CN1827829A - Method and apparatus for preparing fine-grained material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for preparing fine-grained material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1827829A CN1827829A CN 200610041960 CN200610041960A CN1827829A CN 1827829 A CN1827829 A CN 1827829A CN 200610041960 CN200610041960 CN 200610041960 CN 200610041960 A CN200610041960 A CN 200610041960A CN 1827829 A CN1827829 A CN 1827829A
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- die cavity
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method and device of preparing fine grain material with continuous variable-section circular squeezing, comprising the following steps: squeezing the material in cylindrical die cavity into rotary die cavity to form rotary; then turning it for 180Deg, squeezing; repeating the above steps until getting the product. The method is high efficiency and good quality. The invention also discloses the device, comprising upper and counter dies (1, 2). The upper die (1) is through-hole, counter die (2) is rotary through-hole, and the pressure rod (4) and ejector rod (6) is on the die cavity of upper and counter dies.
Description
Technical field
A kind of gross distortion that the present invention relates to the plastic forming of metals field prepares the grained material method, particularly the method by preparing fine-grained material; The invention still further relates to the device of this method of realization.
Background technology
The large plastometric set technology has the intensive grain refining capability, can directly material inside organization be refine to submicron and even nano level, and being known as by material supply section educational circles is the most promising method of preparation block nanometer and super fine crystal material.
The gross distortion method that is subjected to material supply section educational circles extensive concern at present mainly contains equal channel angular extruding (ECAE), high pressure torsion (HPT) that the foreign scholar researchs and proposes, circulation extruding (CEC), big ratio extrusion (extrusion ratio is more than 100) etc., has prepared in the grained material in laboratory study and has extensively adopted.In industrial production, adopt forged method, make material repeatedly jumping-up one pulling also can play the effect of crystal grain thinning.
Still there is different problems in above-mentioned gross distortion method, needs to be studied to overcome.As the swiftest and the most violent equal channel angular extruding of development, the material of preparation exists the texture tendency, and specimen size is also very little etc.The capacity of equipment that the large extrusion ratio method needs is big, and the material shape before and after the extruding is significantly changed, and industrial application is restricted.
The one pulling method of jumping-up repeatedly of industrial application is forged owing to adopt, and complicated on the technology, gross distortion efficient is low, forges repeatedly the material surface quality is affected, and forging stock needs turning processing top layer, and operation is many, and how much losses are big.The circulation extruding has been considered to commercial viability, need be thick after a crimp at the die cavity pier, carry out secondary extrusion, reciprocation cycle successively again.This method is if extrusion ratio is little, material ectonexine tissue odds even (reasonably extrusion ratio should greater than 10).Extrusion ratio increases, and has needed between the deformable material surface also to be difficult to adapt to various types of materials by the jumping-up seam.In fact, to the comparatively deep JRictlet of circulation extruding research etc., also be to adopt purity to be respectively 99.5%, 99.992% in experiment, and 99.999% aluminium carry out.Aluminium, is realized by airtight mould seam chamber, but is also mainly selected fine aluminium and soft aluminium alloy at present at the industrial extensive diffluence combination die of using because seam ability under external force is strong.
In addition, when pier was thick in die cavity after the circulation extruding, inside might form the enclosed space that contains air, can occur " bubble " or " peeling " defective in extruded product.Extrusion ratio is big more, and cycle index is many more, and the possibility that these defectives produce is bigger, and the possibility that worsens material is also big more.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of preparing fine-grained material is provided, use this method can prepare the large volume grained material that engineering is used, this method preparation efficiency height, and quality is good.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention includes following steps:
1., with the descending pressurization of extrusion stem (4) to placing cylinder material (3) extruding of patrix (1) die cavity in advance, under pressure, material (3) enters counterdie (2) and is shaped to Rotary-table;
2., with 180 ℃ of the mould upsets of mould (1) and mould (2) combination, with push rod (6) Rotary-table material (3) is headed into patrix (1) die cavity from counterdie (2), remove counterdie (2) again;
3., patrix (1) is placed on the worktable (5), by extrusion stem (4) to Rotary-table material (3) compression set, until becoming right cylinder,
4., counterdie (2) and patrix (1) are made up more than action circulation repeatedly.
The device of realizing the inventive method is: it comprises two moulds (1,2) up and down, patrix (1) die cavity is the through hole of diameter unanimity, counterdie (2) die cavity is round table-like through hole, extrusion stem (4), places in patrix (1) die cavity, and knock-pin (6) places in counterdie (2) die cavity.
Its principle of the method for the preparing fine-grained material of the present invention is: with two moulds up and down of combining, patrix die cavity internal diameter unanimity, the counterdie die cavity is one round table-like, minor diameter one end places on the work top, with cylinder material process patrix die cavity, enter the counterdie die cavity with the afterburning extruding of extrusion stem, become a Rotary-table behind the material deformation, material from front end to the back-end deflection reduce gradually, overturn 180 ℃ then, from the counterdie termination Rotary-table material is pressed into patrix with push rod, removes counterdie.The extrusion stem reinforcing begins jumping-up from Rotary-table material smaller diameter end.Because the Rotary-table diameter from top to bottom increases gradually, each section unit pressure difference, the big distortion earlier of smaller diameter end unit pressure, material along height to being compressed distortion successively.The increase of extrusion stem and material contact surface, radially slip and side particle down tilt constitute continuously successively by the material summit.Rotary-table still reduces to the deflection of going to the bottom gradually from upper base, and pier slightly becomes behind the right cylinder and following die combination again, repeats to move next time, owing to changed direction when pushing for the second time, just makes also that deflection reaches unanimity on the material monolithic.The extruding and the pier of Rotary-table are thick, and the transverse section changes and height carries out continuously and successively to distortion, so be called continuous change section extruding.Say that in principle this process can unlimitedly go on, thereby can obtain infinitely-great strain and tiny and uniform equi-axed crystal.
The instrument that the technology of the present invention method is used comprises two moulds up and down of combining, and patrix 1 die cavity is the through hole of diameter unanimity, and counterdie 2 die cavitys are round table-like through hole, extrusion stem 4, knock-pin 6.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. by repeatedly crimp, for preparation block grained material has proposed a kind of novel method;
2. become continuously section (Rotary-table) crimp can realize material successively along high to distortion with radially flow, make the interior air of die cavity be easy to discharge, also prop up when having obeyed the right cylinder jumping-up to preventing twin drum shape,, prevented the defective that the goods top layer occurs the restriction of ingot blank height.
3. when becoming section (Rotary-table) crimp continuously, skin-material can not exist surperficial foul that the danger that is pressed into material internal is arranged as forging still on the top layer usually.
4. when becoming section (Rotary-table) crimp continuously, do not have material surface big area seam problem repeatedly, the material internal quality is not out of shape the influence of number of times.
5. become section (Rotary-table) crimp method continuously and can implement heat, cold deformation to multiple material in principle, and the circulation extruding can only hot extrude when needing seam.
6. tool manufacture and technological operation are simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 becomes Rotary-table synoptic diagram with material from right cylinder crimp for the present invention;
Fig. 2 oppositely ejects synoptic diagram for Rotary-table material of the present invention;
Fig. 3 for the present invention to the round platform height to the compression set synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Further elaborate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing with to the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.Following steps are adopted in its operating process.
Referring to Fig. 1, at first patrix 1 and counterdie 2 combinations are placed on the worktable 5, cylinder material 3 extruding of extrusion stem 4 descending pressurizations to placing patrix 1 die cavity in advance, under pressure, material 4 enters counterdie 2 and is shaped to Rotary-table.
180 ℃ of second step (referring to Fig. 2) split mold upsets place on the worktable 5, with push rod 6 Rotary-table are headed into patrix 1 die cavity from counterdie 2, remove counterdie 2 again.
The 3rd step (referring to Fig. 3) placed patrix 1 on the worktable 5, by 4 pairs of Rotary-table compression sets of extrusion stem, until becoming right cylinder, with counterdie 2 and patrix 1 combination, repeated action shown in Figure 1 again.
More than action circulation repeatedly just can make material obtain gross distortion, prepares block grained material blank, passes through deep processing again, makes the product of required size.
Die size and material shape size are at first determined distortion Rotary-table size according to arts demand by following principle design, determine according to material plasticity, state.Material plasticity is good, if in hot shaping, Rotary-table height, tapering can obtain moderate finite deformation greatly.Vice versa.
Rotary-table material shape size just can be calculated its volume V after determining
Round platformBe processed into split mold counterdie 2 cavity dimensions consistent with the Rotary-table scantling.Split mold patrix 1 circular hole internal diameter (end that diameter the is bigger) diameter of going to the bottom with Rotary-table 3 is consistent.So just can calculate cylinder height by Rotary-table 3 volumeters.On this basis, make patrix 1 die cavity height increase 30mm again, be beneficial to extrusion stem 3 and correctly import, processing patrix 1.The diameter of extrusion stem 3 is got than the little 0.5～1mm of patrix 1 internal diameter, and the knock-pin diameter is than Rotary-table upper base (end that diameter is less) the little 1mm of diameter.
Embodiment:
Extruded material is wrought magnesium alloys AZ31, and plasticity is good in the time of 300 ℃.Determine that the material Rotary-table is of a size of the radius R 8mm that goes to the bottom, upper base radius γ 4mm, Rotary-table height h is 32mm, has also just determined counterdie 2 cavity dimensions thus.By formula
Calculate
V
Round platform=3,751mm
3
By V
Round platformVolume calculation cylinder volume V
Cylinder, determined that cylinder diameter and the Rotary-table diameter of going to the bottom is identical, i.e. radius R
CylinderAlso be 8mm.Like this, by V
Cylinder=π R
2 CylinderH
Cylinder=3,751mm
3, calculate H
Cylinder=18.7mm, patrix 1 be film chamber hypermutation H highly just
CylinderDetermine thereupon.H
Patrix=18.7mm+30mm=48.7mm
By the abovementioned steps extruding, just can prepare the grained material that needs.For reducing squeeze and being convenient to oppositely eject the Rotary-table material, it is effective implementing to lubricate at die cavity and storeroom.
The example comparative analysis:
The present invention is 1.0 in the average true strain amount of the next round-robin that imposes a condition, and circulates 5 times, and the accumulation strain amount can reach 5.0.Average grain size refine to 5 μ m by 20 μ m, thereby magnesium alloy plastic deformation ability is at normal temperatures improved greatly.
Foreign scholar M.Richert etc. push AlMg
5Alloy, each round-robin dependent variable is 0.42, and through 36 circulations, the accumulation strain amount reaches at 15.2 o'clock, and crystal grain refine to 200nm from 0.8mm.
Extruding such as Jien-wei yeh Al-12%si alloy, extrusion ratio 10: 1 circulates 6 times, and the accumulation strain amount is 27, and each cyclic strain amount is 4.5, and grain-size can refine to 2-7 μ m.
Little strong extruding 2024 aluminium alloys that wait of domestic scholars Lee, each cyclic strain amount is 0.892, circulates 10 times, accumulation strain amount 8.92, grain fineness number refine to 200nm by 4 μ m.
Other experimenters all adopt aluminium alloy during extruding, and MRicRer and Li Xiaoqiang experiment extrusion ratio are little, and each dependent variable is respectively 0.892 and 0.42.
Large extrusion ratio is adopted in the experiment of Jien-wei yeh, and dependent variable is big, but has the danger that produces subsurface defect.
The whenever logical time true strain of equal channel angular extruding is about 1.0, and round-robin true strain of extruding also is 1.0 in the embodiment of the invention, but the former strain is a constant, and variableization of the latter, and can use the large volume material by preparation engineering.
In addition, other experimenter mainly investigates degree of grain refinement, and dependent variable is relevant with degree of grain refinement.The present invention and engineering are used close, are easy to the actual conversion of engineering.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of continuous change section reciprocating extrusion prepares the method for grained material, and it is characterized in that: it may further comprise the steps:
1., with the descending pressurization of extrusion stem (4) to placing cylinder material (3) extruding of patrix (1) die cavity in advance, under pressure, material (3) enters counterdie (2) and is shaped to Rotary-table;
2., with 180 ℃ of the mould upsets of mould (1) and mould (2) combination, with push rod (6) Rotary-table material (3) is headed into patrix (1) die cavity from counterdie (2), remove counterdie (2) again;
3., patrix (1) is placed on the worktable (5), by extrusion stem (4) to Rotary-table material (3) compression set, until becoming right cylinder,
4., counterdie (2) and patrix (1) are made up more than action circulation repeatedly.
2, a kind of device of realizing the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise two moulds (1,2) up and down, patrix (1) die cavity is the through hole of diameter unanimity, counterdie (2) die cavity is round table-like through hole, extrusion stem (4), place in patrix (1) die cavity, knock-pin (6) places in counterdie (2) die cavity.
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| CNB2006100419608A CN100386466C (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2006-03-22 | Method and apparatus for preparing fine-grained material |
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| CNB2006100419608A CN100386466C (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2006-03-22 | Method and apparatus for preparing fine-grained material |
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| CN1827829A true CN1827829A (en) | 2006-09-06 |
| CN100386466C CN100386466C (en) | 2008-05-07 |
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Cited By (11)
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| CN101250619B (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-06-02 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing FeCoV series alloy fine crystalline semi-manetic material |
| CN104010744A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-08-27 | 浦项工科大学校产学协力团 | Torsional extreme-plastic processing method of conic metal pipe |
| CN104138918A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-11-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Composite mold for circulation extrusion on continuous variable cross section and operation method of composite mold |
| CN105499292A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-04-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device and method for preparing fine grains through magnetoplastic deformation section corner extrusion |
| CN105665461A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device and method for preparing fine grains through electroplastic variable-section corner extrusion |
| CN105964715A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-09-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Variable angle continuous variable section cyclic extrusion device and operation method |
| CN106881369A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-23 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | The two-way composite extrusion die and extrusion process of a kind of magnesium alloy plate and belt |
| CN107282670A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of extrusion blooming method of turbine disk high temperature alloy ingot casting |
| CN107931350A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-20 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of Tapered Cup back and forth fluctuates extrusion molding design method |
| CN109794522A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain magnesium alloy right-angled trapezium part |
| CN115044847A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing large-size titanium alloy fine-grain blank based on CVCE method |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2582547B1 (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-12-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DIE FOR HOT SPINNING |
| JP3556445B2 (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2004-08-18 | Ｙｋｋ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy sheet |
| JP2003326311A (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-18 | Aisin Keikinzoku Co Ltd | Variable section extruding die and extrusion molding method |
| JP2004285429A (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-10-14 | Ykk Corp | Method and device for producing extrusion material |
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| CN101250619B (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-06-02 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing FeCoV series alloy fine crystalline semi-manetic material |
| CN104010744A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-08-27 | 浦项工科大学校产学协力团 | Torsional extreme-plastic processing method of conic metal pipe |
| CN104138918A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-11-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Composite mold for circulation extrusion on continuous variable cross section and operation method of composite mold |
| CN104138918B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die and method of operating thereof |
| CN105499292B (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-11 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Mangneto plasticity Varied section corner extrusion prepares the devices and methods therefor of fine grain |
| CN105665461A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device and method for preparing fine grains through electroplastic variable-section corner extrusion |
| CN105499292A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-04-20 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Device and method for preparing fine grains through magnetoplastic deformation section corner extrusion |
| CN105665461B (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-11-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Electroplastic Varied section corner extrusion prepares the devices and methods therefor of fine grain |
| CN105964715A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-09-28 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Variable angle continuous variable section cyclic extrusion device and operation method |
| CN105964715B (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-06-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion device and operating method of variable-angle |
| CN106881369A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-23 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | The two-way composite extrusion die and extrusion process of a kind of magnesium alloy plate and belt |
| CN106881369B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-01-01 | 郑州航空工业管理学院 | A kind of two-way composite extrusion die and extrusion process of magnesium alloy plate and belt |
| CN107282670A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of extrusion blooming method of turbine disk high temperature alloy ingot casting |
| CN107931350A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-04-20 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of Tapered Cup back and forth fluctuates extrusion molding design method |
| CN107931350B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-06-14 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of Tapered Cup back and forth fluctuates extrusion molding design method |
| CN109794522A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain magnesium alloy right-angled trapezium part |
| CN115044847A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing large-size titanium alloy fine-grain blank based on CVCE method |
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