CN1815115B - Wood rapid-drying method - Google Patents
Wood rapid-drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1815115B CN1815115B CN 200610057526 CN200610057526A CN1815115B CN 1815115 B CN1815115 B CN 1815115B CN 200610057526 CN200610057526 CN 200610057526 CN 200610057526 A CN200610057526 A CN 200610057526A CN 1815115 B CN1815115 B CN 1815115B
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Abstract
Present invention refers to timber quick drying method. It contains 1, putting to be processed timber in timber drying chamber, heating from 30 degree centigrade to 70-98 degree centigrade within 4 to10 hr and making timber drying vapour being saturated state, 2, keeping temperature for a period, holding time scaling up according to timber thickness, holding time hrs being equal to timber thickness cms, 3, fast reducing timber drying chamber temperature in a period according to timber thickness, 4, repeating step 1-3 by several time, wherein each time the timber heating time being 10-50 minutes, and removing filling saturated vapour process to reduce timber moisture content to demand value. Said invention has equal moisture content gradient and temperature gradient and saves energy source
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Wood treatment method, particularly relate to a kind of Wood rapid-drying method.
Background technology
Timber need pass through pretreated process before use, and dry the processing is one of them important link.Guaranteeing to accelerate rate of drying under the prerequisite of wood drying quality, shorten drying time,, efficiently purpose energy-conservation to realize is the target that people are pursued for a long time always.
Domestic and international application tradition vapor dry cell is carried out the drying of wood at present, mainly be to utilize the moisture content conduction principle, be that the moisture gradient principle is carried out drying, be that moisture content in the timber trends towards moving to the low part of moisture content from the high part of moisture content specifically, and the wet transport properties of the heat of moisture content in the timber, promptly the thermograde principle does not obtain utilizing.So-called thermograde principle is meant that the moisture content in the timber trends towards moving to the low part of temperature from the high part of temperature, and in traditional Wood drying technique method, the moisture gradient and the thermograde of timber are adverse state.For example, in timber drying, the inlet and outlet road of wood drying kiln is in opening in the time of humidity discharging, in order to guarantee room temperature, heater is executed in automatic heated condition all the time, the circulating current that blower fan produced constantly is delivered to the heat that heater gave out wood surface, thereby makes the temperature of wood surface be higher than the timber central part, and promptly the thermograde of timber is that external temperature height, internal temperature are low at this moment; The circulating current of blower fan is constantly taken away the moisture content of wood surface, and the moisture content of timber central part is just than the moisture content height of wood surface, so the moisture gradient of timber is low, the inner moisture content height of outside moisture content.
Thermograde principle and moisture gradient principle according to timber, moisture content in the timber trends towards flowing to the low part of temperature from the high part of temperature, flow to the low part of moisture content from the high part of moisture content, therefore under the reverse state of described two kinds of gradients, carry out drying of wood processing, the effect of moisture content gradient of wood should be greater than the effect of thermograde, wherein the effect of moisture gradient will overcome on the one hand because the trend that thermograde makes moisture content move to inside from the outside will and then make moisture content be moved to the outside by timber inside on the other hand.But the moisture gradient of timber is big more, and its internal stress of bearing is just big more, and when internal stress was excessive, timber can produce cracking at the early stage of drying, can produce distortion at the later stage of drying, also can make timber produce implosion when dealing with improperly dry mid-term.Therefore, when using traditional drying technology desiccated wood, do not allow sharply to raise temperature and reduction humidity, otherwise can produce drying of wood defective.The rising of timber temperature and the humidity decrease speed of suggestion reference in the 182nd page of the chief editor's of Nanjing forest product industry institute teaching material " drying of wood " book are as follows:
1, rate of rise in temperature:
Following 2 ℃/hour of soft weedtree 3.5 cm thicks
3.5 above 1 ℃/hour of cm thick
Following 1.5 ℃/hour of hardwood 3.5 cm thicks
3.5 above 1 ℃/hour of cm thick
2, relative humidity decrease speed:
Soft weedtree 3.5 cm thicks are following 3%/hour
3.5 cm thick is above 2%/hour
Hardwood 2%/hour
Because the traditional drying technology moisture gradient and the thermograde of timber are reverse, wood internal stress is big, so be difficult to significantly shorten drying time, and timber is out of shape, lose use value. such as, with the thick toothed oak timber floor material of the dry 23mm of traditional handicraft, being dried to moisture content by greenwood is 8~12% needs 13~14 days; The thick big plate of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica of dry 60mm, doing moisture content by greenwood is 8~12% needs 15~16 days; The thick big plate of birch of dry 50mm, doing moisture content by greenwood is 8~12% to need 23~24 days. so will increase energy consumption the drying time of length, the power consumption that present most of timber-work enterprise is used for the drying of wood will account for enterprise and produce 60~70% of power consumption, and this slower rate of drying and bigger power consumption are that traditional drying technology is difficult to overcome.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, a kind of Wood rapid-drying method of accelerating rate of drying and efficient energy-saving under the indehiscent prerequisite of timber is provided.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, Wood rapid-drying method of the present invention may further comprise the steps: 1) timber with processing to be dried places wood drying kiln, make the temperature of wood drying kiln in 4~10 hours, rise to 70 ℃~98 ℃ by 30 ℃, and, make the indoor steam of the drying of wood be in saturation state to the indoor saturated vapor that charges into of the drying of wood; 2) make timber insulation certain hour and heat penetration, temperature retention time increases progressively by lumber thickness, and the hourage of temperature retention time equals the cms of lumber thickness; 3) in the certain hour section, reduce the temperature of wood drying kiln fast according to the thickness of timber, concrete data are as follows: for the thick sheet material of 30mm, in 2.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 30 ℃~40 ℃, for the thick sheet material of 40mm, in 3~3.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 36 ℃~45 ℃, for the thick sheet material of 50mm, in 4 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 40 ℃~48 ℃, for the thick sheet material of 60mm, in 4.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 44 ℃~52 ℃, for the thick sheet material of 70mm, in 5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 47 ℃~56 ℃; 4) repeating step 1~3 several times, wherein each in step 1 heating-up time of wood drying kiln be 10~50 minutes, and cancellation makes the moisture content of timber finally be reduced to the numerical value that requires to the indoor operation that charges into saturated vapor of the drying of wood.
Wood rapid-drying method of the present invention, wherein the hourage of temperature retention time is that the cms of lumber thickness adds 1~2 hour in step 2.
Wood rapid-drying method of the present invention, wherein the number of times of repeating step 1~3 is 12~21 times in step 4.
Wood rapid-drying method of the present invention wherein finally is reduced to 6%~12% with the moisture content of timber in step 4.
Wood rapid-drying method of the present invention, by the drying of wood is indoor timber is repeatedly repeated be rapidly heated-be incubated-process of fast cooling, make timber moisture gradient and thermograde in dry run guarantee to accelerate rate of drying under indehiscent prerequisite in the same way, but and energy savings.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one: (density is about 0.7 gram per centimeter to the toothed oak wood that 50mm is thick
3) place wood drying kiln, advance in this wood drying kiln, the cross-sectional area of exhaust duct is that 0.01. closes advancing of wood drying kiln with the ratio of chamber body total measurement (volume), exhaust duct, open blower fan and heater in the wood drying kiln, simultaneously by steam jet pipe with the pressure of 0.5MPa to the indoor steam that sprays into of the drying of wood, make steam in the wood drying kiln state that reaches capacity. make wood drying kiln in 9~10 hours, rise to 80 ℃ by 30 ℃, make wood drying kiln maintain 80 ℃ temperature and be incubated 7 hours time, closing the heater and the unlatching of wood drying kiln subsequently advances, exhaust duct, in 4 hours, make the temperature of wood drying kiln reduce by 40 ℃~48 ℃ rapidly, close afterwards into, exhaust duct. and then repeat above-mentioned being rapidly heated in that the drying of wood is indoor, insulation, fast cooling process 21 times, wherein the heating-up time of each wood drying kiln is 10~50 minutes, and cancellation is to the indoor operation that charges into saturated vapor of the drying of wood, make the moisture content of timber finally be reduced to about 10%, reach the requirement of Wood drying technique. under the state of operating at full capacity, about 12~13 days of whole dry run.
Embodiment two: (density is about 0.5 gram per centimeter to the Chinese catalpa wood that 30mm is thick
3) placing wood drying kiln, the cross-sectional area in inlet and outlet road is 0.01 with the ratio of chamber body total measurement (volume) in this wood drying kiln.Close the inlet and outlet road of wood drying kiln, open blower fan and heater in the wood drying kiln, simultaneously by steam jet pipe with the pressure of 0.5MPa to the indoor steam that sprays into of the drying of wood, make steam in the wood drying kiln state that reaches capacity.Make wood drying kiln in 4~5 hours, rise to 90 ℃ by 30 ℃, make wood drying kiln maintain 90 ℃ temperature and be incubated 4 hours time, close the heater of wood drying kiln subsequently and open the inlet and outlet road, in 2.5 hours, make the temperature of wood drying kiln reduce by 30 ℃~40 ℃ rapidly, close the inlet and outlet road afterwards.And then indoorly repeat above-mentionedly to be rapidly heated at the drying of wood, insulation, fast cooling process 14 times, wherein the heating-up time of each wood drying kiln is 10~50 minutes, and cancellation is to the indoor operation that charges into saturated vapor of the drying of wood, the moisture content of timber finally is reduced to about 8%, reaches the requirement of Wood drying technique.Under the state of operating at full capacity, about 4~5 days of whole dry run.
Embodiment three: (density is about 0.3 gram per centimeter to the pine that 70mm is thick
3) placing wood drying kiln, the cross-sectional area in inlet and outlet road is 0.01 with the ratio of chamber body total measurement (volume) in this wood drying kiln.Close the inlet and outlet road of wood drying kiln, open blower fan and heater in the wood drying kiln, simultaneously by steam jet pipe with the pressure of 0.5MPa to the indoor steam that sprays into of the drying of wood, make steam in the wood drying kiln state that reaches capacity.Make wood drying kiln in 9~10 hours, rise to 95 ℃ by 30 ℃, make wood drying kiln maintain 95 ℃ temperature and be incubated 8 hours time, close the heater of wood drying kiln subsequently and open the inlet and outlet road, in 5 hours, make the temperature of wood drying kiln reduce by 47 ℃~56 ℃ rapidly, close the inlet and outlet road afterwards.And then indoorly repeat above-mentionedly to be rapidly heated at the drying of wood, insulation, fast cooling process 14 times, wherein the heating-up time of each wood drying kiln is 10~50 minutes, and cancellation is to the indoor operation that charges into saturated vapor of the drying of wood, the moisture content of timber finally is reduced to about 8%, reaches the requirement of Wood drying technique.Under the state of operating at full capacity, about 8~9 days of whole dry run.
In the Wood rapid-drying technical process of above-mentioned three embodiment, in the stage of being rapidly heated, be rapidly heated and make the wood surface temperature than the remarkable rising of internal temperature, moisture content in the timber can be moved to inside by the surface, but because timber internal moisture content is higher than the outside, there is moisture gradient, stops moisture content moving to timber inside, make the moisture content in the timber be in comparatively stable status, so timber can not cause cracking because of producing excessive stresses.At holding stage to timber, continuity along with temperature retention time, room temperature is constantly to the timber conducted inside, a part of moisture content of timber is to the indoor volatilization of the drying of wood, the humidity of wood drying kiln is further strengthened, wood surface finally is tending towards identical temperature with inner, can not cause the cracking of timber like this, has created condition for fast cooling with realization and moisture gradient thermograde in the same way simultaneously.When closing the indoor heater of the drying of wood and opening exhaust duct, the room temperature of wood drying kiln reduces rapidly, according to the wet transport properties of the heat of timber, the process that room temperature descends also is the process of hydrofuge drying, this moment since timber thermograde and moisture gradient in the same way, and timber top layer moisture content is significantly higher than the equilibrium moisture content of humidity of media all the time, so the drying stress of timber is also less, makes timber can not produce distortion equally in dry run.
Claims (4)
1. Wood rapid-drying method may further comprise the steps:
1) timber with processing to be dried places wood drying kiln, makes the temperature of wood drying kiln rise to 70 ℃~98 ℃ by 30 ℃ in 4~10 hours, and to the indoor saturated vapor that charges into of the drying of wood, makes the indoor steam of the drying of wood be in saturation state;
2) make timber insulation certain hour and heat penetration, temperature retention time increases progressively by lumber thickness, and the hourage of temperature retention time equals the cms of lumber thickness;
3) reduce the temperature of wood drying kiln according to the thickness of timber in the certain hour section, concrete data are as follows:
For the thick sheet material of 30mm, in 2.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 30 ℃~40 ℃,
For the thick sheet material of 40mm, in 3~3.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 36 ℃~45 ℃,
For the thick sheet material of 50mm, in 4 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 40 ℃~48 ℃,
For the thick sheet material of 60mm, in 4.5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 44 ℃~52 ℃
For the thick sheet material of 70mm, in 5 hours, make drying of wood room temperature reduce by 47 ℃~56 ℃;
4) repeating step 1~3 several times, wherein each in step 1 heating-up time of wood drying kiln be 10~50 minutes, and cancellation makes the moisture content of timber finally be reduced to the numerical value that requires to the indoor operation that charges into saturated vapor of the drying of wood.
2. Wood rapid-drying method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the hourage of temperature retention time is that the cms of lumber thickness adds 1~2 hour in step 2.
3. Wood rapid-drying method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the number of times of repeating step 1~3 is 12~21 times in step 4.
4. Wood rapid-drying method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the moisture content with timber in step 4 finally is reduced to 6%~12%.
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