CN1845417A - Hybrid energy-storage device for elevator and its controlling method - Google Patents
Hybrid energy-storage device for elevator and its controlling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1845417A CN1845417A CN 200610011630 CN200610011630A CN1845417A CN 1845417 A CN1845417 A CN 1845417A CN 200610011630 CN200610011630 CN 200610011630 CN 200610011630 A CN200610011630 A CN 200610011630A CN 1845417 A CN1845417 A CN 1845417A
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Abstract
The hybrid energy-storing device for elevator comprises: a super capacitor bank [10], a battery bank [20], a charge-discharge circuit [30]/[40] for [10]/[20], and a control circuit [50]/[60] for [30]/[40]. Wherein, connecting [10] with dc bus bar and [20] through [30] and [40] respectively. This invention improves performance, reduces cost, and prolongs battery lifetime.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hybrid accumulator and control method thereof, particularly be used for the hybrid accumulator and the control method thereof of elevator.
Background technology
In the drive system of elevator, generally adopt the frequency converter type of drive.Electrical network is carried out direct rectification, and be flowed to dc bus, form a DC power-supply system, the control of conversion device drives elevator motor with variable voltage variable frequency mode work output three-phase alternating current.In this DC power-supply system, because the elevator motor load is strong non-resistive, when starting or quicken, can from dc bus, absorb bigger power, cause busbar voltage to reduce; And when shutting down or slow down, can cause busbar voltage to raise because motor is in generating state to the dc bus feed.DC bus-bar voltage fluctuation is excessive, can influence the service behaviour of frequency converter and elevator auxiliary equipment in the system.Generally will be between dc bus in motor driven systems the configuration energy bleed-off circuit, but can cause the certain energy loss, reduced the economy of system.
In addition, when grid power blackout or take place that instantaneous voltage interrupts or when falling, if there is not standby energy to support, DC power-supply system can have a power failure, and causes motor and other elevator auxiliary equipment to move, give personnel, goods and device is made troubles even dangerous.The configuration energy storage device, as, chargeable storage, ultracapacitor, energy accumulation device for fly wheel etc. are in grid power blackout or voltage interruption or when falling, can support for dc bus provides the energy of certain hour, arrive the position of safety and open elevator door with assurance personnel and goods.In addition, energy storage device can also play the effect of power buffer.When the bearing power demand increased, energy storage device output electric energy provided required power with electrical network, can reduce the power demand to electrical network; When load produced power back off, energy storage device absorbed a part of power, avoids DC bus-bar voltage too high, can save bleed-off circuit or reduce its installed capacity.
Chargeable storage is the very general energy storage device of a kind of application, as lead acid accumulator, nickel cadmium cell, nickel-hydrogen accumulator etc.Be applied to the electric power system of elevator, directly be connected, perhaps link to each other with dc bus, as the emergency power supply of system, perhaps power buffer by charge and discharge device with dc bus.U.S. Pat 6457565B2 discloses a kind of elevator emergency power supply.To dc bus, the frequency converter of dc bus drive motors adopts chargeable storage as energy storage device to electrical network, and is connected with dc bus by the bidirectional power converter of chargeable/discharge through tandem behind the rectifying and wave-filtering.When load was light, dc bus charged a battery by power inverter.When causing busbar voltage to raise owing to the feedback of motor produce power, dc bus charges a battery by power inverter, and discharges when load is heavier to play the effect of power buffering.Work as grid power blackout, take place perhaps that short time voltage is interrupted or when falling, storage battery releases energy to keep DC bus-bar voltage in normal scope, to guarantee the operate as normal of system by power inverter.
Chargeable storage is applied to the electric power system of elevator, has certain weak point.At first, chemical change can take place in storage battery electrode active material in the course of the work, causes the expansion and the contraction of electrode structure, causes the decay of accumulator property.In the electric power system of elevator, because storage battery will constantly absorb energy and release energy, for guaranteeing that uninterrupted power supply also will often carry out the degree of depth and discharge and recharge, cause the storage battery shortening in useful life in the insecure area of mains supply, need often to change, increased the cost of system.Secondly, the capacity restoration time after the battery discharging is longer, after grid power blackout recovers, because the depth of discharge of storage battery is bigger, generally need just can make capacity restoration arrive certain level, cause the elevator will be after power failure through very long recovery time of safe operation once more through long time.The 3rd, the power density of storage battery is less, and the power of elevator is bigger, maintains in certain scope in order to make busbar voltage, and storage battery need have very big power capability.Therefore, in actual design, the very big batteries of configuration capacity, improved the cost of system, reduced economy.In addition, charging and discharging of accumulator efficient is lower, need often to safeguard, and the difficult processing of the metal material after using, can cause environmental pollution.
Ultracapacitor is a kind of novel energy-storing device that occurs in recent years, it is generally acknowledged that at present ultracapacitor comprises double electric layer capacitor (Electric Double Layer Capacitor) and electrochemical capacitor (Electrochemical Capacitor) two big classes.Wherein, double electric layer capacitor adopts active carbon with high specific surface area, and produces electric double layer capacitance based on the separation of charge on carbon electrode and the electrolyte interface and work.Electrochemical capacitor adopts RuO
2Make electrode Deng metal oxide containing precious metals, on the oxide electrode surface and body mutually redox reaction taking place and produces adsorption capacitance, be called pseudo capacitance again, can be divided into metal oxide and electroconductive polymer polymer two class electrochemical capacitors according to the difference of electrode material.Because the mechanism of production of pseudo capacitance is similar to battery, under the situation of identical electrodes area, its capacitance is several times of electric double layer capacitance; But the power characteristic of double electric layer capacitor transient large current discharge is better than Faradic electricity container.
Ultracapacitor has good power characteristic, greatly electric current, high efficiency, discharge and recharge apace.Because charge and discharge process is physical process all the time, the variation of electrochemical reaction and electrode structure does not take place, so its to recycle the life-span long.In addition, ultracapacitor has also that high temperature performance is good, energy judge simple accurately, plurality of advantages such as Maintenance free and environmental friendliness, just growingly become a kind of efficient, practical energy storage device.
U.S. Pat 6938733B2 discloses a kind of elevator emergency supply unit, and bank of super capacitors is connected with dc bus by a kind of power adjustments equipment, and dc bus is connected with the input of frequency converter.When grid power blackout, electric voltage dropping or when interrupting, bank of super capacitors by power adjustments equipment to DC bus powered, with the operate as normal of keeping motor and elevator auxiliary equipment until arriving next floor.Bank of super capacitors can also constantly absorb or release energy by power adjustments equipment, plays the effect of power buffer, to guarantee that DC bus-bar voltage is stable and to be in the normal scope.
Although ultracapacitor has lot of advantages, its shortcoming is also more obvious.Its energy density is compared low with chargeable storage, the energy density of double electric layers supercapacitor approximately is 20% of an analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery at present, also is unwell to jumbo electric power energy storage.Because the power of elevator is bigger, the duration is longer, if adopt ultracapacitor as emergency power supply, needs the very jumbo bank of super capacitors of configuration, just can provide required energy, can make the too huge heaviness of equipment like this.And the price of ultracapacitor is higher at present, and jumbo configuration like this has increased substantially the cost of system, has reduced economy.
If ultracapacitor is mixed use with chargeable storage, storage battery energy density is combined with characteristics such as the ultracapacitor power density are big, have extended cycle life greatly, bring very big raising can for undoubtedly the performance of power energy storing device.Hybrid accumulator has energy storage capacity and power capability preferably, can dwindle the volume of energy storage device, improves reliability.Storage battery can be optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process by certain mode and ultracapacitor parallel operation, reduces the charge and discharge cycles number of times, reduces internal loss, increases discharge time, increases the service life.Adopting the super capacitor accumulator energy storage device, can improve the technical performance and the economic performance of system significantly, is a well selection that solves present electric power energy storage problem.In the disclosed elevator emergency supply unit of U.S. Pat 6938733B2, in order to prolong the discharge time of emergency power supply, this patent has proposed to adopt the method for designing of chargeable storage and ultracapacitor combination, but does not provide the concrete assembled scheme and the energy management method of two kinds of energy storage devices.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hybrid accumulator for elevator and control method, for elevator is provided at grid power blackout or electric voltage dropping, emergency power supply when interrupting; And can provide the power buffering for change the DC bus-bar voltage fluctuation that causes because of the motor operating mode, it is stable to keep busbar voltage, to save bleed-off circuit or to reduce its installed capacity.
Hybrid accumulator of the present invention is by bank of super capacitors, batteries, ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit, and battery charge-discharge control circuit is formed.Bank of super capacitors is connected with dc bus by the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, and be connected with batteries by accumulator charging/discharging circuit, the course of work of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, the course of work of battery charge-discharge control circuit control accumulator charging/discharging circuit.
Ultracapacitor can adopt double electric layer capacitor, also can adopt electrochemical capacitor.The monomer ultracapacitor is composed in series series arm earlier, with two or more series arm parallel connection, is combined into bank of super capacitors again, the actual conditions of concrete connection in series-parallel assembled scheme viewing system and deciding.In order to improve the capacity utilance of bank of super capacitors, and monomer voltage is limited to below the maximum operating voltage, bank of super capacitors can adopt the series average-voltage device all to press processing, can also adopt the connection in series-parallel change-over circuit.Batteries also is to be together in series by a plurality of cells earlier to form series arm, more two or more series arms is composed in parallel batteries, the actual conditions of concrete connection in series-parallel assembled scheme viewing system and deciding.
Ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit and accumulator charging/discharging circuit generally adopt non-isolation type DC/DC power inverter, because therefore energy demand two-way flow in practical work process, is designed to two-way DC/DC.The two-way DC/DC that the present invention adopts is actually by the BUCK circuit of a voltage-dropping type and the BOOST combination of circuits of a booster type and forms.Two shared inductors of circuit, each circuit all has a pair of power switch and power diode, and when a circuit working, a pair of power switch and the power diode of another circuit are not worked all the time, and vice versa.Two circuit have just formed two-way DC/DC in different time period alternations.
Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit and battery charge-discharge control circuit mainly comprise signal sampling unit, A/D converting unit, user instruction unit, calculation control unit (CPU), isolation drive unit etc.Concrete control and management process is then realized by software programming.
The state parameter of signal sampling unit detection system comprises voltage, temperature, density of electrolyte, charging and discharging currents of storage battery etc.; The voltage of ultracapacitor, charging and discharging currents etc.; The voltage of dc bus and change procedure thereof; The position of elevator, loading capacity, speed, acceleration etc.; And line voltage, voltage interruption or fall degree etc.System produces the correspondent voltage signal by these parameters of signal sampling unit sampling, gives A/D converting unit, and the A/D converting unit is given calculation control unit with the digital signal of conversion, as the suction parameter of system's control.
User instruction is accepted in the user instruction unit, comprises the lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc., and gives calculation control unit with these instructions, as the suction parameter of system's control.
Hybrid accumulator of the present invention and control method thereof are realizing under the prerequisite of systemic-function, strive efficiently, energy-conservation, and can reduce the installed capacity of energy storage device, prolong the useful life of storage battery, improve system economy.Its control thought basic principle comprise following some.
First, utilize the unsteady flow control action of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, accumulator charging/discharging circuit, the capacity of reasonable disposition batteries and bank of super capacitors is realized satisfying bigger power demand and energy requirement with less capacity, reduces the installation cost of energy storage device.
Second, control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit and accumulator charging/discharging circuit, make the energy exchange between dc bus and the hybrid accumulator, occur on the ultracapacitor as much as possible, and occur in less on the storage battery, with give full play to the ultracapacitor power density big, have extended cycle life, efficiency for charge-discharge is high and fireballing advantage.
The 3rd, the control accumulator charging/discharging circuit is optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process, reduces charge and discharge cycles or partial circulating number of times, perhaps reduces depth of discharge, to prolong the useful life of storage battery.
The 4th, according to system informations such as the state-of-charge of electric network state, energy storage device, elevator states, and user instruction, prejudge power and energy that hybrid accumulator need be exported or import, control the course of work of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit and accumulator charging/discharging circuit timely and accurately, improve the capability of fast response of energy storage device.
The course of work of the present invention is before elevator brings into operation, to bank of super capacitors and battery charging, to make it be in certain state-of-charge according to certain mode.Adopt bigger electric current to charge, with the mode accumulators group charging of optimizing, as constant current charge or pulse current charge etc. to ultracapacitor.
Elevator is drawn bigger power by frequency converter from dc bus in startup, accelerator, cause busbar voltage to descend; When line voltage takes place to interrupt in short-term, when falling, also can cause busbar voltage to descend.When busbar voltage is lower than certain set point, bank of super capacitors by charge-discharge circuit to DC bus powered, to keep busbar voltage within normal working range.Generally speaking, only just can satisfy the peak power requirements of system by bank of super capacitors, but when bank of super capacitors causes terminal voltage to be lower than certain set point because of discharge, when perhaps judging the batteries needs and discharge certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, batteries is by the accumulator charging/discharging circuit constant-current discharge, with bank of super capacitors to DC bus powered.
When the feedback of motor generation energy, the voltage of dc bus will raise.When being higher than certain set point, dc bus charges to bank of super capacitors by the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, and charge power will be decided on the power variation rate of dc bus.Generally speaking, only charge and just can reach the purpose of absorption peak power to bank of super capacitors, but when the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors is higher than certain set point, when perhaps judging the batteries needs and absorb certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, bank of super capacitors charges a battery by accumulator charging/discharging circuit, and charging modes is the constant current charge optimized or pulse current charge etc.
When grid power blackout, hybrid accumulator need provide certain power and energy to dc bus, starts and the output electric energy to guarantee that power plant for emergency is reliable, perhaps guarantees the elevator safety shutdown, and perhaps operation is normal until power system restoration continuously.In the emergency service process, the control accumulator charging/discharging circuit makes batteries discharge with current constant mode, and the power of output equals the average power of elevator load; Control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit makes bank of super capacitors that elevator peak power in the course of the work is provided.
For elevator in the high-rise tour tower and mine hoist, because anchor point seldom needs to move very long distance after power failure, elevator could arrive anchor point, and accessory power supply need be supported the long time.Also have some particular application, need elevator can after power failure, move a few hours continuously.Adopt hybrid accumulator, can make full use of the big advantage of storage battery energy density, the control accumulator charging/discharging circuit makes the current constant mode discharge of batteries to optimize.Emergency power supply is supported the length of time, depends primarily on the capacity of batteries.
When power system restoration just often, in order to guarantee trouble free service (the short at interval situation of twice interruption duration might occur), elevator can not move immediately, and need charge to hybrid accumulator according to certain mode.Adopt bigger electric current to charge, with the charging method accumulators group charging of optimizing to bank of super capacitors.When the state-of-charge of batteries and bank of super capacitors reached set point, elevator just can be reworked.
The present invention adopts mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator, and is equipped with effective control method, has the following advantages:
(1) adopt mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator, can give full play to the big and ultracapacitor power density of storage battery energy density greatly, have extended cycle life, discharge and recharge the advantage that speed is fast and energy storage efficiency is high, make energy storage device have good technical performance.
(2) because the effect of accumulator charging/discharging circuit and control circuit thereof can be optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process, reduce the charge and discharge cycles number of times, the depth of discharge when perhaps reducing charge and discharge cycles takes place increases the service life.
(3) because the effect of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit and control circuit thereof, the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors and DC bus-bar voltage can be very different, satisfying under the prerequisite of same power demand, the capacity usage ratio of ultracapacitor greatly improves, reduce the installed capacity of bank of super capacitors, reduced system cost.
(4) because the unsteady flow effect of accumulator charging/discharging circuit and ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage of batteries, the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors and dc bus can be very different each other, makes the structural arrangements of bank of super capacitors and batteries more flexible.
(5) when the feedback of elevator motor produce power, hybrid accumulator can absorb instantaneous high-power on the dc bus effectively, does not need to adopt bleed-off circuit that energy consumption is fallen, and perhaps can reduce the installed capacity of bleed-off circuit significantly, reduce energy consumption, saved cost.
The present invention mixes use with ultracapacitor with chargeable storage, storage battery energy density is combined with characteristics such as the ultracapacitor power density are big, have extended cycle life greatly, has improved the performance of power energy storing device.The mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator device has energy storage capacity and power I/O capability preferably, can dwindle the volume of energy storage device, improves reliability.Storage battery can be optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process by certain mode and ultracapacitor parallel operation, reduces the charge and discharge cycles number of times, reduces internal loss, increases discharge time, increases the service life.Adopting the super capacitor accumulator energy storage device, can improve the technical performance and the economic performance of system significantly, is a well selection that solves present electric power energy storage problem, uses it for the elevator supply system, has advantage clearly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operation principle block diagram that hybrid accumulator of the present invention is applied to the elevator supply system;
Fig. 2 is the two-way DC/DC converter principle figure of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the two-way DC/DC converter principle figure of accumulator charging/discharging circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of battery charge-discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is hybrid accumulator of the present invention precharge control flow chart before the elevator operation;
Fig. 7 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when busbar voltage descends;
Fig. 8 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when the energy feedback takes place load;
Fig. 9 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when grid power blackout;
Figure 10 is the operation principle block diagram that hybrid accumulator of the present invention is applied to many elevator supplies system.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, lift appliance of the present invention comprises rectifier 200, dc bus 11, bus filter capacitor 300, bleed-off circuit 100, frequency converter 901, motor and load 902 thereof.Wherein, bleed-off circuit 100 is connected in parallel with dc bus 11, comprises the bleeder resistance 101 and the control switch 102 of releasing.The three-phase alternating current of electrical network is through rectifier 200 rectifications, dc bus 11 is supplied with in output, 300 pairs of buses of bus filter capacitor 11 carry out filtering, and the input of frequency converter 901 is connected with dc bus 11, the three-phase alternating current drive motors and the load 902 thereof of frequency converter 901 outputs.
The hybrid accumulator that the present invention is used for elevator comprises bank of super capacitors 10, batteries 20, ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50, and battery charge-discharge control circuit 60.Bank of super capacitors 10 is connected with dc bus 11 by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, and is connected with batteries 20 by accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40.The work of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuits 30 has determined the energy Flow process between bank of super capacitors 10 and the dc bus 11.Before elevator is started working, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuits 30, dc bus 11 gives bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charging circuit 30 with bigger power, reaches set point until its state-of-charge.The work of battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 control accumulator charging/discharging circuits 40 has determined the energy Flow process between batteries 20 and the bank of super capacitors 10.Before elevator was started working, bank of super capacitors 10 reached set point by the current constant mode or 20 chargings of pulse mode accumulators group of battery charging circuit [40] to optimize until its state-of-charge.In the course of the work, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 control accumulator charging/discharging circuits 40 are judged the output of batteries 20 needs or power and the energy imported according to system mode and user instruction; When batteries 20 need provide certain energy in the specific time, control accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 made the current discharge of batteries 20 to optimize.When batteries 20 need absorb certain energy in the specific time, control accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 made current constant mode or the pulse mode charging of batteries 20 to optimize.
Figure 2 shows that the two-way DC/DC converter of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30 of the present invention.By controlled power switching tube 32,34, power diode 33,35, inductance 31, filter capacitor 36,37, input/ output terminal 38,39 is formed.The 31a end of inductance 31 is connected with the anode 38a of port 38; The 31b end of inductance 31 is connected with the negative electrode 33a end of the 32a end of power switch pipe 32 and power diode 33, and the 32b end of power switch pipe 32 is connected with the anode 33b of diode 33, and is connected with the negative terminal 38b of port 38 and the negative terminal 39b of port 39; The 31b end of inductance 31 is connected with the anode 35a end of the 34a end of power switch pipe 34 and power diode 35, and the 34b end of power switch pipe 34 is connected with the negative electrode 35b of power diode 35, and is connected with the anode 39a of port 39; Filter capacitor 36 is connected in parallel with port 38, and filter capacitor 37 is connected in parallel with port 39.Wherein, controlled power switching tube 32 and 34 includes but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc., and present embodiment adopts the IPM module that IGBT device for power switching and drive circuit thereof are integrated, and this inside modules has overcurrent, overheat protective function.When port 38 as input, port 39 is during as output, circuit is step-up DC/DC, 34 and 33 do not work, 32 as controlled tr tube, with the work of 35 control circuits.When port 39 as input, port 38 is during as output, circuit is voltage-dropping type DC/DC, 32 and 35 do not work, 34 as controlled tr tube, with the work of 33 control circuits.Because the voltage of dc bus 11 is higher, therefore, port 38 is connected with bank of super capacitors 10, and port 39 is connected with dc bus 11.When energy when bank of super capacitors 10 flows to dc bus 11, be step-up DC/DC, when energy when dc bus 11 flows to bank of super capacitors 10, be voltage-dropping type DC/DC.
Figure 3 shows that the two-way DC/DC converter of accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 of the present invention.By controlled power switching tube 42,44, power diode 43,45, inductance 41, filter capacitor 46,47, input/ output terminal 48,49 is formed.The 41a end of inductance 41 is connected with the anode 48a of port 48; The 41b end of inductance 41 is connected with the negative electrode 43a end of the 42a end of power switch pipe 42 and power diode 43, and the 42b end of power switch pipe 42 is connected with the anode 43b of diode 43, and is connected with the negative terminal 48b of port 48 and the negative terminal 49b of port 49; The 41b end of inductance 41 is connected with the anode 45a end of the 44a end of power switch pipe 44 and power diode 45, and the 44b end of power switch pipe 44 is connected with the negative electrode 45b of diode 45, and is connected with the anode 49a of port 49; Filter capacitor 46 is connected in parallel with port 48, and filter capacitor 47 is connected in parallel with port 49.Wherein, controlled power switching tube 42 and 44 includes but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc., and present embodiment adopts the IPM module that IGBT device for power switching and drive circuit thereof are integrated, and this inside modules has overcurrent, overheat protective function.In the present embodiment, port 48 is connected with bank of super capacitors 10, port 49 is connected with batteries 20.Like this, when energy when bank of super capacitors 10 flows to batteries 20, be step-up DC/DC; When energy when batteries 20 flows to bank of super capacitors 10, be voltage-dropping type DC/DC.
As shown in Figure 4, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 of the present invention comprises signal sampling unit 51, A/D converting unit 52, user instruction unit 53, calculation control unit 54, and isolation drive unit 55.Wherein, calculation control unit 54 includes but not limited to digital signal processor DSP, single-chip microcomputer, embedded system etc.; Isolation drive unit 55 adopts opto-coupler chip, and the output signal of calculation control unit is carried out electrical isolation and power amplification.Signal sampling unit 51 adopts voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, velocity transducer, acceleration transducer, position transducer, concentration sensor, LOAD CELLS that the state parameter of system is sampled respectively, comprise, line voltage, busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed, acceleration, the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 and charging and discharging currents, the voltage of batteries 20, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents etc., and give A/D converting unit 52 with the voltage signal that produces.A/D converting unit 52 is given calculation control unit 54 with the digital signal of conversion.Calculation control unit 54 is given with user instruction in user instruction unit 53, mainly comprises lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc.Calculation control unit 54 through isolation drive unit 55, drives the power switch pipe 32 and 34 in the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30 according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, and realizes control procedure.The control procedure of setting comprises: before the motor operation, power controlling switching tube 32 is not worked, and drives 34, and dc bus 11 is given bank of super capacitors 10 and accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 power supplies; In the startup of elevator, accelerator, power controlling switching tube 34 is not worked, and drives 32, and bank of super capacitors 10 provides energy to dc bus 11; In elevator produce power regeneration processes, control switch pipe 32 is not worked, and drives 34, and dc bus 11 is given bank of super capacitors 10 and accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 power supplies; In the grid power blackout process, power controlling switching tube 34 is not worked, and drives 32, provides energy to dc bus 11.
As shown in Figure 5, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 of the present invention comprises signal sampling unit 61, A/D converting unit 62, user instruction unit 63, calculation control unit 64, and isolation drive unit 65.Wherein, calculation control unit 64 includes but not limited to digital signal processor DSP, single-chip microcomputer, embedded system etc.; Isolation drive unit 65 adopts opto-coupler chip, and the output signal of calculation control unit 64 is carried out electrical isolation and power amplification.Signal sampling unit 61 adopts voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, velocity transducer, acceleration transducer, position transducer, concentration sensor, LOAD CELLS that the state parameter of system is sampled respectively, comprise, line voltage, busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed, acceleration, the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 and charging and discharging currents, the voltage of batteries 20, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents etc., and give A/D converting unit 62 with the voltage signal that produces.A/D converting unit 62 is given calculation control unit 64 with the digital signal of conversion.User instruction unit 63 is sent to calculation control unit 64 with user instruction, mainly comprises lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc.Calculation control unit 64 through isolation drive unit 65, drives the power switch pipe 42 and 44 in the accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, and realizes control procedure.The control procedure of setting comprises: before elevator brought into operation, control switch pipe 44 was not worked, and drove 42,20 chargings of bank of super capacitors 10 accumulators groups; In elevator startup, accelerator, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 drops to certain set point, power controlling switching tube 42 is not worked, and drives 44, and batteries 20 gives bank of super capacitors 10 power supplies; In deceleration of elevator, stopping process, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 rises to certain set point, power controlling switching tube 44 is not worked, and drives 42,20 chargings of bank of super capacitors 10 accumulators groups; In the grid power blackout process, power controlling switching tube 42 is not worked, and drives 44, and batteries 20 gives bank of super capacitors 10 power supplies, and its power output equals the average power in the running process of elevator.
In actual applications, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 and battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 shared signal sampling units, A/D converting unit, and user instruction unit; Calculation control unit can adopt a CPU, also can adopt a plurality of CPU, has the data communication passage between a plurality of CPU.
Before elevator brought into operation, electrical network gave dc bus 11 power supplies, for it sets up operating voltage by rectification circuit 200 rectifications.Hybrid accumulator of the present invention begins precharge, and charging process as shown in Figure 6.According to system mode and user instruction, comprise elevator position, loading capacity, lifting distance etc., the state-of-charge that decision batteries 20 and bank of super capacitors 10 should reach.Dc bus 11 gives bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, and charge power is bigger, so that its state-of-charge reaches the setting requirement quickly.In this course of work, power switch pipe 32 disconnects all the time, the drive signal control switch pipe 34 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 outputs, and control dc bus 11 is to the power supply process of bank of super capacitors 10.Simultaneously, bank of super capacitors 10 adopts constant current charge or the pulse current charge mode optimized by 20 chargings of accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 accumulators groups.In this process, power switch pipe 44 disconnects all the time, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 output drive signal control switch pipes 42, and control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of batteries 20.When the state-of-charge of bank of super capacitors 10 and batteries 20 has reached set point, stop charging, elevator is ready, can move.
Elevator is in startup, accelerator, and power demand strengthens, and can cause dc bus 11 voltages to reduce; In addition, when electrical network generation voltage interruption, when falling, can cause that also dc bus 11 voltages are with low.Hybrid accumulator is to dc bus 11 power supplies, so that its voltage maintains in certain scope, process as shown in Figure 7.Bank of super capacitors, 10 pass through ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30 gives dc bus 11 power supplies.In this process, power switch pipe 34 disconnects all the time, the control signal driving power switching tube 32 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 outputs, and control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of dc bus 11.Generally speaking, only just can satisfy system requirements by the discharge of bank of super capacitors 10, but when the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 drops to certain set point, when perhaps judging batteries 20 needs and discharge certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, batteries 20 gives bank of super capacitors 10 power supplies by accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40.In this process, power switch pipe 42 disconnects all the time, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 output control signal driving switch pipes 44, and control batteries 20 is to the power supply process of bank of super capacitors 10.General batteries 20 is in the constant-current discharge state.Detect the state-of-charge of batteries 20, if be lower than certain set point, the control elevator safety is shut down, and hybrid accumulator is stopped power supply.
Elevator is in deceleration, stopping process, and motor is in generating state, and passes through frequency converter 901 to dc bus 11 feeds, causes its terminal voltage to raise.Hybrid accumulator absorbs this part power and energy in some way, and process as shown in Figure 8.Dc bus 11 gives bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30.In this process, power switch pipe 32 disconnects all the time, the drive signal power controlling switching tube 34 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 outputs, and control dc bus 11 is to the power supply process of bank of super capacitors 10.Generally speaking, just can reach the purpose of absorption peak power only for bank of super capacitors 10 chargings, but when causing its terminal voltage to rise to certain set point when bank of super capacitors 10 lasting chargings, when perhaps judging batteries 20 needs and absorb certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, bank of super capacitors 10 is by 20 chargings of accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 accumulators groups.In this process, power switch pipe 44 disconnects all the time, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 output control signal driving switch pipes 42, and control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of batteries 20.General batteries 20 works in the constant current charge or the pulse current charge mode of optimization.When charging to, bank of super capacitors 10 and batteries 20 set state-of-charge and the terminal voltage of dc bus 11 when still being higher than the magnitude of voltage of setting, control switch 102 closures in the bleed-off circuit 100, dc bus 11 is by bleeder resistance 101 discharges, drop to setting voltage value until busbar voltage, control switch 102 disconnects.
When grid power blackout, provide the normal operation of elevator required power and energy by hybrid accumulator, realize uninterrupted power supply, process is as shown in Figure 9.Batteries 20 is by accumulator charging/discharging circuit 40 discharges, and batteries 20 constant currents are exported, and its power output equals the average power in the running process of elevator.In this process, power switch pipe 42 disconnects all the time, battery charge-discharge control circuit 60 output control signal driving switch pipes 44, the discharge process of control batteries 20.Bank of super capacitors 10 is powered to dc bus 11 by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30; being mainly used in provides the peak power requirements of elevator when startup, acceleration, and accepts the charging of dc bus 11 or batteries 20 at deceleration of elevator, when shutdown constant power demand is low.In this process, the control signal driving power switching tube 32 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 50 output with 34 in different time period alternations, realize the two-way flow of energy.The hybrid accumulator continuous firing continues to move to next floor and opens elevator door until elevator, and perhaps other power plant for emergency starts and the output electric energy, and perhaps operation is powered until power system restoration continuously.If interruption duration is long, the state-of-charge of batteries 20 and bank of super capacitors 10 is lower than the lower limit of setting, and system controls elevator at suitable floor safe shutdown, and stops the power supply of hybrid accumulator.
Figure 10 is the Application Example of hybrid accumulator of the present invention in many elevator supplies system.On the basis of system shown in Figure 1, electrical network sends common DC bus 11 to by rectification circuit 200 rectifications and with the direct current that produces, common DC bus 11 drives the load 90 that many groups are made up of frequency converter 901 and motor 902, in the present embodiment, all lift appliances are by common DC bus 11 shared cover bleed-off circuits 100 (comprising the vent discharge group 101 and the control switch 102 of releasing).The course of work of hybrid accumulator and control method are to embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 similar.The advantage of present embodiment is, drive many group loads 90 by one group of common DC bus 11, can give full play to the energy complement effect that occurs because of the course of work is asynchronous between each load, can further dwindle the installed capacity of hybrid accumulator like this, can reduce the course of work of hybrid accumulator, improve energy utilization efficiency.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator is characterized in that: comprise bank of super capacitors [10], batteries [20], ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40], ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [50], battery charge-discharge control circuit [60]; Bank of super capacitors [10] is connected with dc bus [11] by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], and is connected with batteries [20] by accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40]; Ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] and accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] adopt the two-way DC/DC power inverter of non-isolation type; Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [50] comprises signal sampling unit [51], A/D converting unit [52], user instruction unit [53], calculation control unit [54] and isolation drive unit [55]; Battery charge-discharge control circuit [60] comprises signal sampling unit [61], A/D converting unit [62], user instruction unit [63], calculation control unit [64] and isolation drive unit [65];
In ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [50], the state parameter of signal sampling unit [51] acquisition system, output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [52], A/D converting unit [52] is given calculation control unit [54] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [54] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [53], and calculation control unit [54] output control signal is given isolation drive unit [55]; In battery charge-discharge control circuit [60], the state parameter of signal sampling unit [61] acquisition system, output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [62], A/D converting unit [62] is given calculation control unit [64] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [64] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [63], and calculation control unit [64] output control signal is given isolation drive unit [65].
2, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the two-way DC/DC power inverter of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] is made up of controlled power switching tube [32 and 34], power diode [33 and 35], inductance [31], filter capacitor [36 and 37], input/output terminal [38 and 39]; The 31a end of inductance [31] is connected with the anode 38a of port [38]; The 31b end of inductance [31] is connected with the negative electrode 33a end of the 32a end of power switch pipe [32] and power diode [33], the 32b end of power switch pipe [32] is connected with the anode 33b of diode [33], and is connected with the negative terminal 38b of port [38] and the negative terminal 39b of port [39]; The 31b end of inductance [31] is connected with the anode 35a end of the 34a end of power switch pipe [34] and power diode [35], and the 34b end of power switch pipe [34] is connected with the anode 35b of diode [35], and is connected with the anode 39a of port [39]; Filtering capacitor [36] is connected in parallel with port [38], and filtering capacitor [37] is connected in parallel with port [39].
3, the elevator hybrid accumulator that is used for as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the two-way DC/DC power inverter of accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] is made up of controlled power switching tube [42 and 44], power diode [43 and 45], inductance [41], filter capacitor [46 and 47], input/output terminal [48 and 49]; The 41a end of inductance [41] is connected with the anode 48a of port [48]; The 41b end of inductance [41] is connected with the negative electrode 43a end of the 42a end of power switch pipe [42] and power diode [43], the 42b end of power switch pipe [42] is connected with the anode 43b of diode [43], and is connected with the negative terminal 48b of port [48] and the negative terminal 49b of port [49]; The 41b end of inductance [41] is connected with the anode 45a end of the 44a end of power switch pipe [44] and power diode [45], and the 44b end of power switch pipe [44] is connected with the negative electrode 45b of diode [45], and is connected with the anode 49a of port [49]; Filtering capacitor [46] is connected in parallel with port [48], and filtering capacitor [47] is connected in parallel with port [49].
4, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hybrid accumulator is applied to the electric power system of many elevators, each elevator motor [902] links to each other with common DC bus [11] by frequency converter [901], and a shared bleed-off circuit [100].
5, a kind of described control method that is used for the hybrid accumulator of elevator of claim 1 that is used for, it is characterized in that: signal sampling unit [51] the sampling line voltage in the ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [50], the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage and the charging and discharging currents of bank of super capacitors [10], the voltage of batteries [20], temperature, state parameter such as density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents, output voltage signal is delivered to A/D converting unit [52], A/D converting unit [52] is given calculation control unit [54] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [54] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [53], calculation control unit [54] is according to the control method output control signal of setting, through isolation drive unit [55], power switch pipe [32 and 34] in the control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] is realized control procedure; The control method of setting comprises: before the elevator operation, power controlling switching tube [32] is not worked, and drives [34], and dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] and accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] power supply; In the startup of elevator, accelerator, power controlling switching tube [34] is not worked, and drives [32], provides energy to dc bus [11]; In elevator produce power regeneration processes, control switch pipe [32] is not worked, and drives [34], and dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] and accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] power supply; In the grid power blackout process, power controlling switching tube [34] is not worked, and drives [32], provides energy to dc bus [11];
Signal sampling unit [61] sampling line voltage in the battery charge-discharge control circuit [60], the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage and the charging and discharging currents of bank of super capacitors [10], the state parameters such as voltage, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents of batteries [20], output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [62], and A/D converting unit [62] is given calculation control unit [64] with the digital signal of conversion; Calculation control unit [64] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [63], calculation control unit [64] is according to the control method output control signal of setting, through isolation drive unit [65], control procedure is realized in power switch pipe [42] and [44] in the control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [40]; The control method of setting comprises: before elevator brought into operation, control switch pipe [44] was not worked, and drove [42] bank of super capacitors [10] accumulators group [20] charging; In elevator startup, accelerator, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors [10] drops to certain set point, power controlling switching tube [42] is not worked, and drives [44], and batteries [20] is given bank of super capacitors [10] power supply; In deceleration of elevator, stopping process, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors [10] rises to certain set point, power controlling switching tube [44] is not worked, and drives [42] bank of super capacitors [10] accumulators group [20] charging; In the grid power blackout process, power controlling switching tube [42] is not worked, and drives [44], and batteries [20] is given bank of super capacitors [10] power supply, and its power output equals average power required in the running process of elevator.
6, the hybrid accumulator control method that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: before elevator is started working, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [50] control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] charging by ultracapacitor charging circuit [30] with bigger power, bank of super capacitors [10] is by current constant mode or pulse mode accumulators group [20] charging of battery charging circuit [40] to optimize, and reaches set point until their state-of-charge.
7, the hybrid accumulator control method that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: battery charge-discharge control circuit [60] control accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40], judge that according to system mode and user instruction batteries [20] needs the power and the energy of output or input; When batteries [20] need provide certain energy in the specific time, control accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] made the current discharge of batteries [20] to optimize.When batteries [20] need absorb certain energy in the specific time, control accumulator charging/discharging circuit [40] made current constant mode or the pulse mode charging of batteries [20] to optimize.
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