CN1837600B - 用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1837600B
CN1837600B CN2006100661495A CN200610066149A CN1837600B CN 1837600 B CN1837600 B CN 1837600B CN 2006100661495 A CN2006100661495 A CN 2006100661495A CN 200610066149 A CN200610066149 A CN 200610066149A CN 1837600 B CN1837600 B CN 1837600B
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V·K·米尔斯
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/20—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines characterised by means for preventing vapour lock
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C17/00—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith
    • E05C17/02—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means
    • E05C17/44—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a device carried on the wing for frictional or like engagement with a fixed flat surface, e.g. for holding wings open or closed by retractable feet
    • E05C17/443—Devices for holding wings open; Devices for limiting opening of wings or for holding wings open by a movable member extending between frame and wing; Braking devices, stops or buffers, combined therewith by mechanical means with a device carried on the wing for frictional or like engagement with a fixed flat surface, e.g. for holding wings open or closed by retractable feet of the pivoted lever or eccentric type, e.g. for sliding windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03504—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means adapted to avoid loss of fuel or fuel vapour, e.g. with vapour recovery systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K15/03519—Valve arrangements in the vent line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
    • F02M25/089—Layout of the fuel vapour installation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2600/00—Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
    • E05Y2600/60—Mounting or coupling members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2600/622—Dowels; Pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统和方法。小型发动机燃料系统包括带有一体形成的加注管的燃料箱，加注管的下端位于上部燃料箱壁下方的水平高度处，燃料箱壁由蒸气不能透过的材料形成，所述材料可包括散布有EVOH或聚酰胺的HDPE。在一个示例性实施例中，加注口设置在上部燃料箱壁的凹部内；在另一示例性实施例中，加注管具有伸入燃料箱内至上部燃料箱壁下方一位置处的插入件，以形成蒸气空间。该燃料箱包括加注过量限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀，该阀的出口连接到存储炭罐，该炭罐输出到发动机并具有大气通风口。

Description

用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统和方法。
背景技术
小于50马力(37.4千瓦)的小型发动机广泛用于例如园艺拖拉机、割草机、便携式发电机组以及小型船舶等应用。尽管在某些接近50马力的应用中可以使用燃料泵，但是这种发动机通常使用靠近发动机安装的燃料箱，该燃料箱设置成利用重力从燃料箱向发动机化油器供给燃料。
迄今为止，还没有对小型发动机提出如机动车辆那样的燃料蒸气排放要求；但是，近来要求用于这种应用的小型发动机具有在发动机运转期间和发动机停止期间防止向大气排放蒸气的燃料系统。小型发动机的燃料箱通常使用在燃料加注口盖中的开放式通风口，以便在发动机运转期间随着燃料的抽取而允许补偿空气通过，并防止由于燃料蒸气导致燃料箱内的压力增加。
要求密封燃料箱通风口导致在改造小型发动机燃料系统以满足蒸气排放要求时复杂性和成本增加，具体是因为这种发动机大批量制造、加工是永久类型的并且花费很大。从而，要求改变燃料系统和燃料箱的设计会导致发动机的制造成本大大增加。因此，希望提供一种对小型发动机进行燃料蒸气排放控制而无需进行重大的重新设计且无需对燃料箱和燃料系统构件进行重新加工的方法或手段。
因此，希望将提供用于控制这种小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的密闭燃料箱系统所必需的附加构件所需的空间降到最小。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供了一种用于小型发动机的燃料蒸气排放控制系统，包括：(a)燃料箱，该燃料箱具有在箱壁内燃料蒸气不能透过的阻隔层并具有形成蒸气顶罩的上壁部分；(b)与燃料箱的壁结构一体形成的加注管，该加注管在燃料箱内的端部设置在比蒸气顶罩低的水平高度处，从而在补给燃料期间燃料在到达蒸气顶罩之前在所述加注管内上升，其中在所述加注管内上升的燃料提供了燃料箱已经加注到所希望水平高度的可视信号；(c)加注过量限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀，该阀具有设置成通过所述蒸气顶罩的壁的蒸气通风出口；以及(d)将所述蒸气通风出口连接到发动机的空气入口的管道。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种控制小型发动机燃料系统内的燃料蒸气排放的方法，包括：(a)形成内部有蒸气阻隔层的燃料箱壁结构和一体的加注管；(b)将加注管的下端设置在低于燃料箱壁结构的最上部的预定水平高度；(c)在所述燃料箱壁结构的最上部设置加注过量限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀；(d)将所述阀的蒸气出口连接到发动机的空气入口；以及(e)在补给燃料期间将加注液面限制到所述加注管的下端的水平高度，其中所述加注管提供了燃料已达到所述预定水平高度的可视信号。
本说明书、附图描述了用于小型发动机的燃料系统，该系统包括具有一体形成的加注管的燃料箱，加注管具有用于加注管的不通风的盖，加注管的下端位于燃料箱内防止在所希望的水平高度(位置)上方完全充满燃料箱的预定水平高度处，从而在燃料箱内的液体燃料上方提供蒸气顶罩。该燃料箱包括加注限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻(倾卸)阀，该阀的蒸气出口连接到与发动机空气入口相连的存储炭罐，以便在工作期间使蒸气流到发动机。该存储炭罐上设置有大气净化通风口，在所述实施例中该通风口连接到发动机空气滤清器，以允许在净化流动期间过滤后的空气被抽入炭罐。该燃料箱形成有蒸气不能透过的阻隔层，该阻隔层可以包括诸如散布有乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)或散布有聚酰胺的HDPE的材料。在一个实施例中，燃料箱加注器从燃料箱壁顶部的凹入区域延伸，使得加注管的下端位于低于燃料箱顶部的水平高度处，从而限定一蒸气顶罩。在另一实施例中，加注管的下端由一体模制的加注管内的插入件限定，插入件的下端限定了所希望的燃料加注液面。
附图说明
图1是用于小型发动机的燃料蒸气排放系统的示意图；
图2是示出图3的燃料箱的燃料加注器的可选实施例的局部截面图；
图3是用于图1的系统的燃料箱的侧视图；
图4是图3的燃料箱的左视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，用于控制小型发动机内的燃料蒸气排放的系统总体上由10指示并包括总体上由12指示的一示例性实施例的燃料箱，该燃料箱具有连接到小型发动机18的化油器16的重力供给燃料管14。上部燃料箱壁20与燃料加注管22形成一体，燃料加注管的上端设置有不通风的并且使用者可以取下的封闭盖24。该加注管的下端26伸入燃料箱的内部至所希望的预定水平高度，下文将详细说明其原因。
上部燃料箱壁20内还设置有总体上由28指示的加注限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀，该阀具有沿管线32连接到可容纳吸附材料的存储炭罐34的蒸气通风出口30。存储炭罐34具有沿管线36连接至设置在发动机18的空气入口处的空气滤清器38的净化出口或蒸气出口。存储炭罐34还具有大气通风口，可例如通过沿管线40连接到发动机的空气滤清器38对通风大气进行过滤。
加注限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀28可以是浮子操作类型的，以在燃料箱中的燃料液面达到预定水平高度时封闭通风出口30。该阀还可具有当燃料箱失向至预定倾翻程度或当倒置或翻车时封闭该阀的功能。
参照图2，上部燃料箱壁20与垂直向上延伸的加注管22形成一体，该加注管的上端设有螺纹42，盖44螺纹接合在该螺纹42上以封闭加注管；用户可以取下该盖来补给燃料。
在图1和2的实施例中，加注管的下端26由插入件46形成，该插入件形成有向外延伸的环形凸缘48并可以通过诸如焊接或粘结剂结合的任何适当手段固定到加注管22上。
如上所述，加注管的下端26位于燃料箱内的预定水平高度处。当使用者取下盖44并且补给燃料时，如果燃料箱内的燃料液面超过加注管的下端26，则继续补给燃料会导致燃料迅速上升到插入件46内。当燃料液面达到插入件46的上端并从该上端溢出时，这为使用者提供了燃料箱已经加注到所希望水平高度的可视信号。这种设置防止了燃料显著地上升到插入件的下端的水平高度26上方；从而在位于液体燃料液面上方且上部燃料箱壁20下方的燃料箱内保持有蒸气空间。
加注管插入件的下端26以如下方式设置在燃料箱内，即，当燃料液面达到端部26时阀28保持打开；并且当盖44再次封闭时燃料蒸气可通过阀28到达存储炭罐34，从而防止了燃料箱内的压力增加。
在本实施例中，燃料箱12可以通过任何低成本工艺形成，例如通过燃料蒸气基本不能透过的材料的吹塑形成，这种材料例如为散布有乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)材料的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或散布有聚酰胺材料的HDPE。但是，应当理解，可以使用其它合适的蒸气不能透过的材料。
参照图3和4，另一示例性实施例的燃料箱总体上由50指示，其中上部燃料箱壁52形成有凹部或较低部分54，该凹部可以形成为与燃料箱的一端相邻。垂直向上延伸的加注管56与燃料箱形成为一体，加注管56的上端设有螺纹58。应当理解，螺纹58可以与合适的封闭加注口盖(图3和4中未示出)相接合。
通向燃料箱内的加注管56的下端由附图标记60指示并设置在上部燃料箱壁52下方的预定水平高度处，当燃料液面达到下端60时使燃料在加注管内迅速上升；从而，下端60与上文在图1和2的实施例中所述的下端26起到相同的作用。
燃料箱50包括总体上由62指示的加注限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀，该阀具有适于连接到存储炭罐34的出口64。燃料箱50还包括可以连接到发动机化油器16的重力供给燃料出口66。
在图3和4的实施例中，阀62起到在燃料箱失向至预定倾翻程度或当翻车时封闭的功能。当燃料箱50竖直时，只要在上部燃料箱壁52和加注管下端60的下方存在蒸气空间，阀62就保持打开并且允许燃料蒸气流向存储炭罐。
此处参照图示实施例描述的实施例提供了用于小型发动机的燃料蒸气排放控制而无需大大增加燃料系统所需的空间，在燃料箱内的液体燃料液面上方提供了必需的蒸气空间以允许加注口盖被密封而仍允许蒸气流向存储炭罐并与大气通风，并防止了燃料箱内的压力增加。
应当理解，可以在所附权利要求的范围内参照此处所示和所述的实施例做出修改和变型。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于小型发动机(18)的燃料蒸气排放控制系统(10)，包括：
(a)燃料箱(12)，该燃料箱具有在箱壁内燃料蒸气不能透过的阻隔层并具有形成蒸气顶罩的上壁部分；
(b)与燃料箱的壁结构一体形成的加注管(22)，该加注管在燃料箱内的端部(26)设置在比蒸气顶罩低的水平高度处，从而在补给燃料期间燃料在到达蒸气顶罩之前在所述加注管内上升，其中当燃料液面达到所述加注管的所述端部时，继续补给燃料则燃料在所述加注管内迅速上升；
(c)加注过量限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀(28)，该阀具有设置成通过所述蒸气顶罩的壁的蒸气通风出口(30)；以及
(d)将所述蒸气通风出口连接到发动机的空气入口的管道(32)。
2.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述管道包括蒸气存储炭罐(34)。
3.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀包括浮子操作器。
4.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述燃料箱的所述上壁部分(54)构造成安置在所述较低水平高度(60)处的加注管的下端。
5.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述加注管包括伸入燃料箱内并包括在所述较低水平高度处的所述端部的插入件(46)。
6.根据权利要求5的系统，其特征在于，所述阀是由浮子操作的，并延伸到防止在补给燃料期间所述浮子封闭所述阀的水平高度。
7.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述管道包括具有大气净化通风口的存储炭罐(34)。
8.根据权利要求7的系统，其特征在于，所述大气净化通风口连接到发动机空气入口上的空气滤清器(38)。
9.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述阻隔层主要由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1的系统，其特征在于，所述燃料箱和加注管通过吹塑法制成。
11.一种控制小型发动机燃料系统内的燃料蒸气排放的方法，包括：
(a)形成内部有蒸气阻隔层的燃料箱壁结构(12)和一体的加注管(22)；
(b)将加注管的下端(26)设置在低于燃料箱壁结构的最上部的预定水平高度；
(c)在所述燃料箱壁结构的最上部设置加注过量限制蒸气通风阀/倾翻阀(28)；
(d)将所述阀的蒸气出口(30)连接到发动机的空气入口；以及
(e)在补给燃料期间将加注液面限制到所述加注管的下端的水平高度，其中当燃料液面达到所述加注管的下端时，继续补给燃料则燃料在所述加注管内迅速上升。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述形成燃料箱的步骤包括形成主要由乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物材料制成的阻隔层。
13.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述形成燃料箱壁结构和一体的加注管的步骤包括在所述加注管内设置插入件(46)并用所述插入件形成所述下端。
14.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述设置加注管的下端的步骤包括在上部燃料箱壁形成凹部(54)并将加注管设置在该凹部内。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其特征在于，所述形成凹部的步骤包括将该凹部设置在燃料箱的边缘。
16.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述设置阀的步骤包括设置浮子操作阀。
17.根据权利要求11的方法，其特征在于，所述形成燃料箱壁结构的步骤包括形成主要由聚酰胺材料制成的阻隔层。
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