面团般的粘性。
例2和3和比较例2-7:制备树脂化合物,其成分如表1所示,并且注模成盘状,其直径为2.25英寸,厚度为0.125英寸。这些成分中使用的材料是:
·铝金属片-来自Silberline的Silvet 440-30-E1,平均粒度为83微米的色素
·玻璃球-如例1所用
·碳黑-平均粒度为30nm的高导电性碳黑,用作二级微波活性材料
·雾化硅石-低纵横比材料,平均粒度为12nm,用作“惰性固体”,如在由Hartman和Pollart和Lafferty披露的现有技术中所公开的。
·高岭土-平均粒度为0.2微米的高纵横比板状材料,用作“惰性固体”,正如由Hartman和Pollart和Lafferty所披露的现有技术中公开的。
·PS树脂-通用的聚苯乙烯树脂,熔体流动指数为1.50。
铝金属 | 玻璃球 | 碳黑 | 雾化硅石 | 高岭土 | PS树脂 | |
例2 | 10.0% | 10.0% | ----- | ----- | ----- | 80.0% |
比较例2 | 10.0% | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | 90.0% |
比较例3 | 10.0% | ----- | ----- | 1.0% | 89.0% | |
比较例4 | 10.0% | ----- | ----- | ----- | 1.0% | 89.0% |
例3 | 10.0% | 10.0% | 0.5% | ----- | ----- | 79.5% |
比较例5 | 10.0% | ----- | 0.5% | ----- | ----- | 89.5% |
比较例6 | 10.0% | ----- | 0.5% | 1.0% | ----- | 88.5% |
比较例7 | 10.0% | ----- | 0.5% | ----- | 1.0% | 88.5% |
表1-例2-3和比较2-7的成分
评价:将模制的圆盘放置在隔热的和非微波活性支持物之上,并且放置在装有模式搅拌器的微波炉的中央,以便在外壳内提供均匀的微波能量。通过玻璃带将光纤热电偶连接至所述圆盘的上表面,一个靠近圆盘的中央,一个靠近边缘,并连接至数据记录仪。微波炉门关闭,提供2.5GHz频率和800瓦功率的微波能量五分钟,通过数据记录仪监测上述两个位置的温度。表2示出所获得的峰值温度。
峰值表面温度盘子中央 | 峰值表面温度靠近盘子边缘 | |
例2 | 285F | 250F |
比较例2 | 240F | 220F |
比较例3 | 270F | 245F |
比较例4 | 255F | 210F |
例3 | 385F | 280F |
比较例5 | 300F | 260F |
比较例6 | 300F | 250F |
比较例7 | 280F | 240F |
表2-例2-3和比较例2-7的评价结果
与没有绝缘球体或没有与现有技术的“惰性固体”组合的相同的微波活性材料相比,本发明的实施例在盘子的整个表面产生更高的温度,其能提供更均匀的烹饪和烹饪至呈现棕色性能。
尽管上面业已提供了本发明的详细说明,本发明并不局限于此。在不影响本发明构思前提下的改进是显而易见的。本发明是由以下权利要求书限定的。
Claims (35)
1.一种食品容器,包括导电性金属颗粒和绝缘颗粒的均匀混合物,其中,导电颗粒有规则间距,并且导电颗粒大体由绝缘颗粒包围。
2.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述混合物作为涂层存在。
3.如权利要求1的食品容器,包括模制的树脂组合物,其中,所述树脂组合物包括金属颗粒和绝缘颗粒的混合物。
4.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述金属颗粒是以薄片或粉末形式,粒度不超过100微米。
5.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度为0.1-50微米。
6.如权利要求5的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度为1-20微米。
7.如权利要求2的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度小于10微米。
8.如权利要求7的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度小于5微米。
9.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的粒度分布是这样的:其中,至少80%的颗粒在15微米的范围内。
10.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均纵横比为4或以下。
11.如权利要求10的食品容器,其中,所述平均纵横比为2或以下。
12.如权利要求10的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的纵横比范围在所述平均值的+/-1范围内。
13.如权利要求12的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的纵横比范围在所述平均值的+/-0.5内。
14.如权利要求1的食品容器,其中,所述绝缘颗粒是用陶瓷或玻璃制成的。
15.如权利要求1的食品容器,还包括要烹饪的食品。
16.如权利要求15的食品容器,其中,所述容器具有一种食品包装形式。
17.如权利要求1的食品容器,还包括二级微波活性材料。
18.如权利要求17的食品容器,其中,所述二级微波活性材料是传导的,半传导的,或铁磁的。
19.一种烹饪食品的方法,包括对容纳在权利要求1的食品容器中的食品施加微波能量。
20.一种用于生产可微波加热的食品容器的组合物,包括导电性金属颗粒和绝缘颗粒的均匀混合物,其中,所述金属颗粒大体由绝缘颗粒包围。
21.如权利要求20的组合物,其以涂层材料形式,还包括所述混合物的载体。
22.如权利要求20的组合物,其以可模制的树脂材料形式,还包括树脂组合物,其中,所述混合物分散其中。
23.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述金属颗粒是粒度不超过100微米的薄片或粉末形式。
24.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度为0.1-50微米。
25.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度为1-20微米。
26.如权利要求21的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度小于10微米。
27.如权利要求21的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均粒度小于5微米。
28.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒有这样的粒度分布,其中至少80%的颗粒在15微米范围内。
29.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒的平均纵横比为4或以下。
30.如权利要求29的组合物,其中,所述平均纵横比为2或以下。
31.如权利要求29的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒纵横比的范围在所述平均值的+/-1内。
32.如权利要求29的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒纵横比的范围在所述平均值的+/-0.5内。
33.如权利要求20的组合物,其中,所述绝缘颗粒是用陶瓷或玻璃制成。
34.如权利要求20的组合物,还包括二级微波活性材料。
35.如权利要求34的组合物,其中,所述二级微波活性材料是传导的,半传导的,或铁磁的。
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Cited By (2)
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CN101828855A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-09-15 | 邱凤阳 | 可煎烤的微波炉陶瓷器 |
CN103693296A (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 东洋铝株式会社 | 食品收纳体 |
Families Citing this family (6)
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US20090095740A1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2009-04-16 | Silberline Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Ir reflective material for cooking |
JP5709731B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-17 | 2015-04-30 | アイシン化工株式会社 | マイクロ波樹脂溶着体及びそれによる溶着方法 |
JP5854905B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-27 | 2016-02-09 | 東洋アルミエコープロダクツ株式会社 | マイクロ波発熱構造体 |
JP6013113B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-27 | 2016-10-25 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 発熱体の製造方法 |
US10251223B2 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2019-04-02 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Apparatus for providing customizable heat zones in an oven |
JP2018030653A (ja) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-01 | 東洋アルミニウム株式会社 | 食品収納体 |
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US4864089A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-09-05 | Dennison Manufacturing Company | Localized microwave radiation heating |
US4876423A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-10-24 | Dennison Manufacturing Company | Localized microwave radiation heating |
US4943456A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-07-24 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Microwave reactive heater |
US5118747A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1992-06-02 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Microwave heater compositions for use in microwave ovens |
US5002826A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1991-03-26 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Heaters for use in microwave ovens |
US4982064A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1991-01-01 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Microwave double-bag food container |
US5396052A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1995-03-07 | The Rubbright Group, Inc. | Ceramic utensil for microwave cooking |
US5258596A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1993-11-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Microwave absorber designs for metal foils and containers |
US5391430A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1995-02-21 | Aluminum Company Of America | Thermostating foil-based laminate microwave absorbers |
US6939477B2 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2005-09-06 | Ashland, Inc. | Temperature-controlled induction heating of polymeric materials |
US6056844A (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2000-05-02 | Triton Systems, Inc. | Temperature-controlled induction heating of polymeric materials |
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2006
- 2006-03-27 US US11/389,769 patent/US20060213906A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-27 TW TW095110524A patent/TW200706117A/zh unknown
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CN101828855A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-09-15 | 邱凤阳 | 可煎烤的微波炉陶瓷器 |
CN103693296A (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 东洋铝株式会社 | 食品收纳体 |
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MXPA06003463A (es) | 2007-02-02 |
TW200706117A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
CA2540991A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
SG126099A1 (en) | 2006-10-30 |
BRPI0601033A (pt) | 2007-01-09 |
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