CN1842609A - Resistant alloy for heat exchangers - Google Patents

Resistant alloy for heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1842609A
CN1842609A CN 200480021488 CN200480021488A CN1842609A CN 1842609 A CN1842609 A CN 1842609A CN 200480021488 CN200480021488 CN 200480021488 CN 200480021488 A CN200480021488 A CN 200480021488A CN 1842609 A CN1842609 A CN 1842609A
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China
Prior art keywords
aluminium
aluminium alloy
alloy
interchanger
cold
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CN 200480021488
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
L·洛赫特
W-D·芬克尔恩伯格
P·瓦格纳
R·希金
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Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
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Hydro Aluminium Deutschland GmbH
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Publication of CN1842609A publication Critical patent/CN1842609A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cold-hardened aluminium alloy for heat exchangers, a method for production of a cold-hardened aluminium strip or sheet and an aluminium strip or sheet. According to the invention, a cold-hardened aluminium alloy for heat exchangers may be provided which permits an economic application of inert gas shielded welding for the production of heat exchangers and with high resistance after a natural hardening after the welding, whereby the aluminium alloy has the following alloy components in wt. %: Si <= 0.7%, 0.1% <= Mg <= 1, Fe <= 0.3%, 0.08% <= Cu <= 0.2%, Ti <= 0.2%, Mn <= 0.1%, Cr <= 0.1%, Zn <= 0.1%, unavoidable impurities individually max. 0.1%, in total max. 0.15% and remainder aluminium.

Description

Resistant alloy for heat exchangers
But but the present invention relates to method and aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of interchanger with cold ageing hardened aluminium alloy, manufacturing cold ageing sclerosis aluminium strip.
Automobile industry is growing to the demand of aluminum or aluminum alloy interchanger.Wherein under the size condition suitable with performance, replace non-ferrous metal interchanger commonly used in the past with aluminium alloy, the weight of interchanger almost reduces by half.Nowadays, the aluminum or aluminum alloy interchanger is mainly used in cooling water coolant, oil and is used for air-conditioning system in motor vehicle.The automobile-use interchanger is made by aluminium strip or aluminium sheet usually, and wherein for example heat exchanger fin, pipe and sparger interconnect by soldering the single precast segment of interchanger.Owing to intermittence vibrations, for a long time vibrations, corrosion and similar reason, make that when reality is used load is significant to the influence of the assembly of the manufacturing like this and the Motor vehicles of packing into.Especially pass through its radiator element of removing heat especially like this.Although the load of automotive heat exchangers is obvious and operating pressure rises, but still needs to save the weight of motor vehicle, thereby need further alleviate the wall thickness of interchanger.Yet, the intensity after the intensity, particularly soldering of the aluminium alloy of the further raising of these needs interchanger.The way of interchanger soldering has two kinds, and the one, without the vacuum brazing of solder flux, two are to use the rare gas element soldering of non-aggressive solder flux.Up to now, but the employed cold ageing hardened of interchanger vacuum brazing aluminium alloy is aluminium alloy AA6063 (AlMgO for example, 7Si), AA6061 (AlMglSiCu) or AA6951 (AlMgO, Mg content 6SiCu) is higher, so that in the vacuum brazing process, stop any oxidation of the molten aluminum scolder on the part to be brazed on the one hand by " air-breathing ", thereby guaranteeing the intact soldering tieing without solder flux, is the intensity values of brazed heat exchanger during for natural aging after soldering on the other hand.Yet the shortcoming of this method is the cost costliness that keeps gas shield and reach the purity requirement of soldered component.Replacement scheme rare gas element soldering (being also referred to as the soldering of CAB controlled atmosphere) is though not too expensive in these areas, and can shorten braze cycle 20% at most in addition, but the known aluminium alloy that the Mg content that can not be used for vacuum brazing is high, magnesium can react with the non-aggressive solder flux when reason was soldering.Have only by using and expensive contain the caesium solder flux and just can avoid this situation.Can also use the high aluminium alloy of copper content (copper content>0.5%) in addition, but this alloy the time thermal crack appears easily in casting, thus when having improved casting to the requirement of rolling rod, this sees it is crucial from economic angle.In addition, under high copper content, if copper is present in the tissue with the suitable form of separating out, the danger to spot corrosion or grain boundary corrosion sensitization can appear.At last, when the rare gas element soldering, can use the aluminium alloy that has the tundish coating, but feasible cold ageing hardening aluminum alloy that can Mg content is high relatively is as core as diffusion impervious layer.But the tundish coating that has diffusion impervious layer can bring extra cost, so can not realize the economic production of interchanger equally.
It is known making interchanger by the above-mentioned aluminium alloy assembly of soldering, for example by US patent specification US 4214925.
Therefore, set out by above-mentioned prior art, the objective of the invention is to, but provide a kind of interchanger, have high intensity level after their natural aging after soldering with cold ageing hardened aluminium alloy, a kind of method and corresponding aluminium strip or aluminium sheet of making interchanger with aluminium strip.
According to first kind of instruction of the present invention, solved the above-mentioned purpose of aluminium alloy by described aluminium alloy with following alloying constituent, wherein in weight %:
Si≤0.7%,
0.1%≤Mg≤1%,
Fe≤0.3%,
0.08%≤Cu≤0.2%,
Ti≤0.2%,
Mn≤0.1%,
Cr≤0.1%,
Zn≤0.1%,
Inevitably every kind of associated element is maximum 0.1%, and total amount is maximum 0.15%, and surplus is an aluminium.
Unexpectedly, the interchanger that is made of the aluminium alloy that contains above-mentioned alloy share after soldering and at room temperature has motor vehicle after the natural aging and uses needed intensity, particularly yield-point RP 0.2, and do not need further thermal treatment.Its reason is that being combined in of Si and Mg content forms the Mg that segments cloth in the aluminium alloy of the present invention according to the present invention 2Si type precipitate, and because the natural aging under the room temperature has caused the intensity raising.Can further improve the intensity raising that natural aging causes by add copper with scope 0.08 weight % to the 0.2 weight % that requires.
Mostly be most 0.3 weight % by limiting Fe content, can guarantee that Si exists with dissolved state in aluminium alloy.In addition, the low content of Cu of maximum 0.2 weight %, the intensity in the time of can guaranteeing to improve natural aging on the one hand increases, and this restriction of Cu content can reduce the susceptibility of aluminium alloy to soldering postcooling speed on the other hand.Equally for the intensity that the limits aluminium alloy dependency to soldering postcooling speed, Mn content must be restricted to maximum 0.1 weight %.On the contrary, the Cr content of maximum 0.1 weight % can improve the intensity and the erosion resistance of aluminium alloy of the present invention.In addition, the Ti content of maximum 0.2 weight % has positive influence to aluminium alloy erosion resistance of the present invention, and reason is the grain refining that alloying element Ti helps aluminum alloy organization, thereby makes the corrosive nature homogenizing.For fear of the negative effect of zinc, must limit Zn content and mostly be 0.1 weight % most corrosion of aluminium alloy of the present invention.
According to first preferred embodiment,, can further improve the intensity of aluminium alloy of the present invention by the natural aging after the soldering by comprising Si, Mg and Cu aluminium alloy as main alloy element.
For fear of heat exchanger assembly to be brazed softening when the soldering, if the solidus temperature of aluminium alloy is not less than 610 ℃, be favourable, because soldering is carried out at the highest 600 ℃ usually for carrying out perfect brazing process.The present invention realizes that the way of this point is, makes the summation of alloy share of Si, Mg and Cu be no more than 1.2 weight %.At this moment alloying element can reduce solidus temperature usually, and wherein to reduce the coefficient of aluminium alloy solidus temperature be 1.2 times of Mg to Si, and the coefficient that Mg effectively reduces solidus temperature is 3.5 times of Cu.
This is not suitable for alloying element Ti, so by making aluminium alloy contain the solidus temperature that alloying element Ti improves aluminium alloy of the present invention.
If use up the upper limit to magnesium of desired alloy, then preferably the interchanger by this alloy manufacturing is carried out soldering by vacuum brazing.On limited degree, also can utilize and use the rare gas element soldering that contains the caesium solder flux.Be no more than 0.8 weight % by the alloy share that makes magnesium, can simplify the rare gas element soldering of using when containing the caesium solder flux especially.
In addition, when mostly being most the low Mg content of 0.3 weight %, aluminium alloy of the present invention is very suitable for using the rare gas element soldering of non-corrosive flux, and reason is limited with the level of response of solder flux, and can be in order to avoid use the more expensive caesium solder flux that contains.
A particularly preferred embodiment of aluminium alloy of the present invention is, after processing and the soldering also at room temperature the aluminium alloy that obtains after about 30 days of natural aging have extra high intensity level.This material behavior makes manufacturing process cheap especially, thereby because has guaranteed that as the natural aging of a transportation part fabulous intensity does not need to take other measure.
According to second kind of instruction of the present invention, solved the above-mentioned target of the present invention by the following method:
-by the bar castmethod casting rolling rod of aluminium alloy of the present invention according to routine,
More than 6 hours, particularly more than 12 hours, at least 400 ℃, preferred 450 ℃ were carried out hot rolling and make band-rolling rod 500-600 ℃ of homogenizing, and wherein the hot rolled outlet temperature is at least 300 ℃,
-with the hot rolled strap cold rolling to final thickness, then at least 300 ℃, preferred 350 ℃ are carried out softening annealing.
Rolling rod to the casting of the bar castmethod by routine carries out homogenizing more than 6 hours at 500-600 ℃, particularly more than 12 hours, can separate out so that spread slowly element such as manganese and chromium mode with fine dispersion when melt cools off.But by make tropocal wood produce structure at least 400 ℃ of hot rollings for deformation behavior and erosion resistance optimization, wherein the final rolling temperature of hot rolled must be at least 300 ℃, but, obtain when hot rolling, to form the tissue of optimizing on the other hand so that make rolling rod have enough deformation behaviors on the one hand.In this situation, the final thickness of hot rolled band can be lower than for example 9mm.For the band that promotes to make according to the inventive method forms precast segment such as heat exchanger fin, pipe or the sparger of interchanger, subsequently to the band by the maximum 2mm of the cold rolling final thickness that obtains at least 300 ℃, preferred 350 ℃ are carried out softening annealing.
The alloy composition and the above-mentioned technology characteristics of aluminium alloy is combined, can produce based on the alloying element (Mg, Si, Cu) of routine at rare gas element soldering and natural aging yield-point RP after 30 days at room temperature 0.2The interchanger of 〉=65Mpa, thereby the huge load of adaline motor-car well.In addition, use and do not adopt the rare gas element soldering that contains the caesium solder flux to make interchanger, thereby make the economic possibility that creates.
If hot rolling and/or cold rolling on single stand or multistand mill reversible or uniaxially carry out, method of the present invention can be with the device of routine and equipment with less rolling carrying out.
By after homogenizing, using almit sandwich rolling rod, can in the brazing process of interchanger, obtain extra high process safety.The aluminium strip of being made by this rolling rod has uniform almit layer, and it can form brazed joint especially uniformly between heat exchanger fin, pipe and the sparger of for example interchanger when soldering.Iff a side metallized aluminum solder, can coat or apply the alloy that one deck for example plays the corrosion prevention effect at opposite side at aluminium strip of the present invention.
The aluminium alloy that preferred use silicone content is 6 to 13 weight % is as almit, particularly AlSi7 or AlSi10 alloy, with respect to the oxide skin that remains in the nonoxidizing atmosphere on the heat exchanger assembly to be brazed, above-mentioned alloy has good especially wettability for almit when the rare gas element soldering.
At last, according to the third instruction of the present invention, with aluminium strip or aluminium sheet, solved above-mentioned target by the interchanger made with the inventive method.As previously mentioned, with the aluminium strip or the aluminium sheet of the inventive method manufacturing has raising after the age hardening after the soldering intensity level, particularly yield-point, therefore can further reduce the wall thickness of interchanger.In addition, can not adopt the solder flux that contains caesium and use the rare gas element soldering of non-aggressive solder flux to make interchanger.
The preferred 2mm at most of the thickness of aluminium strip or aluminium sheet, preferred especially 1mm at most.Because its intensity is higher than conventional material, can further reduce thickness of strip when using aluminium strip of the present invention, thus when making interchanger, can save material, and further reduce the weight of interchanger.In this case, because the intensity of aluminium alloy is higher, even also can not damage the processing safety of interchanger at higher working pressure.
But manyly may be used for the aluminium strip of the present invention that the interchanger of first kind of instruction according to the present invention is used with the manufacturing interchanger of the method for cold ageing sclerosis aluminium strip and the third instruction according to the present invention with the manufacturing interchanger of cold ageing hardened aluminium alloy, second kind of instruction according to the present invention or thin aluminum sheet is configured and further development but exist at present.For this reason, for example on the one hand can be referring to being subordinated to claim 1,5 and 9 claim, but on the other hand can be referring to specification sheets and accompanying drawing to the explanation of the manufacturing interchanger that relates to second kind of instruction with the embodiment of the method for cold ageing sclerosis aluminium strip according to the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing, but only figure has represented to realize the synoptic diagram of the manufacturing interchanger of second kind of instruction according to the present invention with the processing approach of the typical embodiments of the method for cold ageing sclerosis aluminium strip.
In the represented processing approach of this unique accompanying drawing, be included in first step by aluminum aloy cast rod foundry goods 1.In this case, in weight %, the aluminium alloy of this typical embodiments has following alloying constituent:
0.60%≤Si≤0.7%,
0.12%≤Fe≤0.3%,
0.08%≤Cu≤0.20%,
0.04%≤Mn≤0.08%,
0.12%≤Mg≤0.30%,
Cr<0.05%,
Zn<0.05%,
0.08%≤Ti≤0.20%,
B<50ppm,
Inevitably associated element is maximum 0.03%, and total amount is maximum 0.1%, and surplus is an aluminium.
The low boron content of 50ppm can improve the ability that can be recycled of aluminium alloy at most.In the homogenizing stage 2, use the DC method that the rolling rod by above-mentioned aluminium alloy casting is carried out homogenizing then.Under 575 ℃ of temperature, carry out homogenizing,, obtained the result of good rolling excellent homogenizing especially particularly more than 12 hours more than 6 hours.Rolling rod is hot-rolled down to for example thickness of 7mm on a tandem support 3a after carrying out homogenizing, for example, wherein particularly will keep the hot rolled outlet temperature must be more than 300 ℃, and is preferred more than 330 ℃, to guarantee forming best tissue during the hot rolling.But, as selection scheme, also can on a reversing rolling stand 3, carry out hot rolling, and be wrapped on the unshowned spool, carry out hot rolling and not be used on the tandem support 3a.On the milling train 4 of single stand or multimachine seat, then be cold rolled to the about 1mm of final thickness.Similar with hot rolling, cold rollingly can optionally on a reversible frame, carry out equally with reversing rolling stand.By in batch furnace 5, under about 350 ℃, carrying out softening annealing at last, aluminium strip is transformed into the state that intensity is low as far as possible and extensibility is high, so that when making heat exchanger component subsequently, reduce the difficulty of deformation processing.
As the selectivity replacement scheme of interchanger of the present invention with the above-mentioned embodiment of band manufacture method, after homogenizing step 2 is carried out homogenizing, can use almit sandwich rolling rod, for example coat AlSi7 or AlSi10 alloy, to avoid coated with aluminum scolder before the interchanger that soldering is made by band of the present invention subsequently.For this reason, rolling rod must be heated at least 400 ℃ earlier before hot rolling, preferred 450 ℃ initial temperature of rolling.During interchanger that soldering is made by aluminium strip of the present invention or aluminium sheet, especially when using the rare gas element soldering, can need not under 600 ℃ the temperature to use to contain the caesium solder flux being up to, from 600 ℃ to 200 ℃ typical speed of cooling is 30 ℃ of per minutes, after the soldering at room temperature 30 of natural aging days, can obtain extra high interchanger intensity level, particularly yield-point RP 0.2〉=65Mpa.Needn't accurately limit by 200 ℃ of coolings to room temperature.

Claims (13)

1. but interchanger is characterized in that in weight %, this aluminium alloy comprises following alloying constituent with cold ageing hardened aluminium alloy:
Si≤0.7%,
0.1%≤Mg≤1%,
Fe≤0.3%,
0.08%≤Cu≤0.2%,
Ti≤0.2%,
Mn≤0.1%,
Cr≤0.1%,
Zn≤0.1%,
Inevitably every kind of associated element is maximum 0.1%, and total amount is maximum 0.15%, and surplus is an aluminium.
2. but the described cold ageing hardened of claim 1 aluminium alloy is characterized in that, this aluminium alloy comprises Si, Mg and the main alloy element of Cu conduct.
3. but claim 1 or 2 described cold ageing hardened aluminium alloys is characterized in that the total amount of the alloy share of Si, Mg and Cu is no more than 1.2 weight %.
4. any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-3 is characterized in that this aluminium alloy comprises Ti as alloying constituent.
5. any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-4 is characterized in that, the alloy share of Mg is no more than 0.8 weight %.
6. any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-4 is characterized in that, the alloy share of Mg is no more than 0.3 weight %.
7. any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-6 is characterized in that, also natural aging is after about 30 days after processing and soldering, and this aluminium alloy has extra high intensity level.
But 8. make the method for interchanger by any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that with cold ageing sclerosis aluminium strip,
-according to the bar castmethod casting rolling rod of routine,
-rolling rod 500-600 ℃ of homogenizing more than 6 hours, particularly more than 12 hours,
-with rolling rod at least 400 ℃, preferred 450 ℃ are rolled into band, wherein the outlet temperature during the hot rolling is at least 300 ℃,
-with the hot rolled strap cold rolling to final thickness, then at least 300 ℃, preferred 350 ℃ are carried out softening annealing.
9. the described method of claim 8 is characterized in that, hot rolling and/cold rolling on single stand or multistand mill reversible or uniaxially carry out.
10. claim 8 and 9 described methods is characterized in that, use almit sandwich rolling rod after the homogenizing.
11. the described method of claim 10 is characterized in that, use silicone content be the aluminium alloy of 6 to 13 weight % as almit, particularly AlSi7 or AlSi10 alloy.
12. make aluminium strip or aluminium sheet that interchanger is used, it is made up of any one described aluminium alloy of claim 1-7, particularly makes with any one described method of claim 8-11.
13. described aluminium strip of claim 12 or aluminium sheet is characterized in that, the thickness of this aluminium strip or aluminium sheet is maximum 2mm, preferred 1mm.
CN 200480021488 2003-07-25 2004-07-26 Resistant alloy for heat exchangers Pending CN1842609A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03016970 2003-07-25
EP03016970.0 2003-07-25
EP03029964.8 2003-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1842609A true CN1842609A (en) 2006-10-04

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ZA (1) ZA200600685B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102418010A (en) * 2011-12-15 2012-04-18 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 Cast aluminum alloy with pinholes removed and smelting method thereof
CN105483405A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-04-13 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 Preparation method of 6-series aluminium alloy for automotive structural part

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102418010A (en) * 2011-12-15 2012-04-18 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 Cast aluminum alloy with pinholes removed and smelting method thereof
CN102418010B (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-04-10 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 Cast aluminum alloy with pinholes removed and smelting method thereof
CN105483405A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-04-13 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 Preparation method of 6-series aluminium alloy for automotive structural part
CN105483405B (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-02-13 西南铝业(集团)有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of 6 line aluminium alloys of automobile structure

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Publication number Publication date
ZA200600685B (en) 2007-04-25

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